Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

The article addressed the issues of inter-subject teaching of physics and chemistry at the General Education School. An inter-subject cases method is developed on the basis of the Modular teaching technology. The peculiarity of the method lies in the uniformity of tutorial manner used for teaching both physics and chemistry. It means that a package of educational materials (inter-subject case) is issued to students at the beginning of study of each module of physics and chemistry. The package includes a questionnaire (plan), a suggested reading list, a typical problem and a list of individual problems and tasks. An inter-subject case in physics also includes semantic structures of inter-subject contents in chemistry and vice versa, the module cases for studying chemistry contain semantic structures of inter-subject contents in physics. The psychological grounds for applying the method of inter-subject cases to the education process are developed in the article. Coordination of the inter-subject cases method with the theory of gradual forming of intellectual actions, as well as correspondence of the method with the factors of educative process efficiency are introduced in the article. Special tests have been developed and carried out by the authors, which included inter-subject tests and tasks. The test results have shown a high level of knowledge of inter-subject connections by the students who were taught by the method of inter-subject cases. For acknowledgement of correctness of evaluation, a method suggested by I.A. Kulak at the end of the last century was used. The final grades of the students obtained by them for the inter-subject tests were compared with the marks calculated using the method of I.A. Kulak. The marks had coincided in 99 cases out of 100. In such a way, the usage of the inter-subject cases method in the course of teaching physics and chemistry at General Education School is substantiated.

The article is devoted to the topical issue for today, concerning the class management. In the process of class management, one should lean upon specially selected and trained leaders. We propose morality as a selection criterion; to measure it, we suggest checking the reaction of students to the proverbs-situations. We present a method of situational matrix, proposed by the authors. This matrix was realized in the process of studying physics by the students of the 10-th grade. The results of its testing are given. The distribution of the moral background in the classroom is shown. The situational matrix allows the teacher to get an idea about the behavior of students in different situations, makes it possible to predict the behavior of pupils in group activities. This facilitates the management of the class and contributes to finding ways to motivate the study of complex material in physics. The picture of moral values of the class outlined by using the elements of the situational matrix can help the teacher to determine a group of students with a high level of morality, who can be considered as potential leaders. Of course, not all students in this group are apparent leaders. But, as practice shows, high moral principles are characteristic of strong personalities capable to disregard their own interests for the benefit of others. Therefore, we hypothesized that extra boosting by the teacher of the authority of these guys in the class, which is set for competition, will foster the establishment of the required psychological «climate» in which there occurs the natural distribution of leaders in the teams. We established a fact of coincidence of morality distributions in two 10-grade classes. A correlation between morality and academic progress has not been revealed. The search for additional resources in the areas of morality and values that can be used in the management of the class is justified and efficient. These resources can contribute to the solution of the problem of increasing the efficiency of teaching physics in modern conditions.

Human perceptions regarding health have been changing during almost all stages of formation and development of mankind. Along with that one can note the multidirectionality of conceptions of teaching and education of all-round, sound person, and the basis of these conceptions is the process of physical development and physical improvement. The evolution of pedagogical idea, starting from the epoch of Antiquity, shows us the multidirectionality of approaches to organization of physical education of the younger generation. For example, in the age of antiquity in the Greek policies there were used two systems of education, Spartan and Athenian. The main aim of Sparta was the education of the rising generation that could win the war under any circumstances. In the Middle Ages not much attention was paid to the preservation of health and longevity. The Christian religion, which played a huge role in the life of a medieval community, established its dominance in the field of training and education. Preaching «austerity» and the sinful character of care for the body, the religion called to care only about the salvation of souls and to prepare for the afterlife. The Renaissance was marked by the struggle against scholasticism, including in the field of education and training. Emerging bourgeoisie could not be satisfied with a religious philosophy and medieval culture, to put up with the ideas of asceticism and contemptuous attitude toward physical development. In the early and developed feudalism there came to the fore the system of military physical training of the Knights, the main features of which is military orientation and class character. The situation began to change in the late feudalism with the emerging bourgeois culture and physical culture and sports becoming its integral part. At this time there appeared humanist, socialist theories of physical education. The beginning of the era of modern times was accompanied by a struggle against medieval traditions and rethinking of human values, which inevitably affected the development of the educational thought of the period. A similar trend of transition from one value to another existed until the early twentieth century. In summary, all the thoughts and ideas of eminent philosophers and teachers can be differentiated on two grounds: the orientation of the personality and orientation system. The essence of the approach that is driven by the system, is that the process of health improvement of children was organized in order to form the individual student in the public interest. In turn, the approach that focuses on the personality of the student presupposes the organization of the process of sports and recreational activities in the interests of the individual child, taking into account his/her inclinations and capabilities.

The authors note that, to determine the level of professional training of students in the system of art pedagogical education, it is necessary to define the main criteria of assessment of student work in academic drawing, which are based on objective regularities of creation of a graphic representation on a sheet of paper. According to the logic of the process of training in the academic drawing, the criteria of assessment of the student work have to be developed on the basis of purposes and problems of training in the academic drawing that lays the foundation for the development of professional art perception and thinking. Also, the assessment criteria should reflect and direct the development of the abilities of students to vigorous educational and creative activity. The process of training in the academic drawing is an integral system which includes: the purpose, tasks, theoretical material, and also methods of formation and development of professional competences of the draftsman in students taking into account their future art and pedagogical activity. Therefore, the planned result of educational activity is the formed professional competence of students in the field of the academic drawing. For successful and high-quality vocational training of students in the system of art pedagogical education, it is necessary to fulfill not only the well-known tasks of training in the academic drawing, but also to focus attention on more complex analytical challenges allowing to reveal spatial and rhythmic communications in natural statement, and also the creative component of graphic activity. In the methodological dimension, this process is considered in two aspects, namely: as a process of mental analysis of natural setting, including its spatial and rhythmic connections, and as a process of material embodiment on the graphic plane. In this context the necessary qualities of vocational training of students in the academic drawing are distinguished: the ability to the analysis and synthesis, the ability to make an emphasis on the internal spatial and rhythmic communications allowing to reach the proportional accuracy, to strengthen dynamics of a form, and also a harmony and expressiveness of an image, ability to schematization, simplification. The authors note that it is necessary to differentiate accurately the content of training during the first years and the senior years, placing accents in compliance with tasks: during the first years the students comprehend an analytical component of the academic drawing, during the senior years they develop more difficult and deep relation to nature and the process of the creating an image. At the final stage, the training is directed on creative mastering of system of imaging which contains a certain complex of interconnected tasks including the graphic and expressive beginnings, whose content in the concrete image assumes harmonization and art integrity of the image.

The article presents the basic views of the authors on the problem of social and philosophical research of upbringing as a factor of sustainable development of the society. The importance is emphasized of searching for alternative ways of social development and problem of understanding of the role of upbringing in this process. The concept of sustainable development of the society is considered by many scientists as, perhaps, the only real possibility of stable development of humanity in the context of modern challenges and crises. Despite the existence of a significant number of deep papers devoted to the sphere of upbringing and the concept of sustainable development, so far no systematic philosophical study has been carried out of upbringing as a factor of sustainable development of society, especially in the context of the Russian transformation processes. The works devoted to these problems are rare and mostly have the character of formulating the problems. The insufficient level of investigation of certain philosophical, methodological and social aspects of the research topic requires integral studying all sides of the formulated problem: the analysis of upbringing as a factor of sustainable development of the society. In our opinion, in studying the indicated problem it is necessary to widely use the methodology of social philosophy (the general), as well as the methodology of philosophy of education (the special). The philosophy of education is a methodological platform of reflection concerning the upbringing concepts. The philosophy of education is a form of philosophical conceptualization of knowledge about education and upbringing, integrating all knowledge that, in one way or another, deals with upbringing. The philosophy of education as an interdisciplinary field allows carrying out a holistic analysis of upbringing as a factor of sustainable development of the society.

The article deals with the concepts of gender, gender roles and self-actualization of the person, distinguishes their main characteristics. The self-actualization conditions of women and men in modern society are considered. The results are presented of empirical research concerning the gender features of self-actualization of the employees of some pre-school educational institutions of the Siberian Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Novosibirsk. The sample included the teaching staff of preschool educational institutions, altogether 90 people. There is presented a comparative analysis of the parameters of self-actualization between the masculine and feminine personality types; between the masculine and androgynous personality types and between the feminine and androgynous types. In comparing the indexes between the masculine and feminine personality types there were received 23 significant differences in the parameters of self-actualization. The respondents with a pronounced feminine type have significantly higher the following parameters of self-actualization: «flexibility in communicating», «scale of behavior flexibility», «scale of ideas about human nature». In comparing the parameters of self-actualization between masculine and androgynous personality types, there were found 17 significant differences, whereas between feminine and androgynous types there were revealed 8 significant differences. As a result of empirical research, the hypothesis has been confirmed that a higher level of self-actualization is prevalent with the teaching staff with the strong masculine personality type rather than that for the respondents with the feminine and androgynous personality type.

The article is devoted to the study of the history of the origin and development of volunteering in Russia and abroad. The authors raise a very relevant to the present day problem. Modern society is experiencing an acute need for teamwork, mutual aid, compassion, selfless help to others - all these qualities are an integral part of volunteering. Volunteering at the present time is one of the most popular types of volunteer work. Selfless service to the humane interests of the people takes many forms, is manifested as an aid at the local, national and international levels. Today, the volunteer organizations exist in over 80 countries. In the nineties of the XX century, in this activity there was involved nearly half of the citizens in the United States and European countries. To date, the total number of volunteers in Russia accounts for only 2% of the population; however, volunteering in Russia is being reborn. The article gives a comparative analysis of the development of volunteerism in Russia and the world, the concept of «volunteering», specifics, significance and problems of development of this phenomenon in Russia. The authors consider the volunteer activities necessary for a full spiritual development of modern society.

The article deals with an interdisciplinary approach uniting architecture and philosophy of the age of Enlightenment and the Romantic Era. The philosophical foundations of interdisciplinary approach can already be seen in antiquity as an ideal of unity of knowledge, in modernity, in an effort to overcome the Cartesian dualism and the opposition of real and ideal by the representatives of German classical and romantic philosophy. In order to reveal the integration of philosophy and architecture, it is important to study the periods of paradigmatic shifts in culture, when close relationship between different areas of culture and similarities between categorical apparatus of the two disciplines can be observed. The origins of interdisciplinarity in Russia since the middle of the 18 ^th century are connected with the desire to develop the whole, enlightened, fully harmonious personality. The opening of the Academy of Arts chronologically coincided with the period of transition from baroque to classicism, which involved a new view on the combination of professional and general scientific disciplines. The transition from classicism to eclecticism in the first half of the 19 ^th century also coincided with a qualitatively new stage in the development of architectural education, philosophical and aesthetic thought. The development of Russian aesthetics of this period, the idea of union of art and philosophy was greatly influenced by the German classical and romantic philosophy, particularly by the ideas of F. W. Schelling. In the context of philosophical and aesthetic views of F. W. Schelling concerning the unity of ideal and real, professor of Мoscow University N. I. Nadezhdin creatively developed the idea of a union of the classical and romantic art. A philosophical orientation, the desire to understand the role of their profession, to respond to major, fundamental questions of the architectural theory were successfully implemented in the Moscow Palace Architectural School. A certain correspondence was found between the critical works on architecture by N. I. Nadezhdin and essay themes which were given to the students. The article considers the possibility of using the results of the research in the educational process in modern architectural school.

The present interdisciplinary research is dedicated to the major problems that the Buddhist church faced with in the Post-Soviet period. We analyze the large-scale transformations in its structure and activities that started in 1990-s and continued during the entire transitional period. This seems to be the most important because on the basis of the findings it is necessary to adjust the taken actions of resolving the issues and to define a strategy for the further development of the church. In addition, it is topical to identify the main problems that are faced by the leadership of the Buddhist Sangha in the period and to evaluate the ways of their solving. At the same time, a problem is set to consider the value foundations of Buddhist philosophy, which is apparent in the strategic management actions at the time, and to determine their role in the transformation process. From the philosophical point of view, we identify the axiological foundations of Tibet Buddhism which can be seen in the educational, local and international politics and in the revival of national culture. The most significant results of these changes are creation of the Buddhist educational institute «Dashi Choinkhorlin», increase of interest to Buddhism among the Russian population, formation of positive relations with the local and central government, and also the integration of buddhists of Buryatia, India, Mongolia and other countries.

The author of the article considers a topical problem of preserving the student body of the children’s music schools as a social problem and offers to use Internet-forums as a way of conducting polls and one of the methods of monitoring of the public attitudes towards music education and its quality. The historical succession, interconnection of the aims and goals of children’s music education during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, their direct dependence on the social, economic and cultural realities are traced in the article. From this point of view we analyze the relation of the music school to the pupils, a changing role of the pupil in the education process, the interrelations in the triangle «school - family - pupil», the problem of formation of highly professional stuff, their aspiration for self-education and the issue of engaging the young specialists.