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The content and chemical composition of organic oil-soluble constituents (lipids) of the snow cover, peat and water of the Bakchar bog, which is the typical bog for southern taiga (the northeastern spurs of the Great Vasyugan Mire) were explored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. As shown, the composition of lipids in waters is exposed to seasonal fluctuations and formed due to compounds generated in a peat deposit and falling with atmospheric precipitation, and also to components of plants. Lipid content is linked to level dynamics of waters, the quantity of fallen atmospheric precipitation, and air temperature. The amount of lipidic components in waters is maximum in the beginning of spring; their composition is almost identical to peat compounds. When water is diluted with melting snow, lipid content is reduced. Herewith, the fraction of the main groups of lipids: n-alkanes, and n-aldehydes, and also cyclic mono- and sesquiterpenoids present in plants of the early growing season in the snow is increased.  An increase in air temperature and a low amount of atmospheric precipitation lead to an increased fraction of lipids produced by water plants and compounds that are a part of conifer resin (dehydroabietic acid and its derivatives) in water. When the amount of rain precipitation is increased, the diversity of composition and lipid content are reduced in water; C₂₅ and C₂₇ n-alkanes, and also carboxylic acids are prevailing in this case. A reduction of the amount of atmospheric precipitation at the end of summer is accompanied by an increase in the content of triterpenoids, steroids, long-chain esters of carboxylic acid, and tocopherol in water. Furthermore, betulin and its derivatives typical for birch, and also saturated oil hopane derivatives fallen to water resulting from carrying out technical works appear at the survey plot. A month later, in September, human activity products are removed from the waters; the content of biological triterpenoids, and among them, α- and β-amyrin derivatives enriched with red bilberry and cranberry is drastically increased.

The dec-1-ene transformations were studied in the presence of Y, Beta, ZSM-12 and ZSM-5 zeolites in the H-form. It is established that the main products of the reaction in the presence of zeolites H-Y, H-Beta, H-ZSM-12 are dec-1-ene isomers and its oligomers, while in the presence of zeolite H-ZSM-5 dec-1-ene isomerization predominantly occurs. The mentioned catalytic systems can be arranged in the following series by the activity: H-Beta > H-Y > H-ZSM-12 >> H-ZSM-5, and by the selectivity of oligomers: H-ZSM-12 > H-Beta ~ H-Y >> H-ZSM-5 in the temperature range of 150-220 °С. Among oligomers the dimers of decene are predominant, have an alkyl-naphthenic structure, contain unsaturated hydrocarbons with tri- and tetra-substituted double bonds of 2.2-3.2 % was established. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized decene oligomers are similar to the hydrogenated poly-α-olefins obtained on the catalytic AlCl₃ complexes.

The annual dynamics of composition and content of groups of phenolic compounds (hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols) and individual phenolics (gallic, protocatehuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin and avicularin) in the leaves of Spiraea media Fr. Schmidt, S. chamaedryfolia L. и S. hypericifolia L., growing in Novosibirsk in the areas with high and background levels of transport and industrial pollution were studied. The peculiarities of effects of environmental contamination and meteorological conditions on the content of phenolic compounds and their groups are revealed. The concentrations of the major constituents in leaves of the species decreased significantly in the urban area in comparison with the background one. The most stable annual decrease in the concentrations was found in the leaves of S. hypericifolia. The level of the annual variability of the number of phenolic components under the conditions of pollution increased (S. media, S. chamaedryfolia) or slightly changed (S. hypericifolia) compared with the control, and the level of variation in the concentrations of most constituents, on the contrary, decreased.

This review exposes the issue of the relationship between exposure to dust particles from coal and coal processing industries with the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Typical features of exposure to dust particles of this type involves: 1) high levels and the chronic type of dust pollution, 2) a small aerodynamic diameter (AD) of dust particles (below 10 µm) that facilitates their inhalation and entry into teethridge, 3) their trend towards aggregating to clusters with an AD between 2.5 µm and 10 µm that set in the upper respiratory tract, and 4) specific chemical composition (carbon, silicon dioxide, alumina, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, and volatile organic matter). In spite of the generally proven relationship of exposure to all fractions of dust particles with elevated morbidity and mortality caused by CVD, the proportion of cases triggered by dust particles regardless of respiratory system diseases that are characterised by comorbidity with CVD remains unclear. Furthermore, there is an obvious shortage of environmental epidemiology research with monitoring the particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 0.1 µm, exposure to which could most likely explain the relationship between dust pollution and CVD (the particles with so small AD are able to penetrate to the systemic circulation). At last, the majority of multicentre epidemiological investigations that substantiate relationships between dust particles and developing CVD have been performed in developed countries. Carrying out such research in developing countries, considering their geographical, climatic, and socioeconomic peculiarities, and also characteristics of the implementation of coal mining and processing, would facilitate the research on population interlinks of exposure to dust particles with other CVD risk factors and mechanisms of their pathogenic action. The ultimate objective of such research is to make the personified programme of CVD preventive care considering exposure level and duration to dust particles and co-occurring risk factors.

Carbon black emissions together with diesel engine exhaust cause great harm to the environment. In order to efficiently remove carbon black, catalytically coated particulate filters are used. Kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) of oxidation of carbon black with O₂ and NO_x were examined in thermoprogrammed and isothermal modes on an example of PtPd/MnO_x-Al₂O₃ catalyst. As shown, reproducible kinetic data may be acquired in the isothermal mode assuming the process is carried out in the kinetically controlled region. This information is important to compare oxidizing properties of catalysts in order to improve compositions of catalytic coatings for particulate filters.

Analysis of environmental issues linked to the thermal treatment of ammunition was carried out. An opportunity to purify ventilation emissions from thermal treatment furnace using a sorbent and deep oxidation catalyst was explored. The activity of a series of complete oxidation catalysts based on transition metal oxides, and also platinum and palladium was investigated. It was determined that Pt-Pd/5 % CeO₂-Al₂O₃ catalyst displayed the highest activity. A technology was suggested and a plant to dispose of ventilation emissions from the thermal utilization of sub-standard ammunition (cartridges, casings, and small arms primers) was developed. The technology includes removal of vapours of mercury, lead, nitrogen oxides, and other inorganic impurities from the gases on a sorbent and CO oxidation over a solid catalyst.

Adsorbents and catalysts based on carbon materials used to remove hydrogen sulphide from gases are reviewed. Alongside with traditional carbon-based materials, much attention is paid to using carbon nanotubes and nanofibres to prepare catalysts for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide to sulphur. The efficiency of purification from hydrogen sulphide using catalysts based thereon is much higher, and nitrogen doping of materials substantially improves characteristics of this process. The paper describes three base technologies for hydrogen sulphide removal. They are developed at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences and are based on the use of the fluidized bed of the catalyst for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide and catalysts-sorbents in the fixed bed. The technologies were as follows: 1) treatment of acid gases from amine purification of associated petroleum gas; 2) purifying gases from blowing off sour crude oil, and 3) utilizing oxidation of hydrogen sulphide directly as a component of associated petroleum gas. Efficient carbon catalysts and sorbents are suggested to be used for the second-stage treatment of tail gas from facilities made according to base technologies.

The effect of techniques for introducing Pd into γ-Al₂O₃ from palladium chloride solutions on physicochemical and catalytic properties of PdO(Pd)/Al₂O₃ catalysts was examined. A series of catalysts were investigated by SEM, XPA, BET, XPS, and H2-TPR. As shown, the use of various methods for introducing Pd into alumina granules enables control of active component distribution along the Al₂O₃ granule section. The localization of Pd in a catalyst grain determines the nature of the reduction in H2-TPR and activity in the reaction of deep oxidation of methane, which is connected with a varying degree of the interaction of the active component with the support. The active component is demonstrated to be formed on the granule surface mainly as PdO when using the adsorption-deposition method followed by calcination at a temperature of 1000 °C ensuring high reactivity in the methane oxidation reaction.

The paper presents data for structural-group and component compositions of bitumoid fractions derived upon sequential extraction of brown coal of the Tyulgan deposit with the following solvents: ethanol, n-heptane, and alcohol-benzene. As demonstrated by FT-IR, ¹³C CPMAS NMR, and GC-MS, the resulting bitumen is a multicomponent mixture of compounds mainly consisting of alkanes, fatty alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds found in trace amounts, carboxylic acids, and phenols. Bioactive compounds, such as Lignoceic alcohol, Ceryl alcohol, Behenic alcohol, Ferruginol, β-Amyrin, and Heneicosane, were detected therein.

A new gas-phase process of halogen-free carbonylation of dimethyl ether (DME) into methyl acetate is a promising environmental preparation method of methyl acetate. Bifunctional catalysts with a high concentration of strong Bronsted acid sites, i.e. rhodium-promoted acid cesium salts of phosphotungstic heteropoly acid with the formula Rh/CsxH₃ – xPW₁₂O₄₀ (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2), show the highest activity and selectivity in the carbonylation reaction of DME. Their use in a reducing medium, where there are significant transformations of the catalyst surface area until changing the phase composition, is a distinctive feature of these catalysts. In order to control the activity and selectivity of catalysts in the DME carbonylation reaction, the research on the formation of the active surface of the catalyst was carried out under reaction conditions. The formation of different rhodium carbonyls, such as Rh(CO)+2 and Rh6(CO)16, was detected by FT IR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO on the surface of the in situ reduced Rh/Cs₂HPW₁₂O₄₀ catalyst after filling with CO. The formation of metal particles was identified in case of changing activation conditions. The dependence was found between reduction conditions, the composition of the in situ catalyst surface area with selectivity for methyl acetate. The presence of rhodium metal particles causes C–O bond cleavage in the DME molecule and significantly reduces selectivity for methyl acetate, from 95 to 50 %. Catalysts, on the surface of which there are only rhodium carbonyls under reaction conditions upon a complete lack of trace rhodium metal, showed the highest activity and selectivity for methyl acetate. The acquired results may form the basis for developing a highly active and stable catalyst for an environmentally safe process of halogen-free DME carbonylation.