Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

This article considers the process of transformation of the system of state management of the national economy in the period of globalization. The conclusion about the change of modern management principles in the increasing importance of political processes in ensuring of the country’s competitiveness in the global world is made. This involves the transformation of the objective function of economic policy and the corresponding tools and institutions of governance. The necessity of forming a new direction in the theory of state management of the economy proved on the example of economic sanctions against Russia.

The purpose of the article is to validate the feasibility and expediency of the use of system-synergetic approach to the study of the process of formation of system of lifelong education. In order to achieve this goal, firstly, the essence of the offered methodological approach, describing its basic principles is presented. Secondly, lifelong education is identified as a systemic object from the perspective of general system properties, along with the perspective of the specific properties of self-organizing systems. The application of the proposed methodological approach allows us to characterize the lifelong education system as a systemic whole, revealing the patterns of its evolution as a complex open self-organizing system. It also allows to justify the formation of the new approaches to the management of educational system.

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of economic differentiation of the population on regional development and modernization processes. The research of the economic inequality of the population on the basis of statistical data and social surveys that conducted in the regions of the North-Western Federal District was reviewed. The indicators that reflect the degree of material inequality of the population from 2000 to 2012 are analyzed in article. The study characterizes social groups according to populations’ wealth status, taking into consideration the actual income level among these categories. The study shows a relationship between the modernization level and the magnitude of inequality: the higher is the modernization level, the higher is the degree of income inequality in the region. The article also contains the classification of the regions by the level of modernization of the economy and the degree of socio-economic inequality of the population, which leads to the conclusion that the level of the territory’s modernization, the level of income and the degree of stratification of the population are directly dependent on each other.

The article considers formation of different types of coalitions in the World Trade Organization, special attention is paid to trade-related aspects that are important for already working coalitions. Differences were found in the types of coalitions, the most strengths of coalition unions were identified for negotiations. Certain processes of coalitional diplomacy in the WTO was considered and allowed to make an active participant in the negotiation process any country that aspiring to express and defend its trade interests. Examples and diagrams are given for coalitions with protective and defensive interests in agriculture, as well as the members of these groups are studied in details.

A close correlation between the degree of aridity and biological properties of soils in southern Russia was detected. The number of microarthropoda and microorganisms, humus content, enzyme activity and the integral index of biological state (IIBS) of soils were decreasing with the increasing aridity in the following sequence: chernozem → chestnut soils → light chestnut soils → brown desert-steppe soil. IIBS value variation range for surficial units was 41 %. The difference between the soils increased when biological activity of the whole soil profile was taken into account. In this case the difference in IIBS between the soils increased to 75 %.

Building of man-made industrial complexes in natural landscapes created the necessity to study the changes of the properties of soils, which lost their natural state. The most productive way of monitoring these changes is to study natural–technogenic soil catenas. The article reflects the results of a regional research made by the authors. It provides the characteristics of a representative catena, formed in conditions of technogenesis. The estimation of morphological, physical–mechanical and chemical properties of technogenic surface formations created due to underground coal mining, natural soils and man–made chemozems was given.

The study of iron content in young soils formed on pit heaps of technogenic landscapes allowed diagnosing the soil formation processes occurring there. Monitoring of the content and distribution of various forms of iron in embriozems showed the speed and direction of the soil-forming processes in disturbed ecosystems. It was detected that the ratio of different forms of iron and their distribution in the soil profile can be used as an indicator.

The model of distribution of inorganic substances in the polluted waters of an oligotrophic bog was developed and geomigratory calculations were carried out on the example of the Vasyugan Bog. The inflow of industrial wastewater had affected the TDS level of the bog waters, and the most significant changes of TDS were detected in the top layer about 0.5–1.0 m in thickness. The use of loam as an insulating barrier in the active layer of the bog helps to reduce the negative impact on the waters, but does not provide the preservation of their baseline state on the lower layer.

The data on growth kinetics of the representatives of the genus Streptomyces under the influence of lead, zinc and copper ions was used to show the differences in the functional structure of soil streptomycete complexes in ecotopes with various degrees of heavy metal pollution. We compared streptomycetes obtained from moderately (residential zone, garden patches) and severely polluted soils (traffic zone, industrial area) with streptomycetes taken on the background site. As the result, the former showed higher radial growth rate under the influence of 3 mg/l of metal ions and lower biomass accumulation in liquid medium supplemented with 10 mg/l of Pb²⁺ than the latter.

The article summarizes 27 years of observations on the growth status of Scots pine artificial stands, established after single seed treatment with para-aminobenzoic acid (concentration range: 3.7–18.2 mM). Long–term stimulating effect of PABA on artificial stands’ height growth (up to 47 %) and diameter (up to 42 %) was discovered. By the age of 27 years, self–pruning of the artificial stands increased by 18 %. The possible mechanisms of long-term PABA physiological effect are now being discussed.