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The article is aimed at revealing concrete-historical features of charitable activities in the sphere of library construction in Western Siberia in the late XIX - early XX century. The main objectives include analysis and generalization of the facts revealed by the author and other researchers of charity actions in the specified area; introduction of new sources revealing to the researchers new facts about the previously unknown examples of such activities as well as discovering new names of philanthropists who were active in the sphere of libraries. The author characterizes scale and forms of charity, identifies the names of metropolitan and local philanthropists, who provided material support for the creation and maintenance of libraries; determines their actual contribution to the development of the library network. Based on the analysis of archival and published sources, the author stated that the philanthropy became wide-spread in the region at the turn of XIX-XX centuries. The largest-scale charity was noted for the Tomsk province, mainly due to the activities of an outstanding Siberian educator, publisher and bookseller P.I. Makushin. He was a generous contributor to the creation of libraries and managed to attract metropolitan and local philanthropists to this very important activity. It became possible owing to the establishment of the Society of assistance to creation of rural free libraries and reading-rooms. Four dozens of village libraries were created with the capital left under the will of F.F. Pavlenkov. The well-stocked libraries were established with the money left by D.D. Poluboyarinov. N.M. Chukmaldin, A.I. Tekutiev, V.A. Gorokhov and many others helped to create one or more free libraries, assisting in book acquisition. Sources used by the author convincingly demonstrate that metropolitan and local philanthropists participated in library construction in Western Siberia. The author points to an interesting feature of the professional composition of major philanthropists - many of them were book publishers and booksellers.

Based on the archival materials the article reconstructs the history of Pour la Russie , a periodical published by the Socialist Revolutionaries; analyzes its editorial stuff, team of authors, cooperation with printing houses, distribution and pricing of the newspaper. Pour la Russie supervised by O. S. Minor, V. M. Zenzinov, V. I. Lebedev, E. A. Stalinskiy was the first edition published by the members of Socialist Revolutionary party in Paris after the October Revolution of 1917. This newspaper was designed for foreign readers and aimed at reviewing and analyzing the social and political situation in Russia from the editors’ point of view. However, it was much more popular among Russian emigrants which forced the editorial staff to issue Pour la Russie in two languages: French and Russian. Unfortunately, the conditions of economic instability hampered the implementation of this idea. Thus, the Russian-language version was never published while the French version since September 1920 became an information bulletin. Pour la Russie existed only for two years but the former staff successfully used this experience for editing and publishing the following issues: The Will of Russia and the Days . An attempt to reconstruct the history of Pour la Russie allowed to reveal typical problems the Russian emigrants faced in France after the October Revolution. The main problems were as follows: shortage of money, persistent increase in prices of expendable materials, and lack of demand among potential readers. Any of these factors could lead to transfer of the edition to another country of Europe or its shutdown. Analysis of the archival materials from the fond of editoral board of Pour la Russie helps to understand problems of development of the Russian emigrants’ publishing business in 1919-1921.

The method for determination of the mass concentrations of particulate matter smaller than 1.0, 2.5, 10, and 30 mm suspended in ground air was proposed. The method involves remote lidar sounding of the atmosphere at wavelengths λ = 0.355, 0.532, 1.064, 2.13 μm, recovering the spectral-spatial distributions of aerosol extinction coefficient from the lidar signal, and their converting to the spatial distribution of the mass concentrations of aerosol fractions based on regression relations between optical and microphysical characteristics of the aerosol. To improve the accuracy and stability of the solution of system of lidar equations the choice of calibration constants and the lidar ratio at the wavelengths of the sounding radiation is carried out taking into account the multicollinearity of the spectral aerosol extinction coefficients, which is expressed in the form of multiple regression equation. The regressions were obtained in the framework of World Meteorological Organization’s optical model of urban aerosol under wide variations in model parameters which characterize the particle size distribution and the complex refractive index of the aerosol matter. The numerical experiments on remote laser sounding of the mass concentration of aerosol fractions in the atmosphere have shown the robustness of the proposed method.

New experimental data that confirm episodic occurrence of the correlation of light backscattering lidar signals from a height region of 150–300 km with plasma content in nighttime ionosphere F₂ layer are presented. Analysis results of lidar observation data for 2008–2014 are shown. The conclusion is drawn that these correlations occur when additional sources for ionosphere ionization appear. A hypothesis that the possible mechanism for formation of these signals is the resonance scattering at excited ions of nitrogen atom is under discussion.

The results of the analysis of the radiation regime of Tomsk during the period of smoky haze from forest fires in Siberian region in July 2012 are presented. It is shown that in the presence of a smoky haze the total solar radiation is weakened by 45% on the average, and ultraviolet radiation, by 60–65% in comparison with similar periods with the typical background aerosol level. Parameters of smoky haze aerosol influencing the solar radiation absorption are determined. At strong smoke, the weakening of total radiation reached 70% and almost full weakening of UV radiation was observed.

Results of definition of the radiation balance and its components for Tomsk during 2004–2005 are presented. It is shown that the radiation balance of Tomsk is mainly positive during a year, and has negative values only from November to January. The maximum is observed in June; it made 176 W/m² in 2004 and 167 W/m² in 2005. The minimum is observed in December; it made –26 W/m² in 2004 and –41 W/m² in 2005.

Thermal balance of Tomsk is studied. A heat flux to the soil and an anthropogenic heat flux are calculated. The power contribution of phase transitions of water vapor to the overall thermal balance is estimated. It is shown that the main arrival of heat from March to September occurs at the expense of radiation components (75–100%). From December to February, the arrival of heat occurs generally at the expense of a turbulent heat flux and makes from 40 to 85% of the overall balance. During the autumn period before formation of snow cover, a heat flux from the soil is essential; it increases a turbulent heat flux in the atmosphere. During the warm period, the heat loss is distributed between a turbulent heat flux and heat for water evaporation (50/50%). The contribution of the heat coming into the soil is rather small (no more than 10% of the total loss). In spring, heat losses to snow cover melting appear; they can attain 50% of the total loss in separate months. In winter, the main heat losses fall on the radiation components.

The multiplicative approach to construction of numerical stochastic models of spatial and spatio-temporal fields of daily sums of liquid precipitation is considered. The approach is that the indicator fields of precipitation with the given correlation function and probabilities of precipitation and fields of the daily precipitation with the appropriate correlation function and one-dimensional distribution of probability are independently simulated. A final field is the product of these fields. The results of model verification and the results of research of properties of the statistical characteristics of extreme precipitation are presented.

The migration of heavy metals, the most dangerous contaminants of soil, are analyzed. The analysis of background contamination of soil with heavy metals showed that the invasion of dust haze from the south-western boundary results in increased concentration of Sc, Zn, Ni, Cu, Ca, Sr and Ge in aerosol particles in the dust haze, as compared with the soils of the zone of dust haze. In samples of dust haze aerosol, it was found a small quantity of K, Ti, Ni, V, and Cr, relative to Clarke, indicating a weak migration of these elements in the atmosphere. A strong migration of Co, Zn, Rb, As, and Sr elements in the atmosphere was found. Even more alarming is the accumulation of toxic elements such as Zn, Sb, and As, the content of which is up to ten times higher than Clarke.