Petrogeochemical and isotope-geochronological data are of paramount importance for refining the geologic correlation between weakly exposed magmatites of the Kolyvan'-Tomsk folded zone and Kuznetsk basin. We report data on dike and dike-sill basite complexes of shallow-depth genesis. According to the 40Ar/39Ar age estimates, basites in the Kuznetsk and Gorlovka basins are older than dikes free of xenogenous matter in the Tomsk magmatic area (248.95 ± 1.81-246.2 ± 1.4, 259.1 ± 3.4, and 241.6 ± 2.7-238.0 ± 5.2 Ma, respectively) and are close in petrogeochemistry to basites of the Tashara complex in the Novosibirsk magmatic area. These data suggest the synchronous occurrence of magmatic events related to the Permo-Triassic plume activity within the West Siberian Plate, Siberian Platform, and their southern folded framing.
I.V. Gas'kov, E.G. Distanov, and K.R. Kovalev
Institute of Geology, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 prosp. Akad. Koptyuga, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Pyrite-polymetallic deposits, trace elements, ores, volcanogenic ore formation
Pages: 302-316 Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
Volcanogenic pyrite-polymetallic deposits are widespread in southern Siberia (Rudny Altai, eastern Tuva, northern Baikal region, and western Transbaikalia). They are divided into two groups according to their formation mechanism: volcanogenic hydrothermal (VHMS-type) (Kyzyl-Tashtyg deposit in Tuva; Korbalikhinskoe, Zolotushinskoe, Yubileinoe, and other deposits in Rudny Altai) and volcanosedimentary (SEDEX-type) (Kholodninskoe deposit in the northern Baikal region and Ozernoe deposit in western Transbaikalia). Comparison of major ores and ore minerals during the volcanosedimentary and volcanogenic hydrothermal formation of pyrite-polymetallic deposits showed their significant difference in the spectrum and contents of trace elements. Ores of the VHMS deposits have high concentrations of trace elements as they formed under drastic drop in temperature (as a result of boiling-up of solutions and their mixing with sea water), which caused mass deposition of ore matter and coprecipitation of accompanying elements, including their sorption by crystallizing sulfide minerals. The poorer spectrum and lower concentrations of trace elements in ores of the SEDEX deposits are, on the contrary, related to the rhythmic formation of chemogenic ores from sea-floor brine pools. The reduced amount of endogenic sulfur and gradual reduction of sea water sulfur and its involvement in sulfide formation prevented rapid mass deposition of sulfides and, accordingly, coprecipitation of accompanying elements.
A.D. Khar'kiv, E.F. Roman'ko, and B.M. Zubarev
Central Research Geological Prospecting Institute of Nonferrous and Noble Metals, 129B Varshavskoe shosse, Moscow, 113545, Russia
Keywords: Kimberlites, composition, diamond association, Zimbabwe
Pages: 317-327 Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY, AND MINERALOGY
The composition of kimberlites from the Chingwisi, QK1, and QK2 pipes is considered, and new data on a single operating pipe, River Ranch, are reported. Original calcretized kimberlites of the upper horizons of the Chingwisi pipe are described. Garnets of ultrabasic paragenesis of diamond association are extremely scarce and pyrope-almandine garnets of eclogite paragenesis of the same association are abundant in QK1 and QK2. These garnets can serve as indicators in search for diamond pipes with the use of the heavy-concentrate-mineralogical method. Kimberlite bodies of mobile belts can differ in composition from those of Archean cratons.
The focusing transformation approach is applied to array seismic data to detect scatterers and/or diffractors in wavefields in 3D imaging of complexly structured subsurface. The efficiency of the method is tested in 3D imaging of failure in a consolidated granite intrusion.
A.L. Karchevsky
Sobolev Institute of Mathematics, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 4 prosp. Akad. Koptyuga, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: System of elasticity, layered anisotropic medium, differential matrix Riccati equation
Pages: 338-350 Subsection: GEOPHYSICS
A system of elasticity equations for layered anisotropic media is solved numerically as the differential matrix Riccati equation, with analytical solutions for each layer. The suggested approach differs from the existing counterparts and is applicable to anisotropic media with layers of any anisotropy type.
V.N. Sharapov
Institute of Geology, Siberian Branch of the RAS, 3 prosp. Akad. Koptyuga, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Hot spot, mantle system, dynamics, mass exchange, metasomatism
Pages: 451-461 Subsection: PETROLOGY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY
Mantle-crust fluid systems are associated with zones of decompression melting above hot spots. The place and duration of their development are different at the progressive and regressive stages of the related melting zone (asthenospheric lens or plume). Mass exchange and metasomatism in lithospheric rocks (structure of metasomatic column), including the degree of granitification, are controlled by the structural pattern of permeable zones above the fluid systems. Strong metasomatic alteration of mantle rocks can change their density as much as to make the anomalous high and low densities in the temperature field different from the ρ = f(T, P) functions used in tomographic interpretations. Local melting of metasomatized lithospheric rocks above melting zones (plumes) appears to be quite common to the mantle-crust fluid systems.
G. I. Petrova
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: man, education as a way of being, self-determination as transcendence, educational knowledge, pedagogical anthropology
Introduction. Modern pedagogical and philosophical communities are not always clearly aware of the need for joint research in the field of education. The need for this is determined by the commonality of the subject of philosophy and pedagogy in the field of human self-determination and his/her existential search. The lack of awareness of community is found in the discrepancy of tasks for a specific solution to the problem of self-determination. Thus, the pedagogical task is considered to be the need to develop pedagogical engineering or those practical and specific techniques, the implementation of which could indicate the final and successful solution of self-determination as a stop and completion of this process, when all methodological techniques are implemented and the goal seems to be achieved. Philosophy, on the other hand, justifies education and self-determination as a way of being human and, consequently, as a never-ending process. It is important to focus on the anthropological (not technological) nature of the work of pedagogy, which, basing itself on philosophical and anthropological vision, becomes pedagogical anthropology. These disciplines have a common methodology - a philosophical view of man. The methodology of M. Scheler is proposed, which substantiates education as a way of being a person, and “educational knowledge” (M. Scheler’s term), which initiates his/her being as an ongoing process of self-determination (ideological, spiritual, moral, etc.). The methods of work are also common: existentialism and hermeneutics, problematization and interpretation, theorization and concrete analysis of empirical facts. Discussion. To reveal the specifics of human self-determination in education, it is important to see pedagogical activity from a philosophical perspective, when the word “self-determination” stands for a person in his/her being. Self-determination is based not on a logical, but on an ontological definition of a person, that is, on the characteristics inherent in his/her being. Conclusion. The conclusion is made about the possibility of joint (philosophy and pedagogy) work based on the use of philosophical methodology in substantiating the concept of self-determination in pedagogy. The results of the study can be considered as a methodology for the formation of principles of educational activity.
L. V. Khokhlova
Russian State Professional and Pedagogical University, Nizhny Tagil, Russia
Keywords: state, society, civilization, cultural and historical type, culture, spiritual priorities, course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”
Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of the new educational course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”, which has become mandatory for study in Russian universities since 2023. The interdisciplinary and integrative nature of the discipline is emphasized. The possibilities of the course are explored in the context of the development of a worldview, the formation of values aimed at serving society and spiritual improvement. A review of publications in scientific periodicals discussing the problems identified during the teaching of the new course is made. Methodology. The object of the study was the course “Fundamentals of Russian Statehood”, tested at the correspondence department of the Nizhny Tagil State Socio-Pedagogical Institute. The subject of the study is defined as the educational potential of Russian philosophy of the Silver Age, which is understood in the context of this course as the anthropocentric content of Russian civilization, synthesized with a socio-moral intention. The methodology of theoretical and comparative historical philosophical analysis is applied. Discussion. The educational possibilities of the discipline in its conditioning by history and philosophy are considered. The ontological dominant of the course is emphasized, which justifies the need for philosophical interpretations of the historical originality of Russian civilization. Special attention is paid to the philosophical aspect of understanding the discipline, which is only indirectly included in the course content, but plays an important role in the development of the student’s thinking, allowing him/her to practically master the knowledge gained through comparison, argumentation and systematization. It is proposed to introduce students to the traditions of spiritual priorities in the formation of man and society, known in Russian philosophy. Conclusion. Conclusions are drawn about the ideological significance of this course, which integrates the political, cultural and historical features of Russian spirituality, which form the foundations of modern Russian statehood. The conclusion is emphasized that Russian philosophy is a heritage of world culture, and its study contributes to understanding the spiritual and moral origins of Russian civilization.
The paper is devoted to a new aspect in the study of biological productivity of forest ecosystems on a geographical basis, expressed indirectly by climate parameters. Some features of change of specific net primary production (SNPP) of forest-forming species in Eurasia in the transcontinental gradients are shown for the first time using the voluminous factual material. SNPP represents the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to biomass and is expressed in relative units or percentage (by analogy with the percentage of the current stem volume increment that is used in traditional forest mensuration). An overview of methods and results of studying the percentage of the current stem volume increment and relationships between NPP and biomass involving into SNPP as the numerator and the denominator correspondingly is given. The database on biomass and NPP of forest ecosystems (t/ha) in a number of 920 definitions for 2-needled pines (subgenus Pinus ), 116 - for larches ( Larix Mill.), 480 - for spruce-fir forests ( Picea Dietr., and Abies Mill.) and 230 definitions for birch forests ( Betula L.) on the territory from Britain to South China is compiled. Using multiple regression analysis technique, the statistically significant changes in SNPP of aboveground, underground and understorey biomass according to two transcontinental gradients, namely by zonal belts and continentality of climate, are stated. The age dynamics of different species SNPP has a common pattern of decline with the age of a tree stand, but various quantitative parameters. Regularities of SNPP change according to zonal belts and in relation to the index of climate continentality are statistically significant, but substantial differences between woody species are found, to explain that is not possible yet. Because the term SNPP means «the rate of the transformation of organic substances» or, in other terms, the intensity of nutrient cycling, one apparently must include into the formula for SNPP the current biomass quantity plus all its litter, timber and root falls during the given time period, instead of biomass stock taken from the database formed. However, information on the forest detritus pool is on the level of expert evaluations yet.
