By the results of long-term studuies in the southern mountainous territories of West Siberia, ethological biorhythmological peculiarities of 9 representatives of shrew family that supplement the available scientific information are considered. The questions of importance of circadian rhythms of activitry and behavior of shrews in the support of the possibility of their coexistence in the structure of communities of closely related species are discussed.
Results of studies of the structure of the herd of Holsteinized black-spotted cattle with respect to stress resistence types and milk yield for cows of 4 stress resistence types in the time course of lactation periods across calving seasons are presented. A comparative analysis of the results of studies with respect to stress resistance with the data of other authors for various cattle breeds has been made.
A long-term monitoring of small rodents was carried out in intrazonal (flood-plain) biocenoses that have a considerable importance for the maintenance of biological diversity of background steppe landscapes. During 7 years, the influence of weather regimes and of the spring flood character of a river with a non-regilated runoff on the life activity of floodplain inhabitants
On the example of voles Microtus gregalis and Arvicola terrestris, the change of magnitude of sex differences in the size and shape of skull in natural populations differing in geographical location and the numbers has been demonstrated. Fluctuations of sex differences are associated with morphological variability in both sexes. It is supposed that the variability of the magnitude of the sexual dimorphism is based on unequal morphogenetic reaction of males and females to the acting factor. This is confirmed in experiments on the American mink where it was demonstrated that the same vector of selection (for behavior) can bring about both common and oppositely directed morphological effects in males and females.
The paper overviews experimental and numerical studies of flow and heat transfer in a single spherical cavity. Major structural components of the flow pattern in spherical cavities are discussed. Much attention is paid to the formation mechanism of the tornado-like vortex in the separation flow past cavity. Based on a simultaneous consideration of fluid dynamics and heat transfer, hot problems still existing in this research area are outlined.
P.A. Baranov, S.A. Isaev, A.I. Leontiev, A.V. Mityakov, V.Yu. Mityakov, and S.Z. Sapozhnikov**
Academy of Civil Aviation, St.- Petersburg, Russia *Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia **St.-Petersburg State Polytechnical University, Russia
Pages: 497–508
A retrospective analysis of previous numerical hydrodynamic and heat-transfer studies of vortex flow in the neighborhood of flat-wall dimple is given. For the turbulent flow mode, the approach based on the use of multi-block overlapping computational grids and Menter
A.F. Kurbatsky and L.I. Kurbatskaya*
Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia *Institute of Numerical Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Pages: 509–517
To describe the counter-gradient transport of active (heat) scalar in a shear-free thermally strongly stably stratified flow downstream of a turbulizing grid both a completely differential model of transport for the first- and second-order moments and a completely explicit anisotropic algebraic model of gradient diffusion for active scalar were used. The results of computer modelling show that for a weak stratification the both models give a distribution of vertical heat flux in good agreement with measurement data. For a strongly stable stratification the effect of counter-gradient heat transfer is described only by the model of differential transport equation for the vector of turbulent flux of active scalar. In this case the numerical modelling results agree qualitatively with measurement data.
