Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

The spectra of aerosol samples collected near the Lake Baikal are investigated with the help of synchrotron radiation (SR). It is demonstrated that it is possible to determine the phase composition of real atmospheric aerosol and the oxidation degree of 3d-elements in them by means of XANES and X-ray diffraction using SR.

A method is proposed for the determination of the emission rate of various components by industrial enterprises using the data on spatial-temporal variability of the concentrations of chemical elements or compounds in observation sites remote from sources.

A semi-empirical model is proposed for the description of seasonal changeability of the diurnal variations of the accumulation mode of continental atmospheric aerosol of remote territories. The data of synchronous measurements of diurnal variations of the mass concentration of accumulation mode of AA in winter and in summer are reported, obtained in two observation sites in the Novosibirsk Region, the distance between them being 450 km. Results of calculations according to the theoretical model are in good agreement with the experimental data.

Thermodynamic models of extremal intermediate states (MEIS) are used to describe the features of the formation of nucleating drops and aerosol watering in the atmosphere. Advantages of MEIS in describing phase transitions in multi-component systems are shown. Results of the calculation of the equilibrium (thermodynamically most probable) drop radius are discussed for different ratios of the soluble to insoluble components of the condensation nuclei. The proposed approach allows numerical investigation of the effect of meteorological conditions on microphysical characteristics of haze, clouds and fog. Theoretical substantiation of size distribution of the aerosol of different origin will allow estimating possible anthropogenic effect on optical characteristics of the atmosphere, which are one of the basic climate-forming factors.

Reference-free method of differential dissolution (DD) is used to obtain the data on stoichiometric composition and content of solid phases, including those of variable composition, in the samples of multi-element multiphase atmospheric aerosols. In aerosol sample collected in one of the regions of Novosibirsk, the content of water-soluble fractions (presumably hydrosulphites) of a series of metals was determined, as well as the content of individual calcium phase (presumably carbonate), calcium sulphate phase, and two aluminosilicate phases. In these phases, formed by the major elements comprising aerosol (Si, S, Al, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na), the content of a series of admixture elements was determined. For the alkaline-earth elements as example (Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba), the ratios of these elements was determined in the phases formed by the major elements Mg and Ca, and by microelements Sr and Ba. It is concluded that the possibility to obtain detailed quantitative data on the phase composition of aerosols is essentially important in investigating various aspects linked both with the mechanisms of formation and evolution of atmospheric aerosols and with their effect on the status of environment.

On the basis of analysis of calculations by a hydrodynamic model of atmospheric convective ensemble (LES), various mechanisms of cloud and precipitation formation processes are discussed. The influence of convection on the vertical transportation of aerosols has been studied. Advantages of LES in application to theoretical studies of vertical transport of aerosols in the atmosphere are demonstrated.

Methodical problems and results of analysis of influence of atmosphere pollution on forest-swamp complexes of the taiga zone of West Siberia are considered on the example of emissions of ecologically harmful chemical compounds released during combustion of casing head gas in torches installed in the territory of petroleum-gas deposits. The analysis was carried out using a comprehensive approach based on combination of the sanitary-hygienic and landscape-geochemical methods. A quantitative estimate of the dimensions of the area of landscape units contaminated with discharges of soot and nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere, depending on the burning gas volume and on the threshold level of atmosphere pollution, is given. The studies were carried out using the data on air contamination obtained on the basis of ecological certificates of petroleum deposits in the oil production territory.

A survey of experimental and theoretical methods of the investigation of aerosol pollution of snow cover in the vicinity of man-made sources is performed. On the basis of the formulation of inverse problems of the transport of admixtures in the surface and boundary layers of the atmosphere, a description of the models for the recovery of aerosol precipitation fields for the sources of different types is presented. The results of tests with man-made sources of West and East Siberia are reported. The use of the methods of consequent analysis of the data of monitoring and planning of snow surveys is discussed. The models of optimal decrease in emission from the set of sources are discussed.

A model of long-term pollution of environment by motor transport emission is proposed. The numerical model was tested for the recovery of long-term aerosol pollution of the locality by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, macro-components; the data of strip snow surveys near the Barnaul motorway and the Sovetskoye highway in Novosibirsk are involved. The structural changes of aerosol emission of motor transport during winter seasons of 1998

The major results of investigation of the arsenic pollution of snow cover near the Novosibirsk Tin Plant at the end of winter seasons of the years 1994