In the paper, the relationship between the concepts of forest ecosystems and forest typology units is considered. Principles of their classification are proposed, examples of classification of ecotopes, forest-formation processes, forest types are presented, the quantitative diversity of forest ecosystems in the Sikhote Alin (Primorye) and the main patterns of their time course are shown.
A new map of vegetation of Novosibirsk Oblast (scale 1 : 500 000) has been drawn up using remote methods of study. The structure of the vegetation cover of this region is analyzed as the basis for compilation of the map legend. Phytocoenotic diversity of the natural vegetation cover and the degree of its disturbance are estimated. Fragments of the vegetation map for 3 areas
In the course of long-term studies, the species composition of birds inhabiting artificial nesting places in forest ecosystems in the south of the Sverdlovsk Region, the dependence of population density and structure of hollow-nesting birds on the biotope character and on the level of environment pollution by industrial discharges have been investigated. In artificial nesting places, reproduction of 15 bird species has been observed. The most frequently occurring are pied flycatcher, great tit, coal tit, common redstart, starling and tree sparrow. A dependence of hollow-nesting birds population on natural climatic conditions has been demonstrated. Transition from dark-coniferous mountainous forests of the Middle Ural to northern forest-steppe forests of the Transuralian region is accompanied by an increase of population abundance and a change of the speciers composition and structure of the bird community. Pollution of forest ecosystems by the discharges of the copper-smelting plant leads to a decrease of the total hollow-nesting bird population density and stability, and a considerable change of the community structure. In degraded biotopes, the population density of pied flycatcher and to a smaller degree, that of coal tit decreases, and that of common redstart, on the contrary, increases.
Some parameters of bumble-bee population in urbanized cenoses of the city of Kemerovo and its outskirts were studied. A dependence of the number of bumble-bee species and their relative abundance on the degree of anthropogenic loading has been found. It is established that for the puropse of ecological monitoring in urbanized landscapes one should not take into account the species composition of mass bumble-bee species, because in various cities, even within one climatic zone, it may be different. More promising appears the study of the change of the total number of species, contribution of mass and usual species, presence and numbers of rare species, and the degree of monodominance of bumble-bee communities depending on the anthropogenous loading.
By the data of multiannual censuses, peculiarities of territorial non-uniformity of diurnal butterfly communities of the Central Altai have been elucidated, and the force and commonness of its constraint with environmental factors have been estimated. A comparison of results of a similar analysis of data on the northern, north-eastern and south-eastern provinces is made.
An analysis of floristic similarity between some polygonal communities and their elements with respect to the moisture gradient of the ecotopes (arctic tundra subzone) has been carried out. It was found that the vegetation cover of adjacent microrelief elements was formed as a functionally whole entity. Probably, it is only in plain habitats of the watershed (polygonal tundras) that severe climatic conditions determine a rigorous selection of species.
Species composition of soil algae in forb grass meadows in the territory of the Kolyvan district of the Novosibirsk Region has been described. Change of dominant species in algae groups takes place in various sites of the profile under study. A tendency to increase of mesophily of soil algae down the microcatena has been found. The seasonal changes are characterized by an increase in the number of alga species in spring and autumnal periods.
Lichen synusiae of the main tree types (cedar, spruce, fir, birch) and bushes (acacia, rowan-tree, juniper) are Explored in Sograe Forests of Tomsk region. Descriptions of lichen synusiae are given for different heights of tree trunk and exposures (north and south).
