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The paper researches the issues of how holistic, balanced and coordinated the development of enterprises and the implementation of large investments projects in energy industry, which define the future economies of the units of the Russian Federation, is.

The global climate change is topical for Russia since a significant part of its territory is located in the North - in the permafrost zone affected by the climate change especially strong. The global warming gives a rise to new risks for Northern territories and requires an appropriate state's policy. The paper analyzes the risk and threats for the population and economy, and presents the measures how to ensure the safety for the life and economic activity in the North.

Applying a reproduction approach, the paper researches the methodological issues of municipal administration; the issues concerning the improvement of the management mechanism for the socio-economic development in municipal units; the distribution of powers between regional and municipal governments; and how municipal authorities and businesses may cooperate.

The paper analyses the strong and weak aspects of the methods applied to the ratings assessment, and puts forward the idea of applying an adapted technique of how to evaluate the potential of multidimensional objects to consumers' cooperation organizations as they are of this type. The technique based on such mathematical apparatus allows obtaining the independent estimates of how effectively an entity operates.

The paper analyses the financial, economic and legal approaches to the pilot project on better crediting the owners of private farms in the regions of the Siberian Federal District and it presents the output obtained by the implementation of the project. The paper describes the lending algorithms and mechanisms where crediting is partially realized by local authorities and enterprises, and the mechanisms of public insurance for the commercial lending institutions engaged in financing the pilot project.

The paper shows how the executive federalism in Germany has transformed into the federalism of division of powers between the federal center and land governments in the result of the reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the mechanisms provided financial equalization of lands and municipalities and existed in the pre- and after-reform periods. The paper shows the reasons of  the German public and lands' debts. The authors conclude that the reform of intergovernmental fiscal relations may further go in the way of strengthening positions of the federal center in all spheres.

The paper analyses how the JEREMIE fund initiative is profitable and enhances the functioning of micro and small enterprises engaged in JEREMIE fund. Particularly profitable are aspects connected with providing these enterprises with equity capital (i.e. Business Angels, Venture Capital) as well as with the theoretical possibilities connected with reducing the financial risk by over regional institution guarantees.

In this work we consider an experimentally observed effect of significant increasing of the residual heat in metal targets at their irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses in an ambient gas in respect to the vacuum conditions. Numerical modelling of heating of a platinum target by femtosecond laser pulses in argon under normal conditions has been performed taking into account gas breakdown in the focussing region of the laser beam in front of the target. The applied model is based on a combination of a thermal model describing heating and phase transitions in irradiated samples and a hydrodynamic model to describe motion of the ambient gas perturbed by laser irradiation as a result of multiphoton ionization. The hot ambient gas is shown to heat efficiently the irradiated sample. The hydrodynamic processes in the ambient gas play an important role in heating.

The mathematical model of water vapor condensation was developed for the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. This model describes a chain of reactions providing formation and decay of water clusters with consideration of accompanying energy transfer processes. One-dimensional expansion of water vapor into vacuum from an evaporating spherical surface was studied numerically within the range of parameters, corresponding to the flows transitional by the Knudsen number. The influence of condensation on the gas-dynamic pattern of the flow, including the parameters of the Knudsen layer, is discussed.

Gas-dynamic mechanisms of the shock-wave structure restructuring is investigated in a transonic flow around an airfoil at a pulsed-periodic energy supply. It is shown that it does not reduce only to the effects of the low-density wake forming behind the energy source on the shock wave but represents a combination of several factors, of which the "explosion" character of the disturbance development is determining.