E.K. Derunov1, V.F. Volkov2, A.A. Zheltovodov3, A.I. Maksimov4 1 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 3 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, zhelt@itam.nsc.ru 4 Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: shock waves, turbulent boundary layer, viscous-inviscid interaction, separated zones, flow topology, aerodynamic interference, Euler equations
Pages: 13-36
The results of experimental and numerical investigations of the peculiarities of flow around two identical cylindrical bodies of revolution of diameter D = 50 mm and the body aspect ratio λ = 5 with conical forebodies whose apex angles are θ = 40° and 60°, which are located above a horizontal surface in parallel with one another and with the flow, are presented for the Mach numbers М∞ = 4.03, Reynolds numbers Re1 ≈ 55⋅106 m−1, fixed distance from the surface Y = Δy/D = 0.96, and the gaps between their axes Z = Δz/D =1.06−2.4. The peculiarities of three-dimensional turbulent separated flows realizing on the bodies and on the plate as well as the possibilities of predicting the aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the bodies on the basis of numerical computations within the framework of the Euler equations are considered.
YU.A. Mokin
State Rocket Center Makeyev Construction Bureau, Miass, Russia, src@makeyev.ru
Keywords: hypersonic flow, body of revolution, small variations of surface, angle of attack, rolling moment
Pages: 37-42
The influence of small attack and sweep angles on the rolling moment variation at a supersonic flow around the bodies close to the bodies of revolution is considered. Based on the method of the differential hypothesis of locality the integral expressions are obtained for the derivatives of the rolling moment coefficient with respect to the attack and sweep angles. The norm of these derivatives is defined and the estimates for the norm are obtained.
The rate and amplitude of compliant coating deformation by turbulent pressure pulsations were calculated. Complex compliance determined by a 2D model has two components: along and across the coating. Dependence of the components of dimensionless compliance on the wavelength ⎯ coating thickness ratio was determined for 0.3 < λ/H < 30 and dependence of these components on the ratio of flow velocity to velocity of wave propagation was determined for 0.1 < V/C < 10. Deformation amplitude and rate of surface displacement for the hard compliant coatings which can be used in practice were calculated within the range of 5-55 m/s for the water and air turbulent flow. The effects of the loss tangent and Poisson's ratio of the coating material were also studied. It is shown that the mean-square displacement of their surface does not exceed the thickness of a viscous sublayer. However, the velocity of surface motion is comparable with velocity pulsations in a boundary layer near a wall. This can be a reason for drag reduction on a compliant wall. The calculated value of ratio between energy absorbed by the wall and energy dissipated within the flow because of drag was 10−4 for water and 10−6 for air. This estimate does not confirm the hypothesis explaining drag reduction by energy takeoff from the flow.
Results on visual studies of the flow structure in case of the round submerged jet in a narrow channel are presented. These studies were carried out for the laminar and turbulent flows. The typical large-scale structures and zones of intensive turbulent mixing were identified in the flow.
O.B. Bocharov1, I.G. Telegin2 1 Institute for Water and Environmental Problems SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2 Scientific, Research, and Design Institute "KogalymNIPINeft", Tyumen, Russia, igtelegin@yandex.ru
Keywords: nonstatioanry nonisothermal filtration, stationary solutions, asymptotic behavior of solutions, nonisothermal filtration
Pages: 61-67
The structure of solutions of a stationary nonisothermal problem of the two-phase filtration of immiscible fluids is studied numerically. The character of the convergence of nonstationary solutions to stationary ones is investigated. It is shown that at different parameter values the solution may have an interval, where s(x) ≡ 0 or s(x) ≡ 1. The temperature effect on the structure of the solutions of the equation for water saturation is investigated.
Formation of rivulets on the surface of non-isothermal water film falling vertically over the heaters with different sizes and boundary conditions was studied experimentally. The distances between rivulets were measured depending on Reynolds number, heat flux density and film path (a distance between the lower edge of a film-former nozzle and the measurement point of film flow characteristics). The breakdown of solitary waves at liquid film heating was revealed. Four zones of film path influence on rivulet formation were distinguished.
The investigation of the sedimentation of particles of a dense polydisperse suspension in the plate centrifuge was carried out based on numerical simulation. It was shown that the reason for the nonmonotone behavior of the sedimentation velocity dependence on particle size is the action of different mechanisms of the particles interaction. The appropriateness of the formula for measuring the sedimentation velocity of particles of a dense polydisperse suspension in the plate centrifuge was examined.
The processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave of moderate amplitude were studied experimentally in water with bubbles of nitrogen - carbon dioxide mixture at different initial static pressures in the medium and surfactant concentrations. It is shown that these bubbles do not affect significantly the processes of solution and hydrate formation behind a shock wave during the considered periods. The hypothesis about partial hydration of nitrogen from the gas mixture at intense formation of carbon dioxide hydrate was suggested for the conditions, when the pressure behind the wave is less than the equilibrium pressure of nitrogen hydrate formation at a given temperature.
The computer model of the initial stage of condensation processes is developed. The stochastic processes of adsorption, surface diffusion, and desorption occur on the 70×70 lattice of adsorption vacancies. The model was tested by an example close to water vapor sorption on a conventional crystal surface. Computed results demonstrate the processes of nucleation, growth of crystals, and developed condensation. Computations were carried out for various adsorption energies. Results showed that with decreasing energy of adsorption the character and rate of nucleation and subsequent condensation vary. With decreasing energy of adsorption the probability of nucleation of islets on substrate reduces, the filling of the next atomic layers on islets occurs earlier than the filling of the substrate, the growth rate of islets in height increases as compared to condensation of a continuous film, and the growth rate of area of islets decreases. There is a typical energy of adsorption at which the growth rate of islets in height reaches its maximum. At a further drop of adsorption energy, there is a growth of islets only in height, the growth rate, however, reduces. The phenomena revealed in computations illustrate the mechanism of origin of columnar and filamentary crystals.
It has been experimentally proved that heat transfer at boiling appears to be the problem with the conjugated boundary conditions. Heat transfer and critical heat fluxes at boiling depend both on physical properties of the boiling liquid and on the number of characteristics of the heat transferring wall. Various experimental data of the problem of boiling liquid with various physical properties have been analysed. To eliminate or minimize influence of the properties of the cooled wall on the value of critical heat transfer, the data obtained at boiling on the thick cooled wall only from the stainless steel or nichrome are considered. To eliminate effect of capillary forces specific linear size of heat transferring wall satisfied the condition