Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

A brief overview of tasks that require information about the energy characteristics of rains, as well as methods for obtaining this information, is given. A technique is described for determining the kinetic energy transferred by hydrometeors based on the microstructural characteristics of precipitation obtained using the optical precipitation gauge OPTIOS. The methodology usage is illustrated with measurement data of the heavy rainfall that fell in Tomsk on July 22, 2023. The influence of various microstructural parameters on the amount of kinetic energy brought by raindrops to the underlying surface is analyzed. The comparison is made with the values obtained by simplified methods. It is concluded that the capabilities of the optical precipitation gauge allow it to be successfully used in solving tasks that require an accurate assessment of the energy characteristics of rainfall.

A new method for assessing the reliability of small computing systems that allows the generation of only small samples of operational data is proposed in the article. The result of applying the technique is the posterior failure distribution density, on the basis of which various reliability indicators can be calculated. The methodology consists of two stages: the first is the preparation of operational data, including detection of failures using machine learning methods, and the second is the construction of the failure distribution density using the adapted Rosenblatt-Parzen method. Increasing the efficiency of estimates using the proposed method is achieved by taking into account censored data, compensating for the shift of failure distribution densities and finding the optimal smoothing parameter.

The paper is devoted to the urgent problem of increasing the effectiveness of digital transformation mechanisms in the sphere of general education, aimed at improving the efficiency of functioning of general educational organizations. The analysis of normative legal acts regulating state regulation in the field of information technology application in education, domestic and foreign literature devoted to digital transformation of the economy and society as a whole has been carried out. The main directions of digital transformation of education were analyzed. The lack of elaboration of the issues of digital transformation of general education along with a large number of publications related to higher education institutions is noted. The main technological transformations preceding the current stage of introducing end-to-end technologies in the sphere of general education in the Russian Federation are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of digital transformation of general education management. The problems of introducing end-to-end technologies in the sphere of general education management are considered against the background of the acute need to master new technologies and the transition of the economy to a new stage of development. The tasks of digital transformation of education have been studied and the analysis of the reasons hindering the introduction of modern digital technologies has been carried out, which allowed us to identify the need to update not only the methods of conducting the educational process with the use of digital educational content, but also to qualitatively change the management system of a modern educational organization. The study showed that the digital transformation of general education cannot take place without state regulation and research in the field of correlation between the classroom and digital component. Recommendations on the implementation of projects in the system of general education are given, which allow to eliminate the duplication of management functions, reduce the cost of software development and implementation at different levels of education management.

The purpose of the article is to establish the principles of organizing the light industry and adjacent sectors of the Russian economy in the context of mobilization activities in the economy, in order to ensure the uninterrupted supply of products to meet the needs of the troops within the framework of the state order. Methods. The industry analysis is carried out under two main assumptions: a) the industry should be reformed, on the terms of public-private mobilization partnership (PPMP); b) relations between the light industry and related economic sectors should be built on the terms of an inter-industry syndicate (cluster, strategic alliance). The assessment of the stability of companies in the light industry sector is carried out on the basis of a matrix aggregate calculator (MAC). The return on equity of companies is analyzed using the DuPont formula. Results. Based on the simulation results, it is shown that the industry maintains economic stability provided that three basic conditions are met: a) it maintains an irreducible net profitability at the level of 5-7 %; b) forms an irreducible turnover of its assets at the level of 1.5 times a year; c) is credited by the state under the supplier’s factoring scheme, which gives a level of financial leverage of about 1.6. All this together should lead to a return on industry equity (ROE) of about 20 % per annum, which guarantees a rapid attraction of private capital to the industry, with the issuance of additional state guarantees for capital protection (a real option for business). Discussion. A more detailed modeling of sectoral economic stability requires the correct selection of modeling factors by groups: Threats, Opportunities, BSC, Risks, Chances, Decisions. A special modeling of the industry corporate culture is needed, using the approaches of related specialties. Conclusion. The GFMP principle guarantees the sustainable functioning of the Russian economy in the conditions of a period of maximum and medium levels of response and high readiness. The conventional wisdom that it is possible to ensure the sovereignty of the country by keeping the peacetime economy in the rear is untenable.

The environmental aspect of business activities is considered in the vast majority of cases as an element of corporate social responsibility or as part of the social function of enterprises. Within the framework of this study, the goal was set to justify the feasibility of identifying the actual environmental function of business and to reveal its role and content. Such a step will allow, if necessary, to analyze it in isolation from the general social vector of development of private enterprises based on a separate concept. To achieve the goal, four tasks were consistently solved. Firstly, the essence and importance of the “green” transition within national economies is revealed. Secondly, evidence is provided of the priority of the process of greening business structures in comparison with other vectors of growth of the Russian “green” economy. Thirdly, the main provisions of the theory of environmentally oriented business are formulated on the basis of the concept of corporate social responsibility. Fourthly, the concept and components of the “green” function of business at the present stage are revealed.

The article presents the characterization of new approaches and technologies in congress and exhibition activities. As a result of the conducted research of a number of scientific sources, the author’s approach to the systematization of innovations in congress and exhibition activities is presented, which provides their division into four main groups: technological, communication, sustainable, organizational innovations. Characteristics and possibilities of the most relevant innovations from the point of view of increasing the efficiency of congress and exhibition activities are presented. The methodology for successful realization of new approaches and technologies in congress and exhibition activity in Russia is offered.

The article analyzes the policy of the Central Bank of Russia in three aspects: setting the key rate, the low level of monetization of Russia’s GDP and determining the causes of inflation. The transition of the Bank of Russia from a liberal to an ultra-liberal policy is proved, expressed in the policy of targeting inflation, the floating exchange rate of the ruble and the liberalization of cross-border capital flows. The logical error of the Central Bank in determining the consequences of raising the key rate is shown. It rises to stop the inflation of demand, and thus causes the inflation of production costs. As a result, the opposite effect is achieved - an increase in inflation. The same process is facilitated by maintaining a low level of GDP monetization and incorrectly determining the causes of inflation in Russia, which is non-monetary in nature in the country. The author concludes that in its policy of expensive money, the Central Bank relies more on political factors than economic ones.

This article is devoted to the contribution to the analysis of the balance sheet of one of the famous scientists in the accounting - Nikolai Alexandrovich Blatov. Being a model of flows of three types values, «Blatov’s Square» illustrates the boundaries of balance sheet as an enterprise model. Half of the requirements, noted by Blatov for checking the correctness of the balance, are subjective and cast doubt on the possibility of drawing up the correct balance sheet. Blatov is one of the first authors who presented algorithms for balance analysis techniques and formalized analytical procedures, calling it «economic analysis». These methods remain relevant. The calculation of turnover and liquidity indicators proposed by the author may complement the methods of modern practice. An assumption was made about the relevance of using knowledge of the balance studies in modern conditions. Based on the study of Blatov’s works, it can be concluded that to a greater extent it is advisable to internal rather than external users to apply his ideas for the enterprise analysis.

Based on the results of existing research and the empirical data obtained by the author, a number of conclusions have been made about the nature and degree of influence of the labor organization factor (labor force, actually living labor) on productivity and labor intensity in industries/sectors of the US economy. This analysis covers the period from 2010 to 2022, when the American economy, subject to an extremely high degree of servization, entered the stage of “re-industrial turn”, formed on the basis of a new sixth technological structure, characterized, in addition to technological innovations, by a significant increase in the role of a person - a qualified worker with creative content of work. Based on the results of regression analysis, the grouping of industries/sectors of the US economy according to the elasticity of productivity and intensity depending on the indicators of labor organization in American companies, expressed through the corresponding regression coefficients, allowed us to draw conclusions about the ambiguity in the nature and significance of the influence of the sought factor on the explained variables. Currently, a number of American industries are forced to use extensive forms of labor organization, in particular to increase the actual hours worked, in order to maintain profitability and competitiveness, despite increasing social costs. The identification of four groups of sectors of the American economy according to this criterion indicates a change in the structural policy of the United States, characterized by a sectoral focus in the field of stabilization and increasing productivity growth rates due to the organizational factor.