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Weather conditions are a natural limitation of the use of remote lidar sensing methods of the atmosphere, while the direct method based on an aerological aerosol backscattersonde has no such limitations, and these methods are close in physical principles of measurement. The creation of an all-weather stratospheric aerosol monitoring system can be based on the combination of direct and remote observation methods; however, their consistency should be experimentally confirmed. The results of a lidar-aerological experiment on atmospheric sounding at altitudes of 7-50 and 0-30 km using a ground-based lidar and an aerosol backscattersonde (AZOR), respectively, are presented. The experiment was conducted in Tomsk on March 15-16, 2023. Vertical profiles of backscattering coefficients of radiation from sources with close wavelengths were measured: ground-based 532 nm (in lidar) and balloon-based 528 nm (in AZOR). The obtained consistency of lidar and balloon measurements indicates the possibility of using AZOR as a mobile tool to complement lidar measurements in the case of clouds. The combination of direct and remote sensing of the atmosphere with the aim of improving the quality of measurements in studies of the aerosol composition of the atmosphere is discussed. The possibility of extending two wave (355 and 532 nm) lidar observations by direct measurements of AZOR with an additional set of wavelengths (470, 528, 850, and 940 nm) is shown.

The paper presents an algorithm based on a convolutional neural network with a modified U-Net architecture for detecting cloud formations in satellite images. Multispectral satellite images obtained from the MSU-GS instrument installed at Arktika-M No 1 satellite are used as input data. The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated using machine learning metrics and comparing the results with reference masks compiled by manual decryption of the satellite images by an experienced decoder specialist. In addition, a comparison with similar products based on data of the SEVIRI and VIIRS instruments was conducted. For areas illuminated by the sun, the cloud mask obtained by the proposed algorithm has an accuracy of 92% compared to the reference mask, and for areas not illuminated by the sun, the accuracy is 89%.

To improve the accuracy of weather and climate forecasts, a deeper understanding of atmospheric processes and phenomena, which are determined, among other things, by high-level clouds (HLCs), is required. The experimental results on polarization laser sensing of high-level clouds are presented. The data of systematic (from December 2009 to present) lidar measurements performed with the high-altitude matrix polarization lidar developed at the Tomsk State University are combined. Optical (backscattering phase matrix, optical depth, and scattering ratio) and geometric (lower and upper boundary altitudes and vertical thickness) characteristics of clouds are determined from the lidar measurements. The dataset is supplemented with corresponding vertical profiles of meteorological quantities (temperature, relative and specific humidity, and wind direction and speed) obtained from radiosonde observations and ERA5 reanalysis. The frequency of lidar detection of HLCs and those of them which are characterized by the preferred horizontal orientation of non-spherical ice particles is estimated. The results were combined into a database and used to create a software product based on neural networks to retrieve the dependencies between the atmospheric meteorological parameters and HLC optical characteristics. The database can be used for various training options in solving problems of atmospheric optics including independent ones.

We present the results of trajectory analysis of multi-year measurements of organic (OC) and elemental (EC) carbon in aerosols sampled on quartz filters from a height of 300 m at ZOTTO station. The EC and OC concentrations were determined by the thermo-optical method. The obtained time series were supplemented with the HYSPLIT backward trajectories. As a result the CWT and PSCF functions were calculated on a grid of 150 ´ 250 cells covering the geographical area 30 ´ 20° with the center in Zotino. These functions characterize the intensity of potential sources of carbon-containing aerosols for a given cell. The results allow us to identify the areas with the strongest organic and elemental carbon emissions and to estimate the seasonal variability of these emissions. In particular, in summer, the main sources of OC and EC are located to the east of Zotino, in the Podkamennaya Tunguska River region, and are most likely associated with forest fires. During the cold seasons, the sources of aerosol carbon dominate in the southwestern part of the geographical area under study, where large cities are located and the bulk of the population is concentrated. It is shown that regression analysis of CWT functions of organic and elemental carbon allows one in some cases to determine the dominant type of sources of carbonaceous aerosols. Our results can be used for estimation of aerosol radiative forcing in Siberia.

Using data from experimental studies in a desertified area and in a wind channel, patterns of vertical distribution of saltating particles in a wind-sand flux have been established, which are necessary for understanding the dynamic and electrical processes in a wind-sand flux. Investigation of the influence of wind velocity in the surface air layer on the vertical distribution of saltating particles in a windsand flux in a desertified area has been carried out. A piecewise exponential approximation of vertical particle concentration profiles with a wind speed-independent height scale and a logarithmic concentration gradient in the lower saltation layer is proposed. Using measurements in the wind channel of saltation particle flux profiles, the dependences of the thickness of the lower saltation layer and the height scale for the mass flux of particles in the lower saltation layer on the size of the saltation particles in the range from 100 to 800 mm are obtained. It is shown that the results of determining the parameters of the windsand flux in the desertified area and in the wind channel are consistent with each other. Our results can be used for modeling the dynamics of wind-sand flux.

In recent years, Russia has undergone a new set of significant transformations, marked by heightened tensions in its relations with the “collective West” and the consequential imposition of sanctions, disrupting vital Western investments and export-import operations. To partially counterbalance this, the nation pivoted towards the East and endeavored to establish a self-sufficient (“sovereign”) economy. The addition of six new constituent entities to Federative Russia, four of which have been subject to the special military operation for two years, has created a scenario where the restoration and renewal of production and infrastructure facilities heavily rely on federal financial material resources. Simultaneously, the accelerated development of defense industry enterprises and facilities in the Arctic zone has led to the concentration of economic and infrastructural potential in select regions, exacerbating depopulation and “desertification" in vast territories. Despite efforts, regional policy, as noted by authoritative scientists, struggles to act as a systemic regulator for spatially mediated reality changes. We, without aiming to cover all aspects and negative consequences comprehensively, pose five key questions for consideration: (1) why recent Russia should be perceived as “‘a different country," (2) the aspirations and adaptability of state regional policy to these altered realities, (3) the implications of the policy of point localization of the country’s potential, (4) the repercussions of the lack of territorialization in federal and regional budgets, and (5) an examination of how scholars address regional policy issues in their latest works.

This article explores the challenges in collaboration between science and business within the context of innovation ecosystems, using the Siberian Federal District as a case study. A comparative analysis of research, innovation, and technological development across the district’s regions is conducted. The proposed positioning scheme places each region on a coordinate system representing scientific and technological potentials, reflecting their capacity for knowledge and innovation creation, as well as their ability to utilize and commercialize scientific advancements. The findings reveal distinct categories of regions: leaders with well-developed and balanced ecosystems (Novosibirsk and Tomsk Oblasts), regions with higher scientific potential than technological potential (Irkutsk and Omsk Oblasts, Krasnoyarsk Krai), regions with greater technological development than scientific capacity (Altai Krai, Kemerovo Oblast), and problematic territories (Altai, Tyva, and Khakassia Republics). The study advocates for the necessity of expanding both intra- and interregional interactions horizontally, fostering the exploration of new combinations of regional abilities and opportunities to enhance the sustainability and balance of ecosystems at different levels. The development of an innovation ecosystem in biopharm technologies is presented as an illustrative example of successful interactions among ecosystem participants. Furthermore, the research highlights the increasing role of state in shaping diverse ecosystem development models. It underscores the need for support forms and tools to consider regional nuances, emphasizing a significant expansion of the responsibilities of regional and local authorities.

This article explores the evolution of research within the Novosibirsk School of Economic Sociology (NSES) focused on analyzing social issues related to territorial development, spanningfrom the early 1960s to the present. It elucidates the logical progression and NSES’s key developmental stages, as observed in the works of its founders, successors, and contemporary researchers. The authors examine the consistent transformation of both the scope of the issues investigated and the sociological methodologies employed by the NSES. The research scope, initially centered around studies on rural-urban migration and rural settlement typology, expanded to encompass urbanization processes, population spatial mobility, and, eventually, a comprehensive investigation into the socio-territorial structure of Soviet and Russian society. The article highlights enduring characteristics of the NSES evident across generations of researchers dedicated to spatial mobility and socio-territorial structure studies. These traits include the systematic approach applied to task formulation and research project design; utilization of complementary data sources; conceptual independence from political mainstream perspectives, allowing researchers to draw conclusions that may not align with government policies; a commitment to employing the latest tools for collecting and analyzing sociological data; and a steadfast aspiration for global contextual integration.

The article delves into an analysis of the inaugural conference on the study of productive forces of the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR, convened in Leningrad from April 1 to 10, 1934. Drawing insights from the conference’s published materials, the authors provide a comprehensive overview of participant demographics, sections, discussed issues, and underscore the pivotal outcomes. Through an examination of the socio-economic landscape, we elucidate the conference’s role in steering the development of the republic’s productive forces. Despite regional constraints such as geographical remoteness, sparse population, challenging climatic conditions, and economic disparities across zones, the recommendations arising from the conference, coupled with subsequent political decisions, facilitated the transformation of the agrarian republic into a prominent industrial hub in the eastern part of the country. The significance of a holistic approach to addressing issues of productive force placement and territorial organization is particularly emphasized.

We consider the environment of a specific territory as a regulatable entity, necessitating the formulation of a tailored set of methods and measures for predicting and controlling eco-economic interactions within the region. This approach is vital for steering the region towards sustainable development. Our article focuses on laying out the conceptual foundation for forecasting the environmental implications associated with developing a regional economy amidst contemporary environmental challenges. Given the inherent long-term nature of addressing environmental issues and their intricate connection with the economic and social characteristics of regions, we recognize the need for an environmental protection strategy. This strategy, and the search for effective implementation methods, constitute a crucial aspect of regional studies. Our research methodology hinges on the ideology of strategizing and programming concerning both ecological and economic development for the region. The sustainability of territorial economic systems strongly correlates with the quality of the management system, primarily influenced by environmental policy. Our proposed approach to forecasting the environmental consequences of regional economic development outlines four key research stages. Each is designed to yield specific outcomes, facilitating a systematic analysis of the root causes of environmental challenges within a particular territory. This includes accounting for potential negative consequences and identifying tools for resolution. By introducing these conceptual frameworks for forecasting regional environmental protection activities, our research enables a comprehensive assessment of the environmental landscape. This, in turn, supports more well-informed management decisions in the environmental domain.