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The paper presents data from a comprehensive study of granitoids identified in the Mayorka intrusion that is located in the western part of the Altai Mountains. It is shown that the massif is composed of rocks of four intrusive phases, the age of these rocks ranges from 391 to 372 Ma, and the intrusion of the main volume of granitoids dates back to a relatively short interval of 386-384 Ma. The massif contains rocks of two geochemical types. The first type is differentiated calc-alkaline granite-leucogranites with near-clark contents of high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements: ɛ_Nd( T ) = + 4.3…+ 4.5 and δ¹⁸O V-SMOW = +10.7…+11.2 ‰. The second is alkaline and moderately alkaline A-type alyaskites, strongly enriched in high-field-strength elements and rare earth elements, having ɛ_Nd( T ) + 5.3 and δ¹⁸O V-SMOW = +11.6 ‰. Granitoids of the first group are of crustal source, while the rocks of the second group contain a significant portion of mantle material. The near-simultaneous introduction of these melts to the level of formation of the intrusion causes their interaction and the formation of hybrid magmas. Low crystallization temperatures of granitoids (<700 °C) and the presence of syngenetic melt and fluid inclusions in most rock varieties indicate a high fluid saturation of the melts. The abundance of leucogranites, whose geochemical characteristics cannot be explained from the standpoint of shallow differentiation of primary magmas, indicates the leading role of fluid-magmatic interaction processes in the formation of high-silica magmas.

We summarize the results of geological, geochronological and petrochemical studies of the intrusive complexes of West Sayan, and on their basis analyze the scales, formation sequence, petrochemical characteristics and geodynamic environments of the formation of granitoid and gabbroid complexes. Geochronological data indicate that the formation of intrusive complexes (granitoids and gabbroids) of West Sayan ranged within 580-370 Ma at several age levels and in various geodynamic environments: island-arc - 580-570, 550-520 Ma, accretion-collision - 505-450 Ma, transform-shear of continental margins - 440-430 Ma, and active continental margin - 425-370 Ma. According to petrochemical characteristics, we distinguish the rocks of tholeiitic, calc-alkali and subalkaline series among the studied granitoid complexes. The study of xenogenic zircons from granitoid and gabbroid complexes indicate the age range of 650-440 Ma. Several age clusters are distinguished (~ 645, ~ 570, 555-520, 505-475, 455-440 Ma); this indicates heterogeneous composition of the West Sayan crust and participation of the Late Riphean, Vendian - Early Cambrian and Ordovician crust sources in granite formation.

This work is set out to summarize, analyze and revisit results of the geothermal studies carried out in Northeast Russia. A catalog of measured heat flow values has been compiled, and on its basis a map of the region’s heat flow distribution has been constructed. Geodynamic activity of the tectonic structures in Northeast Russia, their thermal regime in which the heat flow is a critical indicator, is largely determined by the interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates and smaller-order plates located in the northeastern part of the Asian continent. The areas of interaction between the Eurasian and North American lithospheric plates are marked by the Arctic-Asian seismic belt, which is characterized by intense orogenesis, modern volcanism, active seismicity, diverse geothermal regimes, and large heterogeneity of measured heat flow values. On the Chukotka Peninsula, the helium isotope method was used to estimate heat flow values. It is proposed to consider the class of geodynamic activity of tectonic structures as one of the factors of the geothermal regime.

This research focuses on analyzing landslides triggered by a moderate earthquake ( M_w = 4.9) in the northeastern region of the Mila province, which resulted in significant damage and economic losses in the El Kherba district and Grarem Gouga city. Through an extensive field-based investigation, a comprehensive inventory of landslides has been compiled. To assess the susceptibility to landslides triggered by seismic activity, a GIS-based fuzzy logic model was employed. The model incorporates various input factors, such as lithology, slope angle, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), distance from rivers and roads, precipitation, and seismic hazard, which is shown on a map. The study compares the performance of different fuzzy operators and gamma values and determines that using fuzzy gamma operators with a gamma value of 0.8 yields a satisfactory consistency with the distribution of landslides. Moreover, incorporating the map of seismic hazard as a causative factor enhances the accuracy of landslide susceptibility mapping. This study underscores the utility of the fuzzy logic model in disaster management and the planning of development activities.

The efficiency of the taxation system largely influences the economic development of any state. This article examines the problem of reforming the modern taxation system in the Russian Federation in view of the problems and shortcomings it has. The authors, based on an analysis of statistical data and materials from consulting agencies, has established that the tax burden on the economy in the Russian Federation exceeds the world average, as well as the indicators of most of the closest economic partner countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union. In addition, the modern taxation system in the Russian Federation imposes a significant tax burden on business, which hinders its progressive development in the medium and long term. Also, the modernization of the Russian taxation system is also necessary due to the construction of a digital economy, which requires automation of tax withholdings and effective control over tax accruals. It is concluded that the current Russian taxation system requires its optimization by reducing individual taxes and introducing a single tax on turnover and consumption, which will reduce individual taxes and replace them with a single tax that could be effectively used as part of the development of the digital economy.

This study examines the issue of the impact of digitalization on the intellectual property management system. The authors note that intellectual property, digital economy, and international cooperation will become key factors determining the socio-economic growth of economic entities and the country as a whole. The results of the study are divided into three key sections, providing theoretical and practical aspects. The first section examines the essence of intellectual property management. Authors presented the main approaches to defining the categories of “intellectual property” and “intellectual property management”. This section also includes a chart that represents level of funding of innovation activities by country, as innovation is a fundamental aspect of intellectual property. In the second section, the authors paid special attention to the issues of digitalizing the intellectual property management system. This section presents an analysis of official global statistical data, as well as data from the Russian Federation, which helped to identify the reasons for the heterogeneous contribution of innovation development to global progress. In the third section, the authors examined the risks associated with intellectual property management. They illustrated and described the main risk areas in the intellectual property system. The conclusion highlights that effective intellectual property management will enable organizations to adapt to the evolving relationships emerged due to the growth of the digital economy.

The article examines the concept of social responsibility of business structures in the service sector as a component of social sustainability. The article reveals the content, the main parameters, and a set of measures, the nature of which is determined by the level of development of the organization in the context of large and small businesses. An approach to understanding social responsibility in the service sector is argued, including the specifics of consumer cooperation activities, the main categories and directions of the social component.

In the context of digitalization, it is becoming relevant to search for approaches to the choice of management strategies for business structures of regional importance. The purpose of the study is to analyze the implementation of approaches to managing entrepreneurial ecosystems in the regions of Russia using the example of a sample of 200 ecosystems and to determine the choice of management strategies in the implementation of the digital transition. As a result, we propose criteria for identifying applied strategies in ecosystems, which determine the specific features of their implementation, in 16 areas. The share of ecosystems implementing digital platforms and technologies ranges from 7 to 37 % in groups of various sizes. We have found that most ecosystems in the context of digitalization choose a strategy to create a favorable environment for the development of projects and enterprises in combination with other strategies. We have identified the features of the digital transition for small ecosystems (the use of consulting and cooperation in the field of communications); for medium-sized ecosystems - the use of digital modules in value chains and full-fledged cooperation with manufacturers of digital products; In large ecosystems, there is a need for exclusive digital products aimed at maintaining the functioning of the entire ecosystem as a whole.

The demographic factor plays a crucial role in the economic development of countries, largely determining the pace of economic growth and the level of well-being of the population. The experience of Southeast Asian countries (India, China), Brazil and other countries shows that population growth is a powerful factor in economic growth. At the same time, excessively rapid population growth can increase poverty and lead to a decrease in the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the presented study is to analyze the influence of the demographic factor on socio-economic dynamics. The authors have established the features of demographic processes in the modern world. Global demographic trends have been identified, the main of which are an increase in the demographic burden on the economy as a result of population aging; uneven gender structure of the population; accelerating urbanization; active migration processes. The main theoretical approaches to the relationship between population size and socio-economic dynamics, set out in fundamental works devoted to the study of economic growth factors, are analyzed. It is concluded that population growth will have a positive impact on socio-economic development, provided that it is accompanied by a competent state economic policy to involve the growing population in the production process.

Digital transformation is a tool for strategic management and is designed to rebuild an enterprise from its product line to entire production and supply chain modernization in order to maintain and increase its competitiveness in a constantly changing business environment. At the same time, effective approaches, management methods and determination of digital transformation effectiveness have not been developed. In this article, an attempt was made to propose a method, as well as to select and adapt a mathematical apparatus for accounting the business environment influences on product line effectiveness, and therefore on digital transformation effectiveness of commercial enterprises in general. The scientific novelty of the proposed method lies in the application of new principles for taking into account factors of changes in the business environment and their mutual influence, as well as in approaches to calculating the forecast of their condition and development. The practical value of the proposed method is that it allows a commercial enterprise to quickly obtain an assessment of the factors, forecast their changes, and forecast the effectiveness of the product line (and therefore the overall effectiveness of the commercial company).