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Economic factors often play a decisive role in the design of the urban environment, and the sociological features of human perception of the urban environment and its individual objects remain unaccounted for. The article examines the social stereotypes existing in the space of a modern megalopolis city on the example of Novosibirsk, and also provides recommendations on reducing the negative impact of social stereotypes in urban space. The results of the study can be used to adjust the image of the city, as well as to develop a number of urban planning programs and strategies.

The article presents arguments in favor of strengthening the relationship between the balance of the economy and economic security from the point of view of the prospects for the formation of rational macro- and mesoeconomic policies. Based on this, a conceptual framework for ensuring a balanced Russian economy based on inter-sectoral balance has been proposed. The development of appropriate management decisions should be based on a reasonable combination of state and market regulatory instruments, which, in turn, involves achieving a balance of economic interests of all economic entities. At the same time, the solution to pressing problems of economic growth in Russia is ensured in the context of the balanced development of industries and territories, as well as increasing the level of economic security. Such changes have an impact on the characteristics and composition of the management tools used, which expands the existing scientific ideas about balance, which acts as a condition for the sustainable, dynamic development of the Russian economy and strengthening its position in the global space.

Modern conditions for the functioning of modern enterprises require the formation of new methodological approaches to the development of anti-crisis strategies that take into account industry specifics. In addition, the optimality of the anti-crisis strategy depends on the choice of strategic tools that allow you to identify key factors and trends that affect the enterprise at the current moment and in the long term. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate scientific research to form an optimal set of strategic tools for developing an anti-crisis strategy, taking into account industry specifics. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for choosing the optimal anti-crisis strategy for a food industry enterprise based on the choice of the optimal combination of strategic analysis methods used in the development of anti-crisis strategies. The research methods are: comparative analysis, statistical analysis, PESTLE analysis, BCG matrix (matrix of the Boston Consulting Group), Thompson-Strickland matrix. The result of the study is recommendations on the choice of an anti-crisis strategy for the enterprise LLC “Amadeus”. The authors conclude that the use of PEST-analysis in combination with the BCG matrix gives a synergistic effect, allowing you to choose the optimal anti-crisis strategy for a food industry enterprise.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the opportunities of direct interaction between companies with consumers in conditions of changes using D2C business model, to help trading organizations extract benefits from D2C model, to achieve a competitive advantage and satisfying customer needs. In recent years, D2C model has become more and more popular within the development of digital technologies and online sales. The tasks of this article are to investigate the main advantages of the D2C model, such as increasing the profitability of the company due to the lack of intermediaries and the possibility of managing prices for its products, creating its own brand and image by improving recognition and creating unique experience for their customers, scaling business by attracting new customers, the introduction of new products and innovations that allow you to quickly respond to changes in consumer demand, it is better to adapt to the requirements of the market and be more flexible in their business solutions. The article will also consider possible risks and the methods of their leveling are proposed. Trade companies that manage to effectively integrate D2C model into their business successfully interact with the consumer, improve the quality of their products based on the collected customer feedback. However, in conditions of changes that directly affect consumer needs, increase in competition and the need to build long-term relations, force trading companies to encounter challenges when introducing D2C model. The article will open up the problems and methods of solving them for the trading companies effective adaptation to any changes in the market. The object of research are different tools used for the effective implementation of D2C model in modern trading organizations. The subject of the study is the relationship between company and the consumer during the implementation of D2C strategy. The research methodology is based on objective trends, significant connections and dependencies. Key results are reduced to the analysis of the effectiveness of methods for the successful implementation of D2C strategy of a trading company. The conclusion declares the general conclusion that companies using D2C model have huge potential for development in Russia, and with competent strategic planning, competitive advantages increase significantly.

The principles of creating a water-organic disinfectant emulsion (WODE) are described. The emulsion can be applied to various types of surfaces and form a film with a prolonged bacteriostatic/bactericidal effect. When applied to the surface under treatment in a dropwise manner, the composition based on polyacrylamide and special additives will form a durable film, which, in turn, will promote the provision for high sanitary and anti-epidemic measures. The film formed on the surface can be removed by wetting with water and subsequent wiping, which will not lead to the disruption of the general disinfection regime. The water-organic disinfectant emulsion is a composition based on polyacrylamide, a surfactant, polyalcohol (glycerol) and zinc/copper sulphate. The factors responsible for the uniformity of WODE film formation were studied. The criteria for improving rheological and technological properties (wettability, spreadability, moisture absorption) under environmental conditions have been determined. It has been established that higher spreadability and improved strength properties of water-soluble polymer films are achieved by adding surfactants (especially nonionic ones) and a polyalcohol to the composition. By modelling the abrasion process, the mechanical parameters of water-soluble polymer biocidal films were studied. The disinfectant effect of the developed aqueous-organic film-forming composition was studied with respect to the strains of microorganisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. It is proven that the provision of bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties is explained not only by the introduction of copper sulphate or zinc sulphate into the biocide composition, but also by the inhibitory properties of polyacrylamides of various brands themselves. It has been established that polyacrylamide, despite the presence of carbon and nitrogen in its composition, is not an accessible source of nutrition for the cells of pathogenic microorganisms.

The results of studied on the use of ultrasound in catalyst synthesis and processing are summarised. It is demonstrated that exposure to ultrasound can regulate the textural and structural characteristics of catalysts by varying exposure time and the amplitude of ultrasonic radiation. Optimisation of the conditions of ultrasonic treatment of the catalysts is determined to provide improvement of their physicochemical properties. This allows achieving higher reagents conversion and selectivity of the formation of target products in various chemical reactions. Examples of ultrasound application from the viewpoint of following the green chemistry principles are considered. It is shown that ultrasound application in organic synthesis promotes improvement of chemical process characteristics and reduces reaction time.

Tin(IV) oxide is a wide-gap semiconductor material that is widely used in photooxidation reactions of organic compounds. However, the relationship between energetic and photoelectrocatalytic properties in the oxidation of small organic molecules has not yet been sufficiently explored. In this work, a series of tin oxides were synthesized using hydrothermal, sol-gel, and template methods. Polystyrene spheres with a size of 250 nm, as well as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, were used as templates. X-Ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy methods were used to study the structure, surface composition, optical and energy characteristics. Using photoelectrochemical methods, the potentials of the conduction band and valence band were determined, and photocurrents in aqueous and aqueous-methanol solutions were studied depending on electrode polarization. It is shown that the preparation method (sol-gel or hydrothermal) does not affect the position of energy bands, while the use of a template during synthesis leads to an increase in the average pore diameter in the samples and an increase in photocurrent values in the presence of methanol. It has been established that for template-synthesized samples, the magnitude of photocurrents in a water-methanol mixture increases with an increase in the valence-band potential. The sample prepared by the hydrothermal method using a template showed the highest photocurrent values both in the background electrolyte (17.3 μA/cm²) and in the presence of methanol (26 μA/cm²), compared to the sample prepared without using a template in the electrolyte with the addition of methanol (7.6 μA/cm²) and without it (7.8 μA/cm²).

The effect of heavy oil treatment with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for 8 h at a temperature of 25-100 ^oC on the composition and structure of resins is investigated. The objects of investigation were heavy oil from the Zyuzeevskoye field (the Republic of Tatarstan) and resins isolated from this oil. It is established that the resin content increases by almost 3 wt% as a result of heavy oil treatment with IPA at 100 °C. It is shown than an increase in the temperature of oil - IPA (20 wt%) mixture treatment from 25 to 100 °C causes an increase in sulphur and oxygen content in resins by 0.5 and 0.8 wt%, respectively, and a decrease in the Н/С atomic ratio from 1.40 to 1.38. The aromaticity factor of resins increases by 0.17 %, while the fraction of aliphatic carbon decreases. It is concluded that oil treatment with isopropyl alcohol, aimed at a decrease in the content of resinous and asphaltenic substances, is unreasonable because it causes unfavourable formation of the additional amount of resins.

The annual dynamics of (1) chloroform-extractable substances (CES) and petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) in riverside fluvial sediments, in the bottom sediments of the mixing zone of river and sea waters, and in the bottom sediments of the marine area, and (2) the abundance of hydrocarbon-oxidizing (HOB) and heterotrophic (HB) bacterial groups in the bottom sediments of the marine area and riverside sediments is analysed. The maximal content of CES was found in the marine area (450±17.5 mg/100 g), and the minimal one - in the river part (127.6±10.9 mg/100 g), in the mixing zone of river and sea waters - 370±37.9 mg/100 g. The average concentrations of PH are distributed similarly to the concentrations of CES: the maximal values (127.5±10.9 mg/100 g) are detected in marine ground, the values for the sediments of the mixing zone are slightly lower (103.1±9.4 mg/100 g), and the minimal values (54.8±23.9 mg/100 g) are detected in river sediments. The physicochemical characteristics of bottom and coastal sediments are presented. The abundance of HB in the bottom sediments of the marine area varied from 7.5∙10³ to 2.5∙10⁶ cells/g, respectively, and from 9.5∙10³ to 9.5∙10⁸ cells/g in the river area. There was no seasonal variability in the abundance of HB at both areas. Hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria were registered in 100 % of the samples of bottom and riverside sediments of the designated water areas. The abundance of HOB varied from 25 to 2.5∙10⁴ cells/g in the marine zone and from 25 to 4.5∙10³ cells/g in the river zone. The maximal values of HOB abundance in the riverside sediments were recorded during the flood period (February-April).

The acidity of NH-groups of a number of sulphonamides and glycine derivatives in a dimethyl sulphoxide medium has been investigated using the potentiometric method. Dissociation constants of these compounds are determined from titration curves. It is shown that the acidity of NH groups in the studied sulphonamides is controlled by the polar effect of substituents. The possibility of quantitative potentiometric analysis of glycine derivatives has been established for the first time. Biological activity has been predicted with the help of PASS software. The correlation of NH group acidity with the biological potential of the compounds has been established.