Aleksandr Vladimirovich Kirichek, Nina Anatol'evma Khodikova
Academy of - EMERCOM State Fire Service of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: history of science, dialectics, the negation of negation, law, methodology of scientific knowledge, heuristics
The article studies the heuristic capabilities of the law of the negation of negation and related categories for revealing the patterns of the growth of scientific knowledge. Based on the history of natural science, it is shown that the struggle of alternative concepts can be presented in the light of this law as completed cycles of transition from the initial thesis through several antitheses to the final synthesis, which can subsequently become a thesis within the framework of a new cognitive cycle. According to the conducted analysis, the authors formulate methodological recommendations addressed to a wide range of researchers and aimed at increasing the effectiveness of any creative activity.
The object of this study is the principle of least action (PLA) taken in the dialectical unity of various aspects of its manifestation in philosophy and science. The ways and means of PLA influence on the formation and implementation of the sustainable devel-opment strategy are also identified. Methodologically, the research is based on the ideas of classical philosophy, the ideas of L. Wittgenstein, the statements of the French epistemological tradition, and J. Derrida’s postmodernist principles of deconstruction. The methodological significance of PLA is substantiated as a precedent of fundamental ontology, which will be able to strategize for evolutionary adaptation and socio-ecological optimization.
Lev Dmitrievich Lamberov
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:119:"Interregional Non-Governmental Organization “Russian Society for the History and Philosophy of Science”, Moscow, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"text";}
Keywords: proof, surveyability, rigor, formalization, mathematics, intuition
The article examines three types of surveyability: global, local and “mesoscopic”. The discussion of surveyability relates to computer proofs. The third type of surveyability, viz. “mesoscopic” surveyability, involves grasping the elementary steps of a proof in a group and relies on geometric intuition. Also, geometric intuition plays an important role in the concept of rigor as local validity. The article compares “mesoscopic” surveyability and the concept of rigor as local validity.
Igor Evgenievich Pris
Institute of Philosophy, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
Keywords: quantum mechanics, agential realism, quantum correlation, Copenhagen interpretation, relational quantum mechanics, contextual quantum realism
К. Barad proposes agential realism as a unified approach to natural and social phenomena. The position is inspired by quantum mechanics and, in particular, the phenomenon of quantum entanglement. Barad also sees similarities between her approach, N. Bohr’s view and C. Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics. In our opinion, agential realism is a kind of ontological correlationism, and not realism. The analogy with the approaches of Bohr and Rovelli is only partial. Agential realism is a wrong interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is also unsuitable for social theorizing, for which considering the context sensitivity of ontology is fundamental. As an alternative, we propose contextual quantum realism (CQR), which rejects substance dualisms (as Barad does) but at the same time accepts the categorical dualism of the real and the ideal. Our approach also allows for a better understanding of Bohr’s position and correcting Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics.
Vasiliy Anatolievich Mironov
Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: hermeneutics, geology, tradition, text, philosophy of geology
The work is aimed at substantiating the applicability of H.-G. Gadamer’s hermeneutical ideas to the philosophical and methodological analysis of geological knowledge. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that cognitive practices in geology are more closely related to the hermeneutic cognitive procedures of human history than to the cognitive procedures of experimental physics, focused on the search and formulation of general laws. At the same time, Gadamer’s hermeneutical ideas are adapted to the context of geological knowledge.
Steppes and xeric meadows represent the most important element of zonal complexes in steppe and forest-steppe zones, as well as the corresponding altitudinal belts in mountains. These communities are floristically rich and extremely difficult to classify. The article revises the system of floristic classification of Siberian steppes and meadows representing the class Festuco-Brometea Br.-Bl. et R. Tx. in Br.-Bl. 1947. A formalized cluster analysis of 70 associations from Siberia, Kazakhstan, the Cis-Urals, the Urals and Trans-Urals was carried out (Fig. 1). OrderBrachypodietalia pinnati Korneck 1974 (Syntax. syn. Stipetalia sibiricae Korolyuk et Makunina 2001) in Siberia and the adjacent regions of Kazakhstan unites communities of xeric meadows and meadow steppes. It includes 4 alliances and 27 associations.
Alyona S. Tretyakova1, Alyona D. Vakhrusheva2, Nikolay Yu. Grudanov1, Elena V. Pismarkina1, Stepan A. Senator3, Dmitriy A. Philippov4 1Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch RAS, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia 3Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS, Moscow, Russia 4Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Borok, Russia
Keywords: mires, flora of vascular plants, Red Data Book, specially protected natural areas, rare species, Sverdlovsk Region
The presented work contains the results of studying the floristic diversity of vascular plants in protected mires in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk Region (Russia). The studies were carried out on four peat lowland plain mires: Boloto u ozera Kukuyan, Belskoye, Savvateevskiy Ryam and Bakhmetskoe. The article provides a list of discovered species of vascular plants. In total, 135 species of vascular plants belonging to 88 genera, 46 families and 5 divisions were identified in the flora of the studied mires. The leading families in terms of the number of species are Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Poaceae, Salicaceae, Asteraceae and Ericaceae, the leading genera are Carex and Salix. A relatively low level of species similarity between the mires floras under consideration was revealed - the average value of the Jaccard coefficient is 0.25. The highest values of similarity coefficients (0.37) were noted for the flora of geographically close bogs - Bakhmetsky and Belsky, located on the territory of the Pripyshminskiye Bory National Park. The flora is dominated by plurizonal and boreal species with a wide distribution (Holarctic, European-West Asian and Eurasian). Among the biomorphological groups, polycarpic herbs are of significant importance (83 species, 62 %) of which 37 % are rhizomatous plants. In the studied mires, cenopopulations of 2 rare species listed in the Red Data Book of the Sverdlovsk Region were recorded (Neottianthe cucullata, Platanthera bifolia). In addition to rare species, the studied peat bogs serve as a habitat for relict plants. For example, Calluna vulgaris grows in the Bakhmetskoe mire.
The article reports the results of the following studies: seasonal development, seed production and embryo conditions in the mature seeds of Delphinium grandiflorum L. The research was done over two years (2021-2022). The species successfully goes through all phenophases, one generative shoot forms 299-700 pcs. seeds. For the first time, significant differences were revealed in the number of flowers and fruits on the main axis of synflorescence and paracladia of various orders, as well as in the number of ovules in flowers and seeds in fruits located on different parts of synflorescence. The article presents the influence of vegetation period hydrothermal conditions on seed productivity and quality of seeds. The weather conditions of 2022 year were the most favorable for the growth and development of D. grandiflorum, which was expressed in the early beginnings of phenophases, high seed productivity, and the more developed embryos in mature seeds. This may be due to the fact that during the budding and flowering of D. grandiflorum there were absence of significant fluctuations in air temperature and humidity. D. grandiflorum plants are promising for cultivation in Western Siberia according to the following reproductive indicators: seasonal development, seed productivity and development of embryos in seeds.
