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Introduction. Modern society and the value system of its representatives are changing significantly under the influence of Internet technologies and social networks in the course of intensive digitalization. The work of social networks is based on the principle of recommendation algorithmization, as a result of which the user receives content in accordance with their preferences, interests, political views and value system, and content is personalized. Further, the so-called “information bubbles” are formed, understood as a limited/immeasurable digital space formed by the interests and preferences of the user. These spaces have an impact on modern society. The research methodology is based on an ontological analysis of existing works on the problem of the transformation of the information space, which consists in the appearance of relatively new “components”: information bubbles, “filter bubbles”, “epistemic echo bubbles”, “echo chambers”, significantly changing the perception of reality by man and society as a whole in the direction of distortion. Discussion. The purpose of the article is to consider the phenomenon of the “information bubble” in the ontological aspect, to explore the principles of algorithmization of content in social networks. There are not enough studies devoted to the consideration of this problem. It is necessary to pay close attention to the algorithmization of content, the formation of information bubbles, as they influence the formation of the worldview of the younger generation and adjust the value system of adults, whose worldview, as expected, has already been formed. Conclusion. The formation of a modern person’s worldview and value system occurs under the influence of social networks, where he chooses articles, opinions, images of interest to him, and then recommendation algorithms provide information confirming his views, thereby creating an information bubble. The concepts of “information bubble”, “filter bubbles”, “epistemic echo bubbles”, “echo chambers”, their influence on the formation of the worldview of society, its value system are considered. A model of a triple content selection filter and models of Internet communication are presented.

Introduction. Existing concepts of teaching philosophy face the need for meta-didactic justification in the context of the transformation of educational paradigms. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to overcome the limitations of approaches that appeal predominantly to the historical and philosophical tradition of conveying philosophical problems without properly articulating the challenges of modernity. Methodology. The study uses historical-critical and interdisciplinary approaches, including a comparative philosophical and epistemological analysis of the concepts of the philosophy of education, metaphilosophy, the philosophy of didactics, and the philosophy of science in the context of their interrelation with the problems of teaching philosophy. This approach allows us to systematize various educational paradigms and determine the degree of their influence on the contemporary teaching of philosophy and philosophical education. Discussion. The study substantiates the thesis that the development of a relevant approach to teaching philosophy requires its placement in a broader context related to the philosophy of education. Various concepts of teaching philosophy typically focus on the programmatic basis and the level of detail, which determine the value of the content and the possibility of adaptation to the audience. The importance of situating metadidactic proposals within a broad conceptual context, addressing the basic level of reflection, and addressing changes in cognitive and axiological assumptions is emphasized. Challenges of contemporary education are considered: the elimination of the sapient dimension, subjectivism, the fragmentation of knowledge, and educational helplessness. Particular attention is paid to the integrative potential of philosophical knowledge, capable of overcoming interdisciplinary disunity and promoting the formation of a holistic worldview. A return to a realistic, objectivist, and universalistic approach to the teaching and study of philosophy is advanced as a methodological imperative, capable of reviving the sapient focus of education. Conclusion. Metadidactic reflection promotes alignment with the philosophy of education, emphasizing the stabilizing and culture-forming role of philosophy. Metaphilosophical analysis allows for a concretization of the premises and value of teaching theories, providing their reliable conceptual justification. Classical philosophy is seen as a condition for educational experience aimed at the holistic development of the individual and the return of education to its humanistic essence.

Introduction. This study discusses the technologies of innovative industrialization based on the electric power industry in a hybrid format, which can increase the productivity of enterprises in various sectors of the economy, as well as solve a range of educational problems. The Republic of Tyva is chosen as an example of energy production in short supply. The discussion is intended for master’s students in the field of electric power engineering who study the subject of philosophy of technical sciences, which is taught by professors with a classical philosophical background, and many aspects of science and technology are presented in a highly condensed form. Methodology. The philosophy of education is designed to reveal the ontological foundations of any technical field, which is why the initial methodology for studying the electrification of the Republic of Tyva was based on the sociology of education, the economics of education, and the philosophical and historical genesis of socio-economic events. By using the philosophy of education as a foundation and relying on its methodological framework, it became possible to integrate all areas of research. Discussion. Given the needs of the region’s diversified economy for professional personnel, alternative methods of electrification are being studied based on general scientific methodological approaches (the evolution of economic views on the development of the energy sector, and the educational needs of the new stage of transformations in the electric power industry) to assess the impact of using solar power plants as a tactical link in predicting successful socioeconomic development. It has been shown that the development of hybrid energy in the Republic of Tyva will, on the one hand, lead to a decrease in the cost of electricity and the development of the mining industry, and the socio-economic justification for the need to use alternative energy sources will reduce the likelihood of the region being cut off from electricity in the event of an accident on the only power line. Conclusion. The reorientation of the energy supply policy for the population, the public utilities sector, and other sectors of the economy towards safe energy sources includes the possibility of transitioning from traditional sources to solar energy technologies and from there to hybrid forms. The discussion of these measures from the perspective of the philosophy of education will have an impact on, and in the long term, will improve the quality of life and standards for the population of the Republic of Tyva.

Introduction. The article concretizes the issue of the university code. This question was raised by the authors earlier. The specification concerns the concept of “stability”, which is not identical to concept of “eternity”. Relevance. Modern university is very different from the one that was originated in the Middle Ages and had a long history. Modern university has chаnged the paradigm of its development, purpose, tasks, mission. It is being reformed constantly. It is necessary to think about its new understanding. The problematic questions are the next. What is а “university code” and “university spirit”? What is their significance for the stability of the university? Methodology. It is necessary to show that the university code is identical to its idea. The authors understand the idea of university from the point view of Plato’s methodology, namely from the point of view its teaching on eidos. But they clarify of concept of the code and talk about its two parts: logos (rational cognition the truth) and aesthesis (the spirit of the university, that is, its irrational understanding the code is the trust of the university, because it ensures its historical stability. The idea, or the code, or the eidos of university is its “universalizing matrix”, which find self-justification by changes of the concept of “universalization”. For example, the modern concept of “universalization” is considered by article through practice-oriented education of modern university, which characterizes model of “the university 3.0”. Conclusion. The authors argues that the code and spirit of the university must be preserved.

Introduction. The research is devoted to the problems of bilingual education and the preservation of the native languages of the peoples of Russia, using the Republic of Ingushetia as a case study. The aim of the study is to answer the question of how global and internal socio-economic processes influence language policy. Methodology. The theoretical and methodological foundation is a synthesis of the world-systems analysis (I. Wallerstein, G. Arrighi) and P. Bourdieu’s concept of forms of capital. Discussion. This synthesis allowed for the problem to be analyzed as a consequence of the cyclical fluctuations of a territorially vast semiperiphery (strategies of “integration” and “de-linking” with the world-system) and the socio-economic hierarchy, in which language is considered a form of cultural capital possessing varying degrees of convertibility into other forms of capital (economic, social, symbolic). Historical evidence demonstrates how language policy towards the Ingush population changed depending on the overall strategy of the Russian/Soviet state. In the modern period, the Ingush language, despite natural bilingualism and its official state status in the republic, is in a «vulnerable» position according to the UNESCO classification. The school serves as a key institution that not only reproduces the nation but is also capable of reinforcing social inequality through linguistic standards and curricula. The education system faces a lack of high-quality textbooks, bilingual teaching methodologies, a shortage of qualified personnel, and institutional conditions that diminish the status of the Ingush language. The existing support for the Ingush language at the regional level proves insufficient to bridge the gap in the convertibility of linguistic capitals. Conclusion. Russia’s language policy has a pendulum-like character, oscillating between a tendency towards diversity and a tendency towards intensified unification (through Russification), influenced by world-systemic and geopolitical factors.

Introduction. The study is devoted to the analysis of the Russian idea in education, the main philosophical and ontological approaches affecting the general structure and content of education are investigated. Methodology. The study applies socio-cultural and civilizational approaches in the perspective of comparative analysis of the philosophical and ontological foundations of Western and Russian education. Discussion. The philosophical and ontological foundations of modern knowledge were formed from the mid-nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries. Philosophical and ontological approaches, developed mainly by Western civilization by the mid-nineteenth century, were taken as the basis. This is the postulation of the two main alternative foundations of the world - unilateral (partial) materialism and idealism, which are realized, first of all, in the teachings of religious idealism and scientific materialism. Materialism was identified with science in the aspect of the bodily or material atomic-molecular basis of the world. And the comprehension of the immaterial world - spiritual and moral, became the prerogative of idealistic and religious comprehension. The Russian scientist A. A. Bogdanov was the first to publish a fundamental work on the general theory of systems, laying the philosophical and ontological foundations of systemic philosophy as a holistic, non-disjointed knowledge about the world, about systems of any nature - inorganic, organic, social, spiritual. The opposition between materialism and idealism was overcome and the whole knowledge was restored as the unity of the World. This direction of the ideas of Russian philosophy as a whole knowledge about the world in the twentieth century acquired a philosophical and ontological form of systemic philosophy as synthetic dualism. These two different civilizational philosophical and ontological concepts - Western and Russian - formed the basis of the specifics of natural-scientific, socio-humanitarian, anthropic and technical-technological knowledge, which laid different foundations for education - dismembered knowledge of the universal in Western ontology and whole complementary knowledge in the Russian worldview. Conclusion. It is stated that there are alternative philosophical and ontological concepts of being - Western (partial, internally dismembered, conflicting) and Russian (holistic, internally unified, harmonious).

Introduction. An analysis of the factors of social development is presented, new strategic goals are identified for understanding and improving the “quality” of the person himself, developing criteria for this quality that are adequate to reproduce the “flow of social development”. It is these aspects of the educational space that have been the subject of research. The methodological basis is the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the socio-philosophical analysis of the media space, elite and mass education, the subject of educational interaction, as well as the foundations of the balance of human life and society. Discussion. The author formulates the conceptual and theoretical foundations of socio-philosophical analysis in the field of the enlightenment paradigm of media space, elite and mass education, the ontology of the subject of educational interaction, the ethics of physicality, the value attitude to national and cultural traditions in modern conditions, the formation of a professional personality, as well as the search for the value foundations of the balance of human life and society. In most cases, the author’s research was applied in nature, and it identifies man as a phenomenon of the material and existential world. In conclusion, the results of the analysis are summarized and the special role of social axiology in human cognition is emphasized, which should not turn into a simple interpretation of the data of the humanities. The conceptual development of human ontological problems is reflected in the author’s ideas: “The problem of man in modern philosophy”, “Media education as a subject of the theory of knowledge”, “Philosophy of the essence of man”, “Human physicality”, “Man - activity - communication”, “Prospects of human education”, etc. The assessments of social subjects and their implementation, the formation of a new model of the educational space and the understanding of its value bases are presented as the actual socio-philosophical aspects of the study.

In connection with the critical revision of the species of the genus Hackelia Opiz within Eurasia, herbarium materials in the collections stored in the Herbariums of LE, MW, NSK, NS, TK, ALTB, AA, TAD, as well as virtual collections posted on the aggregator Global plants on JSTOR were studied. The analysis of morphological, karyological, palynomorphological, carpological characters and the results of molecular genetic studies showed that nine species of the genus Hackelia from three sections are found in Eurasia. The revision allowed us to identify changes in the taxonomy and distribution of species of the genus Hackelia, describe a new section Popovia Ovczinnikova, validate the name of the section Macrophylla Lian et J.Q. Wang ex Ovczinnikova, describe a new species for science H. lipschitzii Ovczinnikova from the Republic of Tajikistan, and cite new localities of the discussed species. H. deflexa (Walenb.) Opiz is recorded for the first time for the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, it is shown that H. thymifolia (A. DC.) I.M. Johnst. is limited in its distribution to Northern and Central Asia, and does not grow in the Pamirs. The Pamir plants are described as a new species. The synopsis for all taxa includes: nomenclatural citation, information on type specimens and new localities, data on ecological features and distribution, range maps for 3 species, a key to identifying sections and species. The lectotype of name Myosotis deflexa Walenb. is designated. The description of H. lipschitzii includes a diagnosis, a comparative table of diagnostic features of the new species and other species of the genus, the main features of the eremocarps are illustrated in the figure, and a photograph of the holotype is provided. In discussing the taxonomy of the genus within the full range, a new nomenclatural combination of the species H. torvum (Dimon et M.A.M. Renner) Ovczinnikova from Australia is proposed.

The aim of the study is to establish the origin of cenoflores of selected syntaxons on the basis of geographical analysis, to determine the contribution of each of them to the formation of mountain-meadow vegetation and to outline the ways of its possible development. The botanical and geographical analysis was based on the scheme of geographical elements developed by N.N. Portenier for the Caucasus flora. Three syntaxons, ecologically and disturbance contrasting, were studied, described in the “Prielbrusie” National Park (NP) and the Kabardino-Balkar High Mountain Reserve (KBHMR). The composition of the leading syntaxon families reflects the presence of boreal (Poaceae) and Mediterranean (Fabaceae, Lamiaceae) flora, which is typical of the Caucasian flora as a whole. The cenoflora of the subassociation Betonici macranthae-Calamagrostietum arundinaceae Bistortetosum carnea Tsepkova 2016 comprises 86 species, 73 genera and 27 families. The leading families are Fabaceae (13.9 % of the syntaxon’s species), Asteraceae (11.6 %) and - (9.3 %). The Artemisio chamaemelifoliae-Plantaginetum atratae Tsepkova 2005 cenoflora contains 30 species, 27 genera and 14 families. The families Fabaceae and Lamiaceae each account for 16.7 % of the flora, and the families Asteraceae , Poaceae - 13.3 % each. The Rosaceae family is absent. In the association Ranunculo grandiflori-Hordeetum violacei Tsepkova 2016, 40 species of 35 genera and 15 families have been recorded. In terms of the number of species, the Asteraceae are in first place with 25 %, the Fabaceae and the Fabaceae families. Asteraceae - 25 %, Fabaceae and Poaceae - 15 %. The family Lamiaceae is absent. According to the scheme of geographical elements proposed for vascular plants by N.N. Portenier in the subassociation Betonici macranthae-Calamagrostietum arundinaceae Bistortetosum carnea 12 geoelements were identified. In the association Artemisio chamaemelifoliae-Plantaginetum atratae - 6 geoelements. Both communities are dominated by Caucasian geoelement (39.5 % and 26.7 %, respectively). The communities of the Ranunculo grandiflori-Hordeetum violacei association are represented by 9 geoelements. They are characterised by the predominance of Palaearctic geoelement (30.0 %), which may indicate the migratory character of the flora.

Antimicrobial activity of aqueous-ethanol plant extracts of Сomarum salesovianum and Artemisia obtusiloba against collection pathogenic gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus against collection pathogenic Gram-positive strains of Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans , Gram-negative bacteria Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli , and - relatively ten bacterial aerosols that are also characterized with the ability to cause infectious diseases. For the extraction were used leaves, roots, stems and fruits of the plants. The high antimicrobial activity of the studied extracts has been established not only for Gram-positive microorganisms, but also for a number of Gram-negative bacteria, for which resistance to many antimicrobial compounds is known. The lowest activity or lack thereof with respect to the test strains of microorganisms used were observed for variants with using plant root extracts.