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This study is devoted to experimental modeling of the interaction of frozen hydrate-saturated sandy sediments with salt solutions at subzero temperatures. It is shown that the migration of salt ions in frozen hydrate-containing sands is more active than in frozen hydrate-free sands. Gas pressure proves to be one of the main factors controlling the intensity of migration of salt ions in frozen sands containing gas hydrates in contrast to frozen hydrate-free sands. With an increase in gas pressure and a decrease in temperature, the intensity of salt transfer in frozen hydrate-containing sands decreases, while the preservation of pore hydrates increases. Based on experimental data, the parameters of salt transfer in frozen hydrate-containing sand (salt flux density, diffusion coefficient) depending on gas pressure and ambient temperature have been obtained for the first time.

New data on the species diversity and metabolic potential of insufficiently studied microbial communities in cryopegs of the Yamal Peninsula are presented. The total number of microorganisms inhabiting cryopegs is high and reaches 10⁶-10⁸ cells/mL. At the same time, sulfate-reducing bacteria have only been found in two out of three studied cryopegs in numbers not exceeding 10³ cells/mL. Representatives of the bacterial genera Acetobacterium (strains K1/0, K1/6 =VKM B-3638, K1/7, K1/8), Labilibaculum (K2S^T, =VKM B-3650^T), and Trichococcus (K1Tr^T, =VKM B-3651^Т) have been isolated from cryopegs for the first time. All isolates are psychroactive and are able to grow at 6°C.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images Sentinel-1 were used to detail the structure of aufeis and characteristic features of aufeis landscapes in the valleys of Verkhnyaya Neyungri and Samokit rivers (southern Yakutia). Based on the results of preliminary image analysis, the ranges of typical backscatter signals within the ice glade were established, and representative points characterizing various components of the ice landscape were chosen. The type of surface of the aufeis landscape (ice, open water, snow cover, rock, etc.) was preliminarily diagnosed using Sentinel-2 images. During fieldwork, the vertical structure of the aufeis landscape and its surface were studied at the chosen test plots. As a result, the ranges of backscattering of the radio signal for co-polarization (VV) and cross-polarization (VH) modes characteristic of the four types of the aufeis landscape were determined. Based on SAR images, the structure of the aufeis body could be detailed: areas of river flow under the ice and places of groundwater discharge were identified. At the final stage, aufeis areas at the end of winter in the Samokit and Verkhnyaya Neryungri river valleys were determined based on Sentinel-1 SAR images and the normalized difference snow index (NDSI) calculated from Sentinel-2 images; the discrepancy between the obtained estimates was assessed.

The article reflects the main milestones of the scientific activity of D.S. Drozdov, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Deputy Director for Scientific Work of the Earth Cryosphere Institute, Tyumen Scientific Centre SB RAS, Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the journal “Earth’s Cryosphere”. Dmitry Stepanovich is a well-known specialist in the field of structuring and forecasting the state of cryolithozone geosystems. The main focus of his activities is on the study of permafrost areas, monitoring of the cryolithozone, and technogenesis of the geological environment.

On February 13, 2023, Georgii Petrovich Kuzmin, an outstanding permafrost researcher, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Engineering, Honored Scientist of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), and Chief Researcher at the Melnikov Permafrost Institute celebrated his 90th birthday. In this paper, the milestones of his biography and the main areas of his versatile scientific activity are elucidated. His great role in mastering natural resources of cold in permafrost areas for practical purposes is emphasized.

On August 31, 2023, the famous geocryologist, candidate of geological and mineralogical sciences, leading researcher at the Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University, Alexander Borisovich Chizhov, died. He will be remembered as a wonderful scientist and wise person with a subtle sense of humor.

Based on the results of field research and study of collections stored in Herbariums LE, MW, MHA, B, NSK, NS, TK, PR, PRC, ALTB, HAL, UBA, UUH, KUZ, TAD, TASH, a critical revision of the taxonomic composition and geographical distribution was carried out species of the section Recurvata (Knuth) Novosselova of the genus Geranium L. in Asiatic Russia. Morphological signs of sectional and subsectional ranks are given; main diagnostic morphological features of species. For the first time maps of ranges for species G. pratense L., G. transbaicalicum Serg., G. collinum Steph. ex Willd. New data on the distribution of G. affine Ledeb., G sergievskajae (Peschkova) Troshkina and G. turczaninovii (Peschkova) Troshkina are presented.

The Kuznetsk basin is one of the richest by the coal budget in the world, and hydraulic mining is in use there. The resulting large areas of disturbed lands have a negative influence on the local people health. Rather actual in this connection are activities to neutralise the environment pollution, to reclaim the disturbed lands, and also to reveal and introduce new and promising plant species. In this work we study the agrophytocoenosis created in 1989 by the authors on the hydraulic spoil bank of “Mokhovsky” open-cut coal mine (Kemerovo region). Based on long-term observations (years 1990-1993 and 1998) we establish that the artificial plant community on the hydraulic spoil bank is highly sustainable and its development is not similar to that on the zonal soils. The legume-grass base of our agrophytocoenosis is remaining to prevail during all the observation period, whereas legumes fall away within 2-3 years on the zonal soils. The productivity of our plant community is close to or higher than that of zonal plant communities. Maximal productivity of air-dry phytomass (63 cwt/ha) is observed on the second year of our agrophytocoenosis. The main contribution to the above-ground phytomass is due to legumes and grasses. The vertical structure of our plant community features a remarkable height of the herbage; and the main part (85 %) of the above-ground phytomass is contained in the layer 0-35 cm. It is so called near-surface vertical distribution (according to G.G. Pavlova, 1980), it is typical for the plant communities with legumes and small grasses as dominating species. As to the horizontal structure, the significant part of our agrophytocoenosis during the initial years (1990-1993) are species with a contagious distribution by the surface; and the horizontal species distribution on the tenth year (1998) is random. The species variety is usually not big. The significance graphs indicate rather developed structure of the agrophytocoenosis. On the tenth year of observation, species significance demonstrates a log-normal distribution, which is characteristic for multi-species zonal plant communities with predominance of species with an average abundance. The highest vitality amongst the seeded species was demonstrated by Agrostis gigantea, Trifolium pratense и Medicago sativa. Seeding legume-grass mixtures impedes the overgrowth of spoil banks by willows, which keeps the opportunity to use spoil banks as hayfields in the future.

During the revision of the herbarium collections of the Institute of Botany, Physiology and Plant Genetic of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan (TAD) and field research in 2020-2022 the distribution of 6 species of the genus Perovskia Kar. (Lamiaceae) on the territory of the Republic of Tajikistan was analyzed. Dot maps of distribution were constructed indicating previously known information and new materials. In the widespread species P. virgata and P. angustifolia, new localities have been additionally identified. P. scrophulariifolia and P. botschantzevii were found for the first time in the new botanico-geographical regions accepted in the “Flora of the Tajik SSR”. A new habitat was noted for a rare endemic species P. kudrjaschevii.

For the first time, an algological study of Lake Nogaan-Khol, located in the Todzha basin of the Republic of Tyva, was carried out. The results of phytoplankton, phytobenthos and fouling are presented. A comprehensive study and identification of species composition is relevant not only from the point of view of biodiversity inventory, but for the most efficient use and protection of water bodies. 218 species, varieties and forms of algae were identified in the reservoir, belonging to 94 genera, 52 families and 8 divisions: Cyanoprokaryota (33), Bacillariophyta (124), Chrysophyta (1), Dinophyta (3), Xanthophyta (1), Euglenophyta (2), Chlorophyta (24), Charophyta (30). To assess the role of individual taxa, the frequency of occurrence was calculated. 4 groups were distinguished - especially active (with a frequency of occurrence over 75 %), highly active (74-45 %), inactive (44-15 %) and inactive (less than 15 %). The dominant complex is represented by a small set of species. Fouling groups on various substrates and benthic communities are considered. An ecogeographical analysis was carried out, according to which the algoflora is represented by benthic (33.9 %) and periphytonic (25.2 %) species, with a predominance of indifferent (70.2 %) forms in relation to the halicity and active reaction of the environment (48.2 %). In the studied lake, 152 species-indicators of saprobity were identified. Marked indicators of all zones of saprobity, except for polysaprobic. Inhabitants of very clean (x - xenosaprobe) and highly saprobic (a - mesosaprobe) waters are represented by a small number of taxa - 5 and 6, respectively. Geographically, cosmopolitans (54.1 %) and boreal (26.6 %) species dominated. The purpose of the study was to determine the species composition and ecological state of the waters of the Nogaan-Khol lake.