Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

The previously developed wide-range multiphase equation of state of Fe was used to calculate the shock pressure causing its evaporation during isentropic unloading up to 10^-4 GPa (1 atm). Calculations were made for three initial states of matter: pressure 1 atm and temperature 298 K (“cold” initial state), 1 GPa and 1 500K (“warm” state), and 40 GPa and 4 000 K (“hot” state). The shock pressure is 359, 261, and 132 GPa, respectively. These values are generally lower than the estimates of other authors. Arguments are given in their justification.

The aim of the article is to point out the dangers arising from the properties of plastic dust and what influence its properties have on the origin and course of the explosion. The present study deals with a sample of polyethylene dust, by-product of granulate production and storage. The explosion tests are performed on containers of a similar shape to those found in plants. The volumes of the closed vessels are 1.35 m³ (N1) and 5.45 m³ (N2). The tests are conducted in vessel N1 with a venting area DN 250 on the top of the vessel, in vessel N2 with a venting area DN 585 or DN 775 installed on the upper flanges of the vessels, and in vessels interconnected by pipes with a diameter DN 150 and length of 3, 6, and 10 m. The experiments show that the pressure of the explosion in technological equipment may reach higher values than those obtained in laboratory tests. During the explosion propagation in the connected vessels, the effect of overpressure appears due to precompression; as a result, the measured pressure and the rate of pressure rise are many times higher than the values measured only in the vessel itself with a venting area. As the explosion propagates from a larger volume vessel to a smaller volume vessel, the effect of precompression of the mixture increases the explosion parameters in the smaller vessel despite the opening areas of both vessels. Other elements can be also used to ensure sufficient explosion protection. The results also describe the effect of the length of the pipeline route by which the vessels are connected.

The explosive formability of common age-hardenable Al alloys (2024-T4, 2024-T6, 6061-T4, 6061-T6, 7075-T4, and 7075-T6) is investigated experimentally. Manufacturers utilize explosive forming to produce parts having large and complex geometries in a single operation. To investigate the explosive formability of the most common Al alloys used in the aerospace/aircraft industry, an experimental die design is constructed. Tensile tests are carried out to determine the mechanical behavior of the alloys at low strain rates. Charpy V-notch tests are used as input values to determine the fracture toughness and fracture energy. The strain rate considering the expansion angle is calculated through the analytical formula of the Gurney metal velocity. The strain rates obtained by explosive forming conducted in air are calculated roughly as 1.1·10⁵ s^-1, which is an extreme rate. The experimental results reveal that the 6061-T4 Al alloy could be explosively formed to the demanded geometry without any hollows, cracks, tearing, and fractured regions. It is clear that the T6 temper condition significantly improves the strength of the tested alloys, accompanied by reduction of ductility and crack initiation potential. Except for the 6061-T4 Al alloy, all of the tested alloys are fractured during explosive forming tests. Stereo microscopy and scanning electron microscopy investigations reveal transgranular fracture and cleavage facets resulting from brittle fracture initiated by high strain rates, which occurs in the peak-strength temper condition-T6 of the tested Al alloys.

The publication presents the content-related characteristic of the category of «professional-pedagogical mobility». The professional-pedagogical mobility and its development is an important problem of modern education system. In modern conditions, its solving is a necessary factor for successful development of the entire domestic educational system and a key for effective usage of the social-economic potential of domestic economy. In our opinion, the professional-pedagogical mobility is a complex and multidimensional category, which, on one hand, characterizes the teacher as a person, and, on the other, as a professional in his/her field. Both aspects together are reflected in a wide range of realization of the basic and special competencies and are manifested in the form of value-semantic construct of the personality of the teacher, which is presented as an integrative personal quality, influencing the nature and dynamics of professional activities, as well as its results. The formation of professional-pedagogical mobility should be understood not as a spontaneous process, but as a systematic and purposeful movement. In our opinion, this process should include a number of interrelated stages. 1. Diagnostic stage. At this stage there should take place the diagnostics of teachers of humanities in order to check the level of professional and educational mobility. 2. Extensive stage. The basis of this stage should be the training of the teaching personnel to changing themselves, their activities as a reflexive reaction to the «perturbations» of the educational environment. 3. Intensive stage. Within the framework of this stage there should take place the study of pedagogical objects from the perspective of advancing to the heights of teaching excellence, such as the attainment of career growth. 4. Innovation stage. The fundamental direction of this area of work should be the inclusion of the teachers of humanities into the process of their own professional development. The study has examined the mechanisms and instruments of development of the professional-pedagogical mobility taking into account the specific features of professional work of the teachers of humanities of the Chair of "State and Municipal Management" in the conditions of a higher education institution.

In 1968-1985, in the course of study of phytobenthos in the Lake Baikal, L.A. Izhboldina sampled and analyzed material on the structure and distribution of meio- and microphytobenthos in Chivyrkuyskiy Gulf, the second-largest gulf in the lake. Until now, just a general description of phytobenthos structure was published. The article presents schemes of 18 profiles, 12 of which (more than three quarters of sampled data) were laid during July 1985. For each profile we have drawn a scheme where indicated dominant and codominant species, type of bottom substrate, generalized biomass of community (gr/m²) and the number of species for every station (sampling site). Due to the predominance of shallow depths and mechanically unstable sandy, silty-sandy and silty substrates, the structure of benthic vegetation is monotonous, and phytobenthos belts described for Lake Baikal, are not expressed. There is also a certain gradient in communities along the central part of the gulf from its top to the mouth. Small bays along the western shore of the gulf have certain specificity. In some parts of the gulf, Chaetomorpha curta (Chlorophyta), Cladophora aegagriopila, C. meyeri, C. meyeri var. gracilior (Chlorophyta), Collema ramenskii (Ascomycota), Gloeothrichia pisum (Cyanophyta), Nostoc pruniforme (Cyanophyta) are comparatively frequent and abundant. Noteworthy, the high occurrence of such algae as G. pisum and C. aegagropila, which are absent in littoral of the open Baikal. Charophyta (Chara sp., Nitella sp.) often form communities at depths of 5-8 m. Among vascular plants, the most active are Lemna trisulca and Potamogeton perfoliatus. The alien North American Elodea canadensis and the zignem algae Spirogyra sp., settled in the lake and experienced catastrophic outbreaks of development in subsequent years, in 1985 were represented by few samples.

Mires are valuable nature conservation complexes with unique biological diversity. The presented work contains the results of studying the floristic diversity of vascular plants in protected mires in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk Region (Russia). The studies were carried out on four peat lowland plain mires: Maloe Lake, Berezovoe, Chernoe (Kamensky District) and Bagaryak (Sysertsky District). Until now, information about the floristic richness of the mires of the southern part of the Sverdlovsk Region has remained fragmentary, and therefore the study allows us to fill in the existing “gaps”. In addition, the studied mires are the southernmost mires of the Sverdlovsk Region within the Trans-Urals, which emphasizes their high environmental significance. The research was conducted in 2021. The territory of each mires was surveyed by the traditional route-reconnaissance method, taking into account the intra-mire hydrographic network. The article provides a list of discovered species of vascular plants. Author’s materials are supplemented with information from the collection of the Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SVER). In total, 188 species of vascular plants belonging to 123 genera, 54 families and 4 divisions were identified in the flora of the studied mires. The leading families in terms of the number of species are Cyperaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Rosaceae, Orchidaceae and Salicaceae. The leading genera are Carex, Salix, Cirsium and Galium. The flora is dominated by plurizonal and boreal species with a wide distribution (Holarctic, European-West Asian and Eurasian). Among the biomorphological groups, polycarpic herbs are of significant importance (145 species, 78 %) of which 45 % are rhizomatous plants. Among the species we have discovered Malus baccata and Carduus acanthoides which are alien and appeared due to ornitho- and anemochory. In the studied mires, cenopopulations of 14 rare species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Data Book of the Sverdlovsk Region were recorded. The work highlights the importance of maintaining mires in a natural state to maintain overall phytodiversity and the possibility of preserving rare and vulnerable plant species.

Genus Epimedium is the largest genus of herbaceous plants in the Berberidaceae family. It includes about 50-65 species. Species of the genus Epimedium have a traditional use in Chinese, Korean and Japanese medicine. They are also known as ornamental plants. Three plant species of Epimedium grow in Russia: E. colchicum (Boiss.) Trautv., E. koreanum Nakai and E. macrosepalum Stearn. All of them are included in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is a comparative morphological and anatomical study of rhizomes and roots of E. colchicum and E. macrosepalum belonging, respectively, to the subgenera Rhizophyllum and Epimedium. Materials for the study have been collected in the botanical garden of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. We used an MBS-10 binocular and an Axioplan 2 imaging Carl Zeiss microscope. Cross sections of rhizomes were stained 1) with an alcoholic solution of phloroglucinol and concentrated HCl; 2) 0.1 % cresyl violet solution. Cylindrical rhizomes, non-yearly branching, characterize both species. Rhizomes are dark brown with numerous thin adventitious roots. Rhizomes of E. colchicum are short and thick (diameter 7.8 ± 0.1 mm, length of annual growth 42.9 ± 2.3 mm); rhizomes of E. macrosepalum are thin and elongated (rhizome diameter 2.5 ± 0.1 mm, length of annual growth 65.5 ± 4.8 mm). The zones of the primary bark and the central cylinder on transverse sections of rhizomes are distinguished. Open conducting bundles are located in one circle. The pith is lignified. Idioblasts with druzes of CaC₂O₄ crystals are in the inner zone of the parenchyma of the primary cortex of E. macrosepalum. E. colchicum has relatively wide pith rays (up to 20 rows of cells), the presence of groups of lignified protophloem fibers, and the absence of sheaths of lignified fibers. E. macrosepalum is distinguished by relatively narrow (2-10 rows of cells) pith radiuses, the absence of bundles of lignified protophloem fibers, and the presence of sheaths of lignified fibers.

This paper presents data on the dynamics of the ontogenetic structure of the coenopopulation of Dracocephalum imberbe Bunge, located in the tundra with Dryas oxyodontha Juz. and Kobresia simpliciuscula (Wahlenb.) Mackenz.in Republic of Tuva. Changes in the type of the ontogenetic spectrum and the density index of individuals are analyzed. It was revealed that fluctuating dynamic changes occurred during 17 years, which did not affect the type of ontogenetic spectrum and the normal distribution of ln(n + 1) density. The coenopopulation remains full-fledged. The calculated demographic indicators and indicators of the speed of development reflected a unidirectional type of dynamics towards its gradual rejuvenation.

New syntaxa are described, validation and correction of associations are carried out. New data on the distribution of various syntaxa, their ecology and floristic composition are given. Ass. Alysso tortuosi-Artemisietum salsoloidis Lysenko in Lysenko, Arkhipova et Suleymanova 2020 (Suppl. 1, Table 1, relevés 1, 2). Diagnostic species (D. s.): Artemisia salsoloides (dom.), Pimpinella tragium, Alyssum tortuosum, Matthiola fragrans. The association unites the steppe communities distributed on the chalk slopes of the Volga Upland in the Middle Volga region.

The article is dedicated to the memory of L.V. Bardunov. In 2022, the 90th anniversary from birth of the famous Russian bryologist, florist, Doctor of Biological Sciences, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Leonid Vladimirovich Bardunov (1932-2008) was celebrated. L.V. Bardunov made a great contribution to the study of plant biodiversity in North Asia. L.V. Bardunov collected the unique herbarium specimens. Digital copies of 828 specimens collected personally by L.V. Bardunov, or together with M.G. Popov, L.I. Malyshev and other collectors, are placed in the CSBS SB RAS Digital herbarium (http://herb.csbg.nsc.ru:8081). The herbarium specimens are stored in NSK and NS herbarium collections (USU_440537). Each digitized sample is provided with a unique barcode with the acronym of the herbarium collection and a 7-digit serial number. Digitization was carried out according to the international standards at an optical resolution of 600 dpi, accompanied by a color scale and a scale ruler on ObjectScan 1600 scanners, using specialized programs ScanWizard Botany and MiVapp Botany (Microtek). The advanced search for information in the CSBG SB RAS digital herbarium is possible in 9 fields (country, administrative region, habitat, barcode of the herbarium sample, collector, family name, genus name, species name and date of collection). According to L.V. Bardunov’s herbarium specimens, several species of mosses and vascular plants were described. Vascular plants Megadenia bardunovii Popov (Brassicaceae) and Сorispermum bardunovii Popov ex Lomon. (Amaranthaceae Juss.) are named after him. The typification of the name Сorispermum bardunovii was carried out in accordance with the Articles of ICN. This publication is dedicated to the memory of L.V. Bardunov.