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The paper summarizes the results of study of the geologic position, composition, and age of basic igneous associations in Eastern Kazakhstan during the late Paleozoic (Carboniferous-Permian). At that time, the Altai accretion-collision system was developed here, which resulted from the interaction of the Siberian and Kazakhstan paleocontinents. The performed studies made it possible to establish three major stages of basic magmatism, corresponding to different stages of evolution of the collisional system: early Carboniferous, late Carboniferous, and early Permian. The chemical composition of ultrabasic-basic associations changed, with a successive increase in the contents of K2O, P2O5, TiO2, LREE, Rb, Ba, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta. The variations in magma compositions were determined by different compositions of mantle sources (harzburgites, spinel lherzolites, and garnet lherzolites) and different degrees of their melting. The early Permian ultrabasic-basic associations are the most enriched in TiO2 and incompatible components (P2O5, Zr, Hf, Nb, and Ta), which indicates the involvement of relatively enriched mantle sources in the partial melting. All manifestations of mantle magmatism were accompanied by subsynchronous crustal magmatism (granitoid intrusions or silicic volcanics). The major crustal magmatism was manifested in the early Permian; the area of its occurrence was dozens of times larger than the area of Carboniferous crustal magmatism. Possible geodynamic scenarios for magmatism are considered for each stage. The early Carboniferous (C₁s) magmatism of the early orogeny stage was manifested locally and was the result of the detachment of the subducting lithosphere (slab) beneath the margin of the Kazakhstan continent. The middle Carboniferous (C₂m) magmatism of the late orogeny stage was manifested throughout the area; it was caused by the activation of shear-extension motions along large faults and the orogen collapse. The early Permian magmatism was the result of the interaction of the Tarim mantle plume with the lithosphere, which comprised three stages: initial interaction, maximum interaction, and relaxation. This magmatism in the study area was caused by a combination of thermal disturbance in the upper mantle and the lithosphere extension processes.

We have studied the structure and composition of a volcanic unit in the valley of the Despen River, on the southern slope of the East Tannu-Ola Ridge. The unit was earlier assigned to the Lower Devonian Kendei Formation. The new geological and geochronological data show that it resulted from explosive volcanism at 460-450 Ma. The Despen volcanic rocks formed in association with granitoids of the Argolik complex at the end of the accretion-collision stage of evolution of the Altai-Sayan region, in particular, the Tannu-Ola terrane. These are predominantly felsic ferroan metaluminous and weakly peraluminous nappe volcanic rocks resulted from the differentiation of tholeiitic basalts. Their REE patterns, like those of the Argolik granitoids, are flat in the HREE region, show a distinct Eu anomaly, and suggest magma generation at shallow depths in the upper crust. The magmatic source was of subduction origin, as evidenced by the negative Ta-Nb anomalies in the multielement patterns and by εNd(T) = 3.1-5.6, and has a Neoproterozoic model age, TNd(DM-2st) = 0.69-0.94 Ga.

We present the results of study of the influence of trap magmatism on the geochemical composition of brines and on the geothermal regime of the Earth’s interior in the western areas of the Kureika syneclise. The Siberian trap province, which unites all cutting and layered tholeiite-basic magmatic intrusions and erupted basaltic lava, is the world’s largest Phanerozoic continental basalt province. Brines, hydrocarbon deposits, and organic matter of the sedimentary cover were subjected to a significant thermal impact as a result of the Permo-Triassic trap magmatism. During the trap intrusion, the maximum paleotemperatures in major Silurian (D’yavol), Ordovician (Baikit), and Cambrian (Deltula-Tanachi, Abakun, and Moktakon) productive horizons reached 650 ºC. The Paleozoic and Proterozoic deposits of the study area contain brines with TDS = 50-470 g/dm3. By chemical composition, they are of Na, Na-Ca, Ca-Na, Ca-Mg, and Ca chloride types (according to the classification by S.A. Shchukarev), with mixed Ca-Na and Na-Ca chloride brines dominating. The studied brines can be divided into three groups according to the degree of metamorphism: low (S1), medium (S2), and high (S3). The first group includes mainly sodium chloride brines with TDS = 50-370 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.60-0.95; S ≤ 100). The second (dominating) group comprises Na-Ca, Ca-Na, Ca, and Ca-Mg chloride brines with TDS = 150-470 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.10-0.87; 100 ≤ S ≤ 300). The third group is Ca-Na and Ca chloride brines with TDS = 223-381 g/dm3 (rNa/rCl = 0.12-0.45; S ≥ 300). We have first established changes in the hydrogeochemical field (major- and trace-component and gas compositions) with distance from the contacts of intruded dolerite sills and dikes. Hydrocarbons (CH₄, C₂H₆, C₃H₈, i-C₄H₁₀, n-C₄H₁₀, i-C₅H₁₂, n-C₅H₁₂, and C₆H₁₄) and water-soluble components I, B, and NH4 were most actively subjected to destruction. For example, at a distance of 100 m from the intrusion zone, the water-dissolved gases are dominated by CO₂ (>90 vol.%), and CH4 amounts to 5 vol.%, whereas at a distance of 250 m, the concentration of CO₂ decreases to 30 vol.%, and that of CH4 increases to 60-70 vol.%. In addition to the negative effect on the hydrocarbon preservation in the contact zone (≤400 m), the intrusive trap magmatism favored the formation of hydrocarbons in remote horizons. The reaction of intruding traps with brines of the sedimentary cover led to the saturation of the latter with iron, aluminum, and silica, which suggests extraction of metals in the form of salts from magmatic melts into an ore-bearing fluid.

The western part of the wide Amerasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean includes two small basins: the Podvodnikov and the Makarov ones. Analysis of the data on the sedimentary-cover structure and the crustal-subsidence history suggests that despite the large depth of water (3-4 km), both basins are underlain by continental crust. Before the rapid formation of deep-water basins in the early Miocene, the crustal surface was close to the sea level for a long time. Lithospheric stretching made only a minor input to the crustal subsidence. The main cause of the subsidence was prograde metamorphism in the lower continental crust with the transformation of gabbroids into denser eclogite-type rocks. The P -wave velocities in eclogites and mantle peridotites are rather similar. Therefore, when interpreting the seismic data, high-velocity eclogites are commonly considered as the uppermost part of the mantle located below the Moho, while the overlying rocks are shown as attenuated continental crust in the Podvodnikov Basin and as oceanic crust in the Makarov Basin. The proposed mechanism makes it possible to modify the model of crustal structure and to interpret high-velocity eclogites as the lower part of the continental crust that has undergone prograde metamorphism under the impact of mantle fluids.

The depth to magnetic sources in twenty Arctic tectonic provinces is determined from azimuthally averaged Fourier power spectra of geomagnetic anomalies according to the EMAG2v3 and WDMAM 2.0 global models. The resulting depths to the centroid and bottom of the magnetic lithosphere are more reliable than the depth to the upper magnetic boundary. The depth to the bottom of magnetic sources, corresponding to the Curie point depth, varies from 25.3 to 38.1 km in different provinces. The Curie point depth estimates are correlated with several parameters of the lithosphere. They are directly proportional to the lithospheric thickness and inversely proportional to average upper mantle temperatures, but the relationship with the intensity of long-wavelength satellite magnetic anomalies and crustal thickness is poor. The magnetic sources are located at crustal depths in most of the provinces, but the upper mantle may be magnetic beneath deep-water oceanic basins and the Laptev Sea. The results for the Laptev Sea shelf support a passive mechanism of current lithospheric extension in the area.

This paper presents a revision for the genus Nganasanella Rosova, 1963, first described in the stratotype of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage of the Kulyumbe River section (northwest of the Siberian platform). This section is typical for the upper Cambrian sediments of the Kotuy-Igarka facies region, formed in a shallow marine shelf. As shown by the study, the genus comprises seven species. The species N. nganasanensis Rosova, 1963 (type species), N. tavgaensis Rosova, 1963, N. glabella (Kobayashi), 1943, N. granulosa Rosova et Makarova, 2009, and N. vernacula Rosova et Makarova, 2009 are found in the Siberian Platform. The species N. australica sp. nov. occurs in northeastern Australia. The species N. trisulcatus (Ergaliev), 1980 is widespread in southern Kazakhstan. Some species ( N. granulosa and N. vernacula ) are found in open marine facies sediments along with the cosmopolitan agnostid species Glyptagnostus reticulatus (Angelin), 1851, serving as a marker of the lower boundary of upper Cambrian strata in the International Chronostratigraphic Chart and the General Stratigraphic Chart of Russia. The species N. trisulcatus and N. australica are found slightly above Glyptagnostus reticulatus . Representatives of the genus Nganasanella are a link between strata of different facies containing different trilobite associations. Their stratigraphic position can serve as an argument for the correlation of the Kulyumbean Regional Stage with units containing Glyptagnostus reticulatus , i.e., the Omnian and Idamean regional stages, the lower parts of the Kutugunian Horizon and the Sakian Regional Stage, and the Paibian Stage of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart.

Eight dinocyst-based and three spore- and pollen-based biostratigraphic units are defined in the Kimmeridgian, Volgian, and Hauterivian of the Gorodishchi section, based on a biostratigraphic analysis of the successions of marine and terrestrial palynomorphs. Algological assemblages are described in more detail, and additional criteria for the definition of dinocyst zones established by previous researches are given. A more detailed biostratigraphic subdivision of the middle part of the Volgian is proposed. A local dinocyst zone in the Hauterivian and a biostratigraphic succession of spore-pollen units in the entire section are described for the first time. The research results demonstrate that the boundaries of many palynostratigraphic units exhibit a considerable correlation potential. Based on a biofacies analysis of the microphytoplankton, the dynamics of transgressive-regressive events is studied in relation to the accompanying oxygen and trophic conditions. Possible relationships between marine paleoenvironments and climatic changes reconstructed on the basis of spore-pollen data are discussed.

The paper presents a new seismogravimetric method for estimating static corrections used in processing of seismic data and in construction of time and depth sections. The method efficiency is demonstrated by comparison of the results of industrial and new experimental processing of data for the western slope of the Nepa-Botuobiya anteclise.

A comprehensive study of Domanik deposits of the Timan-Pechora Basin has been carried out. The examined composition of hydrocarbon biomarkers, chemical structure of kerogen, carbon isotope composition, and rock lithology, the Rock-Eval pyrolysis data, and the contents of bitumen and C_org in the rocks give an insight into the geochemical processes in the oil window in the Domanik deposits, which took place at T_max = 435-450 ºC. The bitumen coefficient β^CB is maximum in this temperature interval, reaching 30 %. The obtained data on the distribution of polycyclic biomarkers in the Domanik rocks and the bituming and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data allowed determining the boundary values of biomarker maturity coefficients in the study of the maturation of organic matter of the rocks. The carbon isotope composition of bitumen fractions in the Domanik rocks is considered, and the bimodal distribution of the δ¹³C values of the bitumen is shown.

The homologous series of high-molecular weight dimethylalkanes (HMWDMAs) with either odd- or even-numbered carbon chains in the range from C_19-20 to C_30-31 have been identified in organic matter from recent and partially lithified deposits of Siberia and the Russian Platform by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The first homologous series is represented by even-numbered 3,4-HMWDMAs followed by the alternation of odd-numbered 3,5-HMWDMAs, even-numbered 3,6-HMWDMAs, and odd-numbered 3,7-HMWDMAs. The most abundant are 3,7-dimethylalkanes. The microbial origin of high-molecular weight dimethylalkanes is the most likely explanation for their presence in the fossil organic matter. The precursors of HMWDMAs might have been tetra- and diether lipids of archaea and bacteria. It is assumed that HMWDMAs and other immature hydrocarbons from great depths (SV-27 and SG-6 superdeep boreholes) result from the decomposition of asphaltenes, which occluded the related compounds inside their structure during the early stages of generation and carried them unchanged throughout the «oil window».