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A hyperbolic character of the convective part of the flow of an air-helium mixture through a granulated sorbent layer with allowance for the Forchheimer filtration is demonstrated. A numerical model of a one-dimensional flow of the air-helium mixture through an adsorber filled by a granulated sorbent with due allowance for air and helium diffusion inward cylindrical granules and helium confinement in microspheres. Within the framework of this model, verification of a numerical algorithm in problems of gas filtration through a porous medium and propagation of a pressure wave formed by the incident shock wave over a gas medium is performed. Experimental and numerical data are obtained and are found to be in good agreement. The enrichment phase is modeled by the method of short-cycle adsorption with the use of a bifunctional sorbent based on microspheres. It is demonstrated that the mass fraction of helium in the air-helium mixture can be almost doubled (from 0.7 to 1.3%)with the helium extraction degreeof 9 0.4%.

The characteristics and mathematical modeling of the behavior of a low-temperature direct current electric discharge plasma ignited between an aluminum anode and an electrolytic cathode (3% NaCl solution in purified water) at atmospheric pressure have been studied. The discharge is ignited by immersing the metal anode into the electrolytic cathode. The types and forms of plasma structures generated in the interelectrode gap are considered. The results of high-speed recording of the processes of breakdown and combustion of the discharge are presented. The electrophysical parameters of the discharge, including pulsations, current and voltage fluctuations, have been studied. The emission spectroscopy method was used to determine the discharge radiation spectrum, plasma composition, electron concentration, and temperature of heavy plasma components. The thermograms of the surface of liquid non-metallic and metallic electrodes in the discharge burning zone are considered. The results of numerical simulation of the electric field strength and the initial stage of the discharge are presented.

Thin films of amorphous nonstoichiometric silicon oxide (a-SiO_x:H, 0 < x < 2) have been synthesized by gas-jet deposition with activation by an electron-beam plasma. The stoichiometric coefficient of the a-SiO_x:H films was varied in the range 0.47-1.63 depending on the parameter R determined by the mixture flow rate Ar-SiH4. High-temperature (at a temperature of 950°C for 2 h) annealing of a-SiO_x:H thin films led to the formation of 8.3-12.3 nm crystalline silicon nanoparticles. It is shown that with an increase in the parameter R, the degree of crystallinity of the annealed films increases up to 66%. It has been suggested that the position of the peak of nanocrystalline silicon in the Raman spectra is affected by mechanical stresses. As a result of a quantitative assessment of such a stress, the values of 1.0-1.7 GPa are obtained.

The protective performance of a three-layer explosive welded composite plate consisting of steel and aluminum plates is studied in ballistic experiments and numerical simulations. The mechanism of target plate failure under the impact of spherical fragments is investigated.

Variational formulations are proposed for the equations describing the stationary states of nonisothermal one-dimensional reactors, including those under convective transfer. For the proposed variational formulations, several variants of the numerical solution are considered (based on the method of local variations and the Rayleigh-Ritz method). The features of the use of numerical methods in solving the considered problems are discussed: convergence, the ratio of the spatial grid step to the degree of the approximating polynomial. Modifications of the problem of thermal ignition are considered taking into account convective transfer and heat losses. A variational principle is proposed that determines the structure of the combustion front at a given propagation velocity. It is shown that this variational principle can be used along with the principle of minimum entropy production for a complete solution of the problem of stationary propagation of an exothermic reaction wave.

Results of studying the problem of an unsteady fluid flow along an instantaneously stretching (shrinking) non-rotating disk with an infinite radius are reported. The velocity of the shrinking disk surface is chosen in such a way that the problem allows the existence of an exact similarity solution. The original problem is reduced to an initial-value problem, which is solved numerically by using the shooting and Newton-Raphson methods. A detailed study of the existence and uniqueness of the solution is performed.

Introduction. The request for an analysis of the ongoing changes in Russian education contributes to the search for fundamental guidelines that meet the challenges of our time. It is increasingly difficult for modern society and the individual to cope with the overwhelming flow of information, which actualizes the need for special skills to process incoming data. Knowledge in a number of scientific specialties quickly becomes obsolete, which also means the need to focus in education not on knowledge, but on the formation of skills and abilities. At the same time, the ideal is built over the material. This is the phenomenon of brand consciousness, stereotyping of thinking, consumerism, etc. In order to answer the question “what are the results achieved in the Soviet Union concerning the strategic tasks of the advanced development of the education system as a part of the planned development of the entire economic complex”, the period of educational policy from 1950 to 1980 is considered. Methodology. Historical approaches to understanding the development of general education in the Soviet Union are based on a number of main areas: these are sociocultural trends in identifying education reforms with breakthroughs in science, engineering and technology; these are the laws of increasing the duration of secondary education; it is the fulfillment of the decisions of the XXIII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI Congresses of the CPSU. Discussion. The political assessments of the Soviet education system are considered as a factor motivating the reform of the school. The key stages of the historical evolution of the national education system, the main factors and mechanisms that laid the foundations of the modern structure and state of the modern Russian education system and predetermined both the strengths and weaknesses of its functioning and development are analyzed. Conclusion. It is concluded that in the development of the Soviet school at the stage of 1950-1980. there was no period of the optimal state of the general education system: both in terms of structure and in terms of its content.

Introduction. The necessity of using the conceptual model “community of researchers” for the development of a mixed course in the discipline “Philosophy” based on the LMS Moodle platform and evaluation of its pedagogical design, including using quantitative methods, is substantiated. The research aims to organize group interaction of students based on asynchronous types of communication in an electronic learning environment (LMS Moodle, Blackboard, Open edX and Canvas system). Methodology. The analysis of the main factors of the conceptual model of design and evaluation of a mixed philosophy course is based on normative documents (professional standards and work programs, etc.), as well as the use of digital tools embedded in the e-learning system. Discussion. The essence of the conceptual model “community of researchers” and its connection with social constructivism are analyzed in detail. Identifying the advantages and limitations of the “community of researchers” model in the context of its applicability for assessing the quality of pedagogical design, a scale for evaluating course elements according to the criteria of this model is proposed. As an approbation, the e-learning course philosophy is evaluated for compliance with the conceptual model of the “community of researchers”. Quantitative estimation methods are used. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that the pedagogical design of the mixed course in the discipline philosophy based on the LMS Moodle platform corresponds to the conceptual model “community of researchers” and suggests directions for further research.

Introduction. The development of spirituality is the development of a thought process, an individual act of thought, under the condition of a developed social consciousness, on the basis of which the cause and moral force of anticipating intellectual affect and ethical and moral virtues are determined. In the modern education system, despite a significant number of works devoted to the problem of spirituality, neither the conditions nor the foundations for the development of spirituality as a process have been stated. In order to identify the conditions and means for the development of spirituality as the highest level of consciousness, there is a need to study a dynamic semantic system, including the unity of affective-intellectual processes. Methodology. The categorical-dialectical and cultural-historical approaches make it possible to explore the technologies of human formation (intellectual affects, texts, myths, characteristics of sound, etc.) as possible foundations of spirituality. Empirical study conducted in 2002-2004 on the basis of Kemerovo State University with a category of participants of different ages (from 5 to 45 years old) was aimed at realizing the nature and causes of affects as a basic component of spirituality. Discussion. The conditions and means for the development of spirituality are revealed, the nature and cause of affects are determined as the basis of consciousness, the mechanism of the unity of affective-intellectual processes and meaning formation. By means of categories, ideal forms, myths, texts, characteristics of sound, the conditions for the development of spirituality are revealed. This is the developed social consciousness and individual mental fields, the possibility of implementing an individual act of thought by the subject. The study generates the grounds, conditions and possibilities of the created self-governing structure of states-affects by means of the difference in natural energy potentials corresponding to specific affects. Conclusion. The unity of affect and intellect generates the simultaneous action of “emotional intelligence” and “intellectual affect” as new concepts that allow realizing the conditions and foundations for the development of spirituality. Identified techniques of human education, the basis of which are spiritual practices implemented in work with audiences of various age categories with a variety of educational and social potential.

Introduction. The idea of conceptual pluralism, which constitutes the semantic content of the science of Education, has received a resonant discourse in the Russian and foreign philosophy of Education. The review article aims to study and comprehend key theories, conceptual positions and educational paradigms within the framework of the socio-philosophical dialectic of the evolutionary processes of Education. The methodology of the review material is set by the framework of the studied scientific articles in the “Philosophy of Education” journal in the period 2011-2015 and is based on the use of analytical methods of interpretation of author’s discourses. Discussion. The study of research programs for the development of the philosophy of Education allowed us to identify a body of conceptual prerequisites that are the basis for the creation of the theory and practice of the development of the philosophy of Education. The assessment of the limits of applicability of the presented concepts is carried out, the problems and contradictions associated with their consideration in educational practice are identified. The need to study conceptual pluralism in education is dictated by the search for vectors of the direction of human society development and the role of Education in this progress. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the research material, it is shown that with substantial differences in the developed methodological approaches to the philosophy of Education, there is a relatively stable corpus of key concepts (subjectivity of Education; integration of science, education and production; pluralism of opinions; various algorithms for evaluating state reforms; rationality, criticality, etc.). This corpus reflects the primacy of ontological, epistemological, axiological and praxiological (instrumental) educational alternatives. Their heuristic potential is significant for understanding the fundamental foundations of modern education, and is also applicable as a methodological tool for designing educational programs for strategic and tactical purposes.