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V.S. Ikonnikov made a review of the critiques of the apocryphal stories in works by Maximus the Greek. The paper objective is to investigate several texts by Maximus the Greek not included mostly into the author’s codes of the learned monk that expose apocryphal contents of certain narratives. Two writings- miniatures, “An answer about the heaven’s epistle” and “Tale of Jesus Christ’s priesthood”, are the theologian responses regarding apocryphal stories. In the first brief statement, Maximus the Greek simply denies the existence of the epistle granted by God. It is known that the original text of “Tale of Jesus Christ’s priesthood” is on manuscript margins of the mid XVI century kept in the Russian State Library (fond 173/I № 57) as an autograph comment for the apocrypha by Theodosius the Jew. In such a context, the literary monument has been preserved as part of other collections of the XVI-XVII centuries. In his tale, Maximus the Greek made three statements contesting Jesus Christ’s priesthood. “The epistle to a certain man” contains the critique of the collected works “Lucidarius” sent to a certain George and translated from German. The article contains assumptions regarding the addressee’s personality, and details of two versions of the Epistle, the Slavic and Troitsk versions, known as parts of the hand-written collections of the late XVI-XVII centuries. The main feature of the Troitsk version consists in inserts of quotations from Lucidarius into the author’s text, likely made by an editor from the XVII century: they accompany the statements of Maximus the Greek and ensure their perception by the reader. The versions differ by the content amount. Another anti-apocryphal writing by Maximus the Greek “The tale of handwritten recording of sins” has been preserved in two versions, its handwriting tradition has been described.

The article introduces a new ego-document - a notebook of the merchant Andrey Konovalov from Turinsk. The notes date back to the mid XVIII century and record mainly the dates of the merchant’s movement along the rivers of Siberia to buy and sell goods. The way laid through Tyumen, Tobolsk, Samorov Yam, Surgut, Narym, Yeniseisk and other cities, but the trip’s ultimate goal was Kyakhta - the Russian-Chinese trade center. The private fur trade was forbidden that time by the state, which sent its caravans to China. Obviously, Andrey Konovalov participated in smuggling furs, so some notes were made with cryptography - transliterated in Latin. Andrei Konovalov’s notebook is one of the earliest ego-documents related to the Siberian merchant class. The records reflect the difficulties of the river route, Baikal storms. There was Chinese fabrics’ trade besides furs. In addition to business records, the book contains several family dates, a list of purchases for oneself (including icons), and a rewritten news on the discovery of Dimitri of Rostov’s relics. The document is preserved as a manuscript in the collection of Vladimir Malyshev Archive of Ancient Relics at the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The second part of the manuscript is a dictionary of foreign words appeared in the Russian language and drawn from various books of the XVIII century. As a whole, the manuscript demonstrates its owner as an educated person. The publication of Turinsk Merchant’s notebook is preceded by an introductory article, restoring the chronological sequence of the entries with relevant comments. The historical context for understanding the manuscript is provided by the writings of historians and travelers of the XVIII century: Gerard Friedrich Miller, Peter Simon Pallas, Alexander Radishchev; as well as works of modern historians. The notebook gives an idea of the goods exchange at the Russian-Chinese border in Kyakhta, allows to restore the portrait of the notes’ author to some extent, to see the circle of his interests.

The article discusses the issue of the building program by Ivan III and its place in the art history. To do this the author correlates Ivan’s personality and the list of his architectural works. The issue is studied not in frames of archaeology, but in terms of anthropology, that requires the typological approach application. The author relies on published architectural and religious materials to identify the types-symbols inherent in the Grand Duke’s building activities. Firstly, the paper studies the character and objects of private patronage of such XV century European rulers as bishop of Rome Nicholas V, Cosimo de’ Medici, Francesca Sforza, Jan Zamoyski and others. Many of them needed the state representation effective forms. Therefore, the arts patronage developed more actively during the Renaissance. Then the author turns directly to the activities of Ivan III; notes both possible borrowings and explicit recycling samples of building programs. For example, Ivan III was the patron of architects, who were parts of the New Professionalism in the Renaissance. The Russian ruler invited such architects as Aristotle Fioravanti, Aloisio the Old, Aloisio the New, Antonio Gislardi, Marco Ruffo and Pietro Antonio Solari. They were all representatives of a Renaissance type architect of the post-classical history. The fact of these Italians invitation brought the author to the dilemma of the Grand Duke’s religious and secular character. It was impossible to bypass it as Ivan III was very different from the patrons mentioned above. First of all, he was far from the Renaissance humanism. The paper concludes that Ivan’s building program has a number of unique features: its first half is medieval in style, but by design repeats the new modern trend to represent spectacularly the new power; all architectural objects are full of religious meaning, but, at the same time, it is a common case of typically secular ambitions of the ruler. Sophia Palaiologina and her entourage reinforced the influence of features of the post-classical history in her husband’s program. Therefore, the author considers that only the program’s second half should be regarded equal to its European counterparts. The five symbolic families (“Respect to the memory, deeds and glory of ancestors”, “Honor to the patron Saint”, “Vow and thanksgiving to God”, “Moscow is the third Rome”, “Care for the afterlife”) are the base of the building program typology. Thirty-nine architectural works are compiled at the summary table.

The article analyzes A.H. Chakirov’s activity (1907-1912) in the position of Usinsk border chief, who was responsible to administrate the Russian population in the Usinsk district and control Russian-Tuvan relations. The paper objective is to analyze the content and main directions of Russian-Tuvan relations during Staff Captain A.H. Chakirov’s tenure of office. The study methodology is based on the historicism principle, which allows seeing historical processes and events in their real development and interrelation. The author has used an integrated approach as well as comparative historical analysis of archival sources that provide an objective analysis and assessment of facts related to the investigation in their entirety. The source basis of the article consists of previously unpublished archival documents (reports, correspondence, etc.), which give an opportunity to rediscover main milestones in the border chief’s activities related to Tuva. It is claimed that the border chief initiated the resettlement of Usinsk old-timers to Tuva, and it was a spontaneous process. At the same time, A.H. Chakirov paid low attention to the process of rapprochement in cultural and economic terms. Rather, he was a supporter of forceful pressure, as he sought the establishing Russian guards along the Tannu-Ola ridge, setting a military garrison and expanding the Usinsk border department staff. For the first time in historiography the author described in detail the visit of Khemchik ruler M. Khaidyp to the Usinsk settlement in 1907, some important moments of consultations of Tuvan officials with A.H. Chakirov, as well as the results of the All-Tuvan meeting on Tuva self-determination. A.H. Chakirov did not consider industrial and peasant colonization as a way of peaceful annexation of Tuva to Russia. The situation’s escalation forcing the issue of the Tuva expansion led to the development of a military plan to conquer the region. The main thing for him was “a bayonet in front and a yard behind”.

The historical literature reflects the course and significance of a number of All - Union meetings of business executives in 1931-1936. However, the reasons for convening and analyzing the work of the Meeting of Senior Workers of Heavy Industry (September 20-22, 1934) remained outside the attention of researchers. The tradition of focusing on achievements and successes of the Industrial Project in the 1933-1934 overshadowed the negative phenomena in the Soviet industry, first of all, the scale of producing low-quality products, unprofitability of the heavy industry enterprises’ activity; staff turnover high rates. The country’s leadership understood the danger of maintaining such a situation in industry judging by articles in the Newspaper “Pravda” in September 1934. The precedent of the First All-Union Conference of Workers of Socialist Industry (January 30 - February 4, 1931), initiated by Stalin, suggested the format of using the experience of directors to restore order in the “socialist industry”. The analysis of the Meeting of the Leaders of Heavy Industry proceedings, published in a circulation of 15 thousand copies, allows us to draw a number of important conclusions. Representatives of the top and middle managers of Soviet industry unequivocally spoke out in favor of limiting the interference of party committees in the affairs of enterprises; opposed the assault methods of work generated by voluntarism in planning. Business executives called for expanding the enterprise rights in the fields of wages and technical rationing and establishing material incentives and technical rationing; talked about the need to abandon equalization in the field of wages. “Production commanders” pointed out the connection between the poor quality of manufactured industrial products and the everyday life of representatives of working collectives, engineering and technical personnel who lived, as a rule, in barracks; condemned cases of underfunding of housing construction. In fact, the directors’ requirements formally related to the production process became a challenge to the economic voluntarism course. The Meeting results received the support of the leadership of the People’s Commissariat of Heavy Industry, but, judging by the coverage in Newspaper “Pravda”, drew a cautious response from Stalin.

The everyday context of Akademgorodok, Novosibirsk Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is considered based on memoirs the first Siberian female academics - P.Y. Kochina, T.I. Zaslavskaya, N.I. Pritvits, R.L. Berg, O.N. Marchuk. The memoirs by M.I. Cheremisina are for the first time introduced into scientific circulation. The everyday life of Akademgorodok is studied from the point of view of women’s social memory using the methodologies of gender history, history of everyday life, history of memory. Important factors in rooting women scholars in the scientific town were prospects in research career, obtaining apartments preserving the capital’s residence, special food supply, freedom and democracy in communication and cultural life. The concentration of intellectuals in Akademgorodok, their daily close communication at work and leisure caused that, firstly, the habitual understanding of the service role of women was already «challenged» by the idea of equal status with men, and secondly, in the rather narrow and isolated space of human contacts of the town, the «load» on marital ties increased. At the background of the food and housing crisis in the country, the everyday life of Akademgorodok is assessed by female scientists in a highly positive way, up to the claims that this is the best place to live in. The idea of creating competitive advantages of the new city of science according to the recipe of using the «matrix» levers of the Soviet command and distribution system for the first decade turned out to be successful.

The Academy of Sciences has consistently maintained a strategy to study Siberia and the Far East throughout its almost three hundred year-old history. Establishing the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1957 according to principles innovative for that time meant a new stage in the state scientific policy implementation. For the first time in the science history, the Siberian Branch united the scientific institution network beyond the Urals both organizationally and territorially. The evolution of developing the academic institutions was from single hospitals to complex research centers of the Siberian Branch of the USSR/RAS Academy of Sciences. Along with the scientific institution creation in the region, the system of academic libraries has been developed to form scientific collections, provide information support for research and engineering, and preserve the historical, cultural and scientific heritage. Establishing and developing the research and publishing activity of SB RAS demonstrate interesting features that indicate, on the one hand, purposeful work to create a regional publishing structure meeting the requirements of the Academy of Sciences, and, on the other hand, the Branch leadership autonomy to realize the idea of creating own publishing house becoming more self-reliant to produce scientific editions. The paper gives comprehensive analysis of structural transformations carried out in the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in different years, adaptation of means of research information support to changing conditions, which confirms a flexible policy pursued by heads of the department and scientific institutions implementing the transformation tasks in the Academy of Sciences centered on the needs and features of scientific development in the region. The developed information support system for research meets the requirements of the time and contributes to the Siberian science achievements.

The article is devoted to the results of a scientific conference at which the problems of working with ego-documents were discussed. The work of the conference included an educational and scientific block. On the basis of the Yeltsin Center in Yekaterinburg, a series of events was held, designed for a wide audience of high school students, students and teachers of Yekaterinburg universities. The scientific program, organized at the Sinara Center’s lecture hall, consisted of six sessions. The scientific discussion, which developed on the basis of the reports sounded, included a discussion of the issues of methodology, source study and harmonization of historical and literary traditions in the study of a wide range of sources united by the common concept of “ego-documents”.

Introduction. Modern humanity is at a crossroads to a new system. In this connection, a question is topical about the possibility of a transition to an egalitarian form of social organization and the role of education in this process. Various points of view about possible paths to an egalitarian society are present in science and are reflected in the content of education. The article presents the results of a critical analysis of the ontology and the theoretical and methodological arsenal of the theory of modernization and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture in the field of solving the problems of modern education, and also shows the advantages of the world-system approach. Methodology. The concept of “paradigm” (T. Kuhn) and the idea of I. Lakatos that a paradigm has an advantage if the research program formed within its framework has a large empirical area are used as a methodological basis. Discussion. The modernization theory and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture are conflicting paradigms regarding the world-systems approach. Modernization theory proclaims the values of an egalitarian society, but due to the limited ontology and theoretical and methodological arsenal, it does not provide an opportunity to see, and, consequently, solve the real problems of the modern world and education that contradict these values. The criticism of the neo-institutional concept of a world culture that exists in scientific publications makes it possible to raise the question of the regressive nature of its research program. Conclusion. The theory of modernization and the neo-institutional concept of a world culture are Eurocentric concepts, whose supporters describe the process of spreading egalitarian values, but both directions are reflections of the ideology of the modern world-system and legitimize its expansion.

Introduction. The second part of the article “On the way to the health of society” discusses the problems of finding common ontological and epistemological grounds for substantiating the possibility of forming healthy, harmonious, balanced anthroposocial systems ranging from the initial element of society (man) and up to the noosphere as a healthy planetary sociosphere. The urgency of these problems is increasing due to the development of increasingly large-scale social conflicts - from domestic to global and with the need to find ways of social creation on the way to perfection of individual and social life. Methodology. To consider the problems of a healthy, balanced existence of society, in order to eliminate various social conflicts and pathologies, the following methods are applied: system-philosophical, dialectical methodology; principles of integrity (holism) as opposed to partialism in understanding social reality; applied scientific-theoretical, comparative and axiological methods of cognition. Discussion. The problem of the general ontological foundations of the existence of the World, which are also designated as the Ends of the Universe, is discussed. They are used to construct, deductively, general logical bases for the analysis of social systems - healthy, unhealthy, pathogenic. Attention is drawn to the concentrating substructures of sociosystems represented by the legal system, which determines the overall structural-dynamic, legal-political organization of society. A general classification of ecosociosystems is constructed from the standpoint of the organization of harmonious life on the basis of systemic philosophy and principles of dialectics, which can be used in the future for the practice of social transformations along the path of creation and perfection in the strategy of building a noospheric civilization. Conclusion. The initial foundations of the sociospheric approach to the analysis of the problems of ensuring the health of society are proposed, as one of the possible options for finding ways of social harmony, based on achieving a balance of individual, interpersonal, social, socio-ecological and socio-natural relations in a globalizing society.