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This article analyzes the structure of the economy of Russia along with its European and Asian macrozones by aggregates of types of economic activities (TEA). It substantiates the estimates of macrostructural consequences for the economy transitioning to an equilibrium strategy of making development priorities for TEA aggregates. We propose a scheme to prioritizing socio-economic development by the proportions of value added and people employed. Possible shifts in the value proportions of TEA aggregates during the transition to an equilibrium strategy of shaping employment have been assessed. Another objective has been to clarify the estimations of macrostructural development priorities based on indicators of regional economies' performance. The paper also examines the macrostructural priorities of using added value in the region (for investment, household incomes, and other expenses) and gives prospective assessments of macrostructural changes in the enlarged zones of the Russian Federation till 2030.

At the turn of2000-2010, all constituent entities of the Russian Federation established many regional development institutions (RDI). These are specialized organizations, aimed at increasing investment and creating a favorable regional business environment. However, the presence of a comprehensive support for their activities in terms of methodology, normative and legal regulation remains debatable. The issue, on the one hand, reduces the effectiveness of RDIs; on the other hand, this makes it difficult to develop a unified approach to assessing their contribution to the local economy. The analysis of the correlation between the investment dynamics for 2017-2020 in the Central Federal District with the number of development institutions created in Russian entities shows how multidirectional these characteristics are in the context of individual regions. Our research has been carried out based on practical data from Yaroslavl Oblast. The role and importance of RDIs for the social and economic development of territories are the reasons why we have chosen such institutions as its object. The subject of the study was the search for reserves to improve the effectiveness of RDIs in investment projects. Having analyzed the performance of development corporations, a type of institutions with the widest representation in the Russian constituent entities, and identified challenging conditions for RDIs ’ functioning, we are able to draw a conclusion about the need for significant modernization of regional institutions. Our suggestion is to conduct this toward reestablishing RDIs as a single infrastructure complex, coordinate the work of institutions, as well as to have a clearer distribution of functions performed by them. The results of the study contribute to improving the activities of RDIs and boosting their efficiency in task-solving.

Communities of living beings on our planet are striving to increase in numbers and expand the territory of their habitat. This helps to preserve them selves in the struggle for life, to survive in the process of natural selection. The above is true for human society as well. In it, increasing the population and improving the quality of life are both the goals and the critical resources for development. This article presents the results of the author’s research on the dynamics of the population of the Russian Federation and eighty-two of its administrative-territorial entities between 1990 and 2020. Another focal point is the interregional distribution of monetary incomes of citizens. The performed economic and statistical study has revealed some processes weakening the security of the Russian Federation, such as the depopulation of the country and its regions, the deepening of the territorial differentiation of the population distribution and its monetary income.

This article considers how household income, consumer demand, and savings form amid a crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and fall in prices for exports commodities. We analyze household income, consumer demand, and savings in the context of decile region groups, shaped according to the average income per capita and taking into account interregional price differentiation. We also assess the impact of social support measures as a factor of income stabilization. The article examines the way dynamics and structure of consumer spending depend on household income. Consumer spending is shown to decline even in the regions with an uprise in incomes. As parts of the consumer spending structure, the share of spending on goods increased while that on services decreased in every region. We remark a widespread growth in population savings: in rich regions, it mainly took a form of bank deposits, whereas regions with low incomes had cash money accumulated by the population. Household spending on real estate, including through home loans, went up. Despite fewer loans issued to the population in 2020, the credit burden on incomes grew. The changes in the structure of household expenditures can be viewed as a movement towards the household «survival model».

Studying the accessibility of tourism and recreation is taking on new relevance with stimulating tourist and recreational activities as an indicator of socio-economic development in Russian regions, on the one hand, and of the population’s needs to restore physical and emotional health, on the other. The observed inter-regional differentiation of Russian constituent entities in terms of recreation and tourism opportunities is determined by several factors. The economic one appears to be key, determining whether tourist travel is at all possible and what destinations are chosen by those living in regions. The purpose of this work is to classify regions in Russia, based on the effective demand level indicator, into typological groups by the accessibility of tourism and recreation to the population. We distinguish a total of five typological groups with regions differing in recreation and tourism opportunities. One-fifth of constituent entities in the Russian Federation show high or above-average potential in recreational activity and quality of destination choices. These territories can provide tourists to themselves and other regions, stimulating domestic tourism in Russia, as well as actively consume tourist services abroad. The dominant part of Russian regions (68.2%) belongs to the groups of low and below-average recreation and tourism opportunities. It puts forth the problem of domestic tourism accessibility. Further research will be aimed at identifying the accessibility of domestic tourism for the population residing in the regions from these typological groups, with due regard to price, infrastructure, and other territorial capabilities, across different types of tourism. The study applies the following methods: economic analysis, juxtaposition, comparison, generalization, induction, and deduction.

High-tech business (HTB) drives new products and markets, as well as reshapes traditional industries and ways of doing business, which is one of the key factors in long-term economic development. This article analyzes the state of high-tech business development at the regional level in conjunction with the economic complexity of regional economies. The role of HTB varies significantly in the economies of individual regions. Furthermore, regions differ by their economic complexity. Such an index is calculated based on the local export basket and reflects the availability of special production opportunities for further expansion. The aim of the article is to classify Russian regions, bearing in mind the patterns of HTB evolution and regional economic complexity, in order to then identify leading and outsider regions. The results of our analysis suggest that high-tech business is more extensive and advanced in economically more complex regions. Thus, the economic complexity of regions may be a criterion for determining strategies for their economic development, including measures to support HTB. The article proposes regional economic development policy strategies for the selected groups of regions, which take into account the existing opportunities to make economies more complex.

The article analyzes the processes of human capital reproduction in the Karelian Arctic, one of the regions in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF). Our research aims to identify the spatial differentiation of migration factors for people residing in this region. Migration attitudes of the population serve as the most important indicator that allows us to talk about spatially determined differences amid human capital reproduction. It has been established that the Karelian Arctic, as much as the whole AZRF, is characterized by a decrease in the population due to its normal aging and low rates of natural reproduction. A few indicators reflect the transition to positive dynamics in inter- and intra-regional migration, which is most likely associated with new large city-forming enterprises recently appeared in the Karelian Arctic. The revealed differentiation of the reasons determining the population’s migration attitudes reflects certain social and economic conditions critical for the reproduction of the regional socio-economic system. In the Karelian Arctic, the most prominent among them are the state of health care and education, prevailing economic underdevelopment, and uncertain general prospects for socio-economic development of the region and its municipalities. The pole of economic development and relative social well-being - Kostomuksha municipal district - is an exception to these rules. We uncover how the Karelian Arctic’s economic space differs in terms of human capital reproduction.

The results of a comprehensive assessment of the characteristics of combustion of fuels based on coal sludge with the addition of (5 % wt.) waste turbine oil and wood biomass using the method of multivariate (multicriteria) analysis are presented. The results of experimental studies of the processes of ignition and combustion of fuels, data on the calorific value, ash content, cost, composition of flue gases were used. The mixtures were burned in the form of tablets, layers and drops of an aqueous suspension. A positive effect of the use of additives on the indicators of energy, environmental and complex efficiency of coal sludge combustion was noted. The group of fuels burned in the form of pellets is characterized by the minimum indicators of energy, environmental and complex efficiency. The greatest environmental potential was found in fuels burned in the form of droplets of aqueous suspensions. The results of the study confirm the prospects for energy utilization of a wide range of wastes of coal, oil and vegetable origin as part of mixed fuels.

This paper presents the results of computational and experimental studies of the spark plasma gasification of technogenic carbon-containing wastes in order to obtain high-calorific-value syngas (H₂ + CO) for power generating devices. The composition of the syngas obtained in the process of gasification of organic waste was experimentally determined. The change in the composition and calorific value of the syngas was studied depending on the time of gasification of organic materials. The change in the calorific value of the syngas during waste gasification is shown.

Technological approaches to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in energy production are considered. Three levels of carbon dioxide generation by fuel power plants are identified. Fuel power plants were analyzed in terms of the most sensitive parameters in carbon capture, utilization and storage technologies: pressure, purity, and the amount of generated carbon dioxide. Ranging the carbon dioxide outlet parameters makes it possible to divide power plants into three groups: A, B, and C. Using the screening analysis method developed within a life cycle analysis system, the integral characteristics of the main technologies for utilization CO₂ emissions from energy production are considered depending on the level of technological maturity and market attractiveness. The groups of geological recycling, mineralization, carbonization, and bioutilization that are promising for the Russian industrial and energy complex are identified.