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The results of works on the development and use of remote sensing instrumentation for monitoring of the meteorological state of the atmosphere at IMCES SB RAS are considered including, first of all, instruments for active acoustic sounding together with radiometric (passive) instruments for monitoring the temperature and wind structure, turbulence characteristics in the lower atmosphere, and moisture content in the troposphere. A hardware-software complex for monitoring and forecasting the state of the atmosphere over Tomsk and its vicinity and remote sounding stations distributed over the territory under study (test site) are described.

Results of long-term study of the Earth's natural pulsed electromagnetic field in a very low frequency band in different regions are presented. Laboratory and field experiments show a substantial part of the lithosphere component in the field structure, which allows robust instrumental monitoring of spatial lithospheric structures and irregularities and parameters of dynamic lithosphere-cryosphere-atmosphere interaction processes. The hardware, software, and processing techniques developed are briefly described, which allow a wide variety of geophysical research under conditions of distorted electromagnetic fields.

Gas analyzers based on Raman spectroscopy designed at the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS are described. Their capabilities and advantages are shown in measurements of the composition of fuel gases (natural, bio-, and synthesis gas) and atmospheric and exhaled air. The features of the analyzer operation and the techniques for increasing the measurement accuracy are discussed.

Information is presented on the organization and history of the development of meteorological observations at the Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMCES), from the 2nd category weather station of the DTI SM “Optics” (1994) to the present observations carried out at the Geophysical Observatory (GO) of IMCES, which is a stationary environmental monitoring point. A retrospective of the development of meteorological instrumentation at IMCES is described beginning from the creation of experimental samples of automated systems for operational measurement of optical and meteorological characteristics of the atmosphere (70-80s of the XX century) during testing of different laser systems to the development and creation of meteorological instruments, including automatic ultrasonic weather stations of different purpose and geographically distributed information and measuring systems based on them. A number of the weather stations are included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments.

The history of development and the current state of the created distributed tool for the analysis of large arrays of climate data are briefly described. The potential of the Climate platform is illustrated by its applications in monitoring of current and prediction of possible future climate changes in Siberia, determining regional responses to them, and preparing a quantitative basis for developing adaptation measures. Possible options for creating a virtual research environment and thematic digital twins are discussed, providing specialists in climatology and related areas with opportunities to use modern information and computing technologies and resources in solution of fundamental and applied problems posed by ongoing and projected climate changes.

The spatiotemporal variability of extreme climatic values and dangerous meteorological phenomena in Siberia in 1979-2020 and their trends by the end of the 21st century against the background of global climate change are studied based on ERA5 reanalysis data and observational data at meteorological stations. The combined analysis of the derived estimates of characteristics of these spatiotemporal variations makes it possible to identify the centers of "risk" in the region and to determine the tendencies in their development. The air temperature is found to be increased throughout the territory, while precipitation and wind speed, mainly in northern Western Siberia over 2011-2020. Extreme precipitation increases in summer throughout the region, with the exception of mountainous areas in its southeastern part. In addition, regions affected by heavy rainfall are becoming smaller in area and are located mainly in the south of the region and along its western border. The results of the INM-CM5.0 model calculations revealed the response of the regional climate system to the ongoing global changes: the tendencies towards an expansion in the number of extreme events in the region will persist until 2100.

As a result of large eruptions of tropical volcanoes, a large amount of volcanic aerosol is emitted into the stratosphere and contributes to the formation of positive temperature and negative ozone anomalies in the lower tropical stratosphere. Large eruptions with VEI ³ 5 can cause global ozone loss. A volcanic increase in the temperature of the lower tropical stratosphere leads to an increase in the stratospheric meridional temperature gradient and the subsequent strengthening of the polar vortex. Polar ozone depletion occurs under the conditions of the winter-spring strengthening of the vortex. Stratospheric ozone anomalies due to increased UV-B radiation can manifest themselves in the degradation of coniferous forests, which serve a biosphere indicator of climate change. Massive focal drying of dark coniferous forests has been observed in the mountainous regions of Southern Siberia since the mid-1990s under conditions of an increase in surface UV-B radiation as a result of ozone depletion after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo.

Using ground-based observation and satellite remote sensing data from 2006 to 2020 the smoke effect from distant wildfires in Siberia on the electrical state of the surface air layer has been studied. The cases were considered where smoke covered the troposphere down to the surface layer and where smoke was observed only in the middle and upper troposphere. It is found that smoke from wildfires in these cases has a strong but different effect on the electrical state of the surface air layer.

The data on the seasonal variability of CH₄ fluxes from an oligotrophic anthropogenically disturbed bog in Western Siberia (south of the Tomsk region) are analyzed. Methane fluxes were measured using the close static chamber method. The results show a strong variation in CH₄ (from -0.07 to 4.40 mg × m² h). The total CH₄ flux from the bog surface varied from 0.99 to 2.94 g × m^-2 depending on the growing season. The seasonal dynamics of CH₄ fluxes are characterized by a summer maximum and are closely related to the peat temperature. The use of an exponential function of the peat temperature at different depths explains 81-95% of the variability of the CH4 flux. In general, our data show the importance of studying the CH₄ emission from the surface of bog ecosystems under the anthropogenic load. Comprehensive monitoring will make it possible to clarify the contribution of Western Siberian bogs of this type to the global climate change.

The trends in the development and applications of isotope mass spectrometry in the environmental studies carried out at Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, are briefly reviewed. The use of stable isotopes is shown to be promising in assessment of regional climate changes, simulation of predictive estimates of atmospheric precipitation and sources of their input, paleoclimatic studies, ecological monitoring of atmospheric air, and estimation of the ecological state of bee foraging areas and quality control of honey products.