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Nickel catalysts supported on modified alumina were synthesized, their physicochemical properties and activity in the reaction of autothermal reforming of methane (ATR CH₄) were studied. Regulation of physicochemical and, consequently, functional properties of the samples was performed by the modification of (γ+δ)-Al₂O₃ support with the additives of different composition Ce_1-xM_xO_y (M = Gd, La, Mg; x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1; 1 ≤ y ≤ 2) in the amount of 10 mass %. It is shown that Ni/Ce_1-xM_xO_y/Al₂O₃ are mesoporous materials with specific surface area 80 ± 5 m²/g, slightly changing with the variations of the composition of modifying additive. The phases of alumina (γ+δ)-Al₂O₃, fluorite-like solid solution based on СеО₂ with an average crystallite size 9.0 ± 1.5 nm and nickel oxide NiO are present in the catalysts. The average size of NiO particles is varied in the range from 6.0 to 13.5 nm and is determined by the composition of modifying additive, decreasing with an increase of x, and in the following sequence of oxide additives: CeO₂ > MgО > Gd₂О₃ > La₂O₃. The catalysts are capable of self-activation under the ATR CH₄ reaction conditions, and this effect is enhanced in the following row of M: Mg < Gd < La, which is in good correlation with the reducibility of samples. The optimal catalyst Ni/Се_0.5La_0.5O_1.75/Al₂O₃ is revealed, providing the hydrogen yield of 80 % upon 100 % methane conversion at 850 ^oС. The use of the developed catalysts for the energy-effective conversion of natural and associated petroleum gases into the hydrogen-containing gas is promising.

The results of determining the ash content of perennial and annual plants growing near industrial zones, roads and in the urban environment of the administrative centres of the Novosibirsk Region (Iskitim, Berdsk, Novosibirsk) are presented. These plant habitats differ in the degree of anthropogenic impact on the environment, with the greatest pollution in the city of Iskitim. It is noted that the ash content of the leaves of plants of different systematic groups is determined by many factors, including species and varietal belonging, anthropogenic pollution of the environment, and the features of the growing season. A decrease in the content of ash substances in the leaves of herbaceous plants belonging to the families Hemerocallidaceae > Asteraceae > Iridaceae > Hostaceae > Laminaceae was established.

Red mud containing significant amounts of alumina, iron oxide, titanium dioxide and other valuable components (Ga 0.003-0.005 mass %, V 0.050-0.099 mass %) is the main waste in the alkaline extraction of alumina from alunites according to the Bayer method and a promising raw material for obtaining gallium and vanadium. The degree of sulphatization of gallium and vanadium from red mud during sulphating roasting was investigated. The technological scheme of sulphating process includes three main stages: 1) missing the moistened initial material with concentrated sulphuric acid; 2) sulphating roasting; 3) water leaching of the sulphated mass. The majority of minerals are transformed through sulphatization into the corresponding sulphate compounds. During subsequent roasting, unstable sulphates (mainly ferric sulphate) are decomposed to form the corresponding oxides, while other metals remain in the form of sulphates (Al₂(SO₄)₃, Ga₂(SО₄)₃, VOSO₄). As a result of leaching of the sulphated mass with water, iron and silicon oxides stay in the residue, while the sulphates of aluminium, gallium and vanadium pass into solution. The maximal degree of gallium and vanadium sulphatization under the conditions of laboratory experiments was detected within the range of 600-640 °C. The determination changes in the mineralogical composition of the sulphated mass of red mud were studied by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis. The developed method of gallium and vanadium extraction from red mud is distinguished by its simplicity and efficiency.

The high cost of hydrocatalytic processes is the reason of the attention of researchers to the search for alternative ways to process high-sulphur vacuum distillates. Pre-oxidation followed by cracking is considered as a promising method for refining petroleum products. This approach enables efficient destruction of polyaromatic sulphur-containing compounds in heavy hydrocarbon raw materials yielding additional amounts of distillate fractions. The effect of nano-sized molybdenum powder on the composition and quality of the products of cracking of vacuum gasoil oxidized preliminarily with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide with formic acid was investigated. It was demonstrated that the use of an optimal amount of nanosized molybdenum powder as the additive allows a substantial decrease in gas generation due to a decrease in the rates of aromatization and dealkylation of the oxidized high-molecular compounds including sulphur-containing ones. The effect of the amount of Mo additive on the transformation patterns of such sulphur-containing compounds as thiophene, benzo- and dibenzothiophene during the combined process was revealed. The changes in the structural-group parameters of resins and asphaltenes in the products of cracking of oxidized vacuum gasoil in the presence of the additive in different amounts were investigated. The data obtained allow us to extend our understanding of thermal transformations of the oxidized components of vacuum gasoil, which is an important step in the development of a technological scheme for processing high-sulphur gasoils relying on the combination of preliminary oxidation and cracking.

A brief review summarizes the results of integrated pharmacological and physicochemical studies carried out in the Russian Academy of Sciences, focused on the supramolecular systems for the delivery of the molecules of medicinal substances based on water-soluble plant metabolites - polysaccharides and glycyrrhizic acid, as well as its derivatives. The promising potential of the development of medicines, dietary supplements and plant protection products of increased efficiency and safety is shown. The advantages of the solid-phase mechanochemical technology for obtaining water-soluble compositions of poorly soluble drugs are demonstrated.

Mechanoemission-related data obtained at the ISSCM SB RAS, and the most essential results from the literature are reviewed. The consequences of strong electron emission were recorded in the spectra of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic resonance at room temperature. Anisotropic noise-like spectra of ferromagnetic resonance with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 10¹-10⁵ were observed after single acts of shock mechanical loading in a number of non-magnetic dielectrics, including NaF, KBr, NH₄I, TiO₂, Al (OH)₃, and others. Ferromagnetism is associated with the formation of metastable electron-hole states resulting from charge separation in slip planes under mechanical loading of powders. The relationship between intense mechanoemission of electrons and the formation of the dynamic state, namely dense aerosol of charged particles (gas dusty plasma), is highlighted. The features of a new class of eco-engineering facilities with the general name Electro Mass Classifier (EMC) based on the generation and relaxation of gas-dusty plasma are described. The results of model experiments on EMC showing the complexity of the ongoing processes but allowing one, to a certain extent, to predict trends, implement scaling and optimization of the technique are presented. The most promising areas of EMC application are listed, including the separation of dielectric powders, semiconductors and metals within a wide range of particle sizes ~10^-1-10² microns. In combination with planetary mills, EMC is used for nano-architectural design of composite materials. Effective removal of dust from fine natural and technogenic raw materials provides the possibility of dry selective separation.

The works carried out at the ISSCM SB RAS on the mechanochemistry of biopolymers and related applications in plant raw material processing and feed preparation are reviewed. The main features of the cell structure and composition of plant materials essential for mechanochemical processing are considered. The possibility to use mechanochemical hydrolysis to process biopolymers (polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols) for the production of digestible low molecular weight compounds was demonstrated, including the joint mechanochemical processing of the mixtures of powders of plant materials and solid reagents. Biologically active mechanochemical preparations were used in food processing technologies, and as part of feed to increase the productivity and improve the health of animals.

A detailed study of the phase composition, transport and thermodynamic characteristics of the systems based on mono- and disubstituted phosphates of cesium and rubidium (1-x)MH₂PO₄-xM₂HPO₄·2H₂O (M=Rb, Cs) within a wide range of compositions (0≤х≤1) was performed. For these systems, new phases were identified, and their transport and thermal characteristics were determined. For cesium compounds, the new Cs₃(H₂PO₄)(HPO₄)·2H₂O salt was found at x = 0.5. Cs₃(H₂PO₄)(HPO₄)·2H₂O single crystals were synthesised and their crystal structure was determined for the first time, as well as thermodynamic characteristics and proton conductivity. It was shown that the compound does not have a superionic phase transition. In the rubidium system, a monophase region at x = 0.25 was found, corresponding to Rb₅H₇(PO₄)₄ compound. Its electrotransport and thermodynamic properties were investigated. It was shown that Rb₅H₇(PO₄)₄ has a phase transition at 252°C to the high-temperature phase, which is characterised by high proton conductivity. For other mole fraction x values for (1 - x)MH2PO4 / xM2HPO4•2H2O (M = Rb, Cs), binary phase regions are realized; these two phases include the initial component, which dominates within this composition range, and the nely formed compound, which significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the system.

This paper presents the results on the development of microtubular solid oxide fuel cells (MT SOFC). A review of the literature data on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is also presented. The procedure of MT SOFCs manufacture by means of the phase inversion technique and characterization methods are described. A measuring cell to determine the current-voltage characteristics of MT SOFC is described. The obtained data allow us to outline further routes to increase the capacity of MT SOFCs.

Results of the investigation of the structure of zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite formed during low-temperature solid phase mechanochemical synthesis are presented. . It is shown that a single-phase zinc-substituted hydroxyapatite with a degree of substitution of up to 0.4 mol per mole of apatite is formed in a planetary ball mill AGO-2 after 30 minutes of mechanical impact on the mixture of initial reagents (CaHPO4, CaO, Zn(H2PO4)2•2H2O). Two types of substitution reactions for zinc ions were studied: the substitution of calcium ions and hydroxide ions. The dynamics of lattice parameters of the synthesized samples showed that zinc ions most probably occupy the positions of calcium ions in the course of mechanochemical synthesis. After high-temperature treatment, the positions of zinc ions change: they are moved into the hydroxyl channel on the c axis, displacing OH groups and forming O-Zn-O chains elongated along the c axis. The limit of substitution in this case is reduced to 0.2 mol of zinc. The synthesized samples may be used to obtain medical bioresorbable hardware and coatings with antibacterial properties.