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To detect ecotoxicants in the atmosphere by absorption spectroscopy, it is necessary to know their spectroscopic parameters. The absorption spectra of chloroform in a gas phase in the 2-mm wavelength subranges, where spectroscopic data are absent, were measured using high resolution spectrometer with phase-switching. The experimental results were compared with theoretical estimates of the absorption rotational line central frequencies. After preliminary measurements in the 118.6-118.9 GHz subrange, their comparison with the literature data, and confirmation of the possibility of reliable detection of absorption lines in the spectrum, the absorption lines for CH³⁵Cl₃ in the ground and in excited vibrational states (ν₃, 2ν₃) in the 131 ÷ 132, 137 ÷ 139, 150 ÷ 152, and 156 ÷ 158 GHz spectral ranges have been revealed and identified. Presented results can be used for detection of CH³⁵Cl₃ in the atmosphere.

This study is devoted to the development of a trace method for monitoring tritium isotopologues of water (HTO and T₂O) using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The actuality of the work is due to the need to monitor tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen formed as a result of man-made processes, including accidents at nuclear power plants. The main objective was to estimate the sensitivity of IR spectroscopy for detecting low concentrations of HTO and T₂O in water vapors, which is critical for the operational monitoring of radioactive contamination. The work uses spectroscopic data from theoretical calculations and experimental measurements, including absorption line parameters from the spectra.iao.ru and HITRAN2020 databases. The line-by-line method is used to simulate transmission taking into account the refined line broadening coefficients calculated using the author's technique. The main results include: improved line broadening parameters, which increased the simulation accuracy; revealing of optimal spectral ranges for detecting HTO (1227-1236, 2219-2226 cm^-1), and the intervals for T₂O (930-990, 1092-1010 cm^-1) located in the atmospheric window (8-12 μm); estimation of the detection threshold for tritium isotopologues at a level of 0.01-0.05% of the concentration of the main isotopologue H₂¹⁶O. The obtained results open up opportunities for creating real-time tritium monitoring systems, which is important in assessing environmental and radiation risks. Promising areas for further research are adaptation of the method to field conditions taking into account the atmospheric influence and integration of spectroscopic data into climate models. The work contributes to the development of environmental monitoring and radiation safety methods.

When studying the propagation of optical radiation through the atmosphere, it is important to take into account its possible distortions due to turbulence of temperature and wind fields. The dependence of the structure characteristic of the refractive index of optical waves in the surface air layer on temperature gradients and wind velocity, as well as on turbulent heat fluxes and friction (dynamic) velocity is considered based on experimental data received in 2024 at the Basic Experimental Observatory of Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS (Tomsk, Russia) with an ultrasonic anemometer-thermometer (ultrasonic weather station) and a meteorological temperature profiler. Some regularities are identified in the correlation between the structure characteristic and the meteorological parameters. It is noted that high values of the structure characteristic can take place under conditions of temperature inversions. The results can be useful in solving problems of atmospheric optics, in particular, propagation of laser radiation.

Use of high stacks for removal of hydrocarbon fuel combustion products at thermal power plants allows to significantly reduce air pollution levels. The article discusses a method for estimating the rise rates and buoyancy flows of smoke emissions from thermal power plant stacks based on similarity and dimensionality relationships, hydrodynamic models, and satellite information. The proposed method was tested using a winter satellite image of smoke plumes and their shadows on the earth's surface as applied to the high stacks of the Gusinoozerskaya GRES. The wind and air temperature fields were calculated using the WRF mesoscale model adapted to the Baikal natural territory. The results of the study enable, under conditions of very limited input information, to characterize the active stage of smoke plume rise and to monitor the modes of impurity emissions from industrial enterprise stacks based on buoyancy flow estimates.

Snow cover is an effective accumulator of dust fallout and provides objective information on the level of pollution. Pollution is among key factors that determine life quality in a city and is seriously considered when it comes to people’s residence preferences, house building policy, migration, and other aspects of urban environment management. Accurate pollution estimation and town zoning by pollution level based on these estimates are, therefore, challenges to be taken up in big cities with highly developed industries. This paper deals with the results of the 2018 study of the distribution of snow cover dust loading across Krasnoyarsk. Based on the norm, dust loading appeared to vary from low to high among the city districts. In winter 2018, dust loading dropped averagely 1.3 times as compared to the previous study. The northern and eastern industrial zones (Soviet and Lenin Districts, respectively) encompassing large industries were under the highest dust pollution. The dust pollution of snow cover was low in Krasnoyarsk in 2018.

The paper presents a database of backscattered light matrices for all typical shapes of ice crystals in cirrus clouds, including an aggregate of eight hexagonal columns, which is often used in research. The case of random orientation of a particle in space is considered. A unique feature of this database, in contrast to its analogues, is that it presents solutions for all typical convex crystals of cirrus clouds, as well as particles of a typical non-convex shape - an aggregate. The solution is derived for the particle size range from 10 to 1000 mm for three most commonly used lidar wavelengths: 0.355, 0.532, and 1.064 μm. This database is extremely important for the development of algorithms for interpreting laser polarization sounding data from cirrus clouds using both ground-based and space-based lidars. The database is available in the public domain in a simple text format to facilitate its use by a wide range of scientists.

The paper discusses approaches to increasing the background immunity of the laser fragmentation/laser-induced fluorescence (LF/LIF) method in remote detection of surface traces of organophosphates. The possibility of inducing anti-Stokes fluorescence of PO-fragments (phosphorus oxide molecules) of organophosphates from the first excited vibrational state X ²Π ( v'' = 1) to the electronically excited state A ²Σ⁺ ( v' = 0) by laser radiation at wavelengths of 253.891, 254.021, 255.337, and 255.484 nm near the bandheads of the branches ( Q ₁₁ + P ₂₁), P ₁₁, ( P ₂₂ + Q ₁₂), and P ₁₂, respectively, was experimentally shown. Using the example of drop-liquid traces of triethyl phosphate on a paper surface, it was determined that excitation of P ₁₂ branch lines forming the bandhead ensures the highest background immunity of the LF/LIF method for detecting organophosphates. The results can be used to select the optimal method for excitation of fluorescence of PO-fragments in the practical implementation of the LF/LIF method for remote detection of organophosphate traces.

The use of vortex laser radiation can significantly increase the information capacity of data transmission channels in free-space optical communication systems. However, atmospheric turbulence substantially limits the application of such systems. This work analyzes results of experimental study of the influence of different atmospheric turbulence conditions on vortex laser radiation characteristics. Vortex fields were generated using a phase light modulator; initial distributions of vortex beam intensity were represented by sets of concentric rings. An increase in the topological charge increased the number of those rings and reduced their thickness. It was found that, despite equal initial beam sizes, the diffractive beam size increased with the topological charge by the end of a 500-meter atmospheric propagation path, thus reducing random wandering of beam energy centroid. As the topological charge increases, the relative turbulence-induced broadening also decreases and the scintillation level rises. No dependence was found between the beam topological charge and the radius of the spatial correlation of turbulent intensity fluctuations. The experimental results supplement existing knowledge about the propagation of vortex laser radiation in a turbulent atmosphere and can be used in the design of free-space optical communication systems.

Elements of the anisotropy tensor of wind turbulence in the surface air layer are calculated based on experimental data at different observation points. Their statistics, seasonal and daily variations, and dependence on temperature and wind stratification in the surface layer are analyzed. It is noted that the annual average values of the elements are highly stable despite the elements are significantly variable over short time intervals. The analysis of the effects of temperature and wind stratification of the surface air layer shows the stratification to have the greatest effect on the diagonal elements of the anisotropy tensor.

Atmospheric aerosols transported from deserts is an important factor in oceanography, which affects the productivity of ecosystems, global biochemical cycles, and climate. In this work, we study main optical characteristics of aerosol over the Black Sea derived from measurements onboard Professor Vodyanitsky research vessel (130th and 134th cruises) in March-April 2024 and 2025. In situ, satellite, and model data for days with intense dust transfer from the Sahara Desert are analyzed. It is shown that the concentrations of suspended particles measured with an Espada M3 detector at the time of dust aerosol detection over the region under study exceeded the background values by more than three times. For days with dust transport, the photometric data differed by more than 2.5 times from the background values for the Black Sea region. The results supplement the array of optical characteristics of the atmosphere over the coastal zone and the Black Sea water area and can be useful in verification of the accuracy of standard atmospheric correction algorithms for satellite data.