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Introduction. In the context of institutional changes taking place at the university, building the interaction of the pedagogical university with basic schools is of particular importance for the development of the potential of the university and the regional education system. In order to create a sustainable mechanism for the inclusion of universities in the continuous development of pedagogical workers in the region, there is a need to develop a model of interaction between a pedagogical university and basic schools. The article describes an interaction model developed in the course of a study conducted on the basis of Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University in 2021. Methodology. An analysis of the experience of interaction between universities and schools made it possible to identify empirical models of interaction that currently exist and are being successfully implemented at the same time (event-based random connections, oriented resource exchange, research union, network partnership). Discussion. The model is obtained by integrating the existing empirical interaction models. It ensures the consolidation and joint use of the resources of the pedagogical university and schools to create a single educational space in the region. A prerequisite for integration is: structuring the lines and directions of interaction between the university and the school; implementation of institutional projects at the university; selection of schools that have some characteristics that guarantee effective interaction (basic schools). Taking into account in the model the features of the education system of the region, due to the specifics of its socio-economic development, makes it possible to include a pedagogical university in the regional system of continuous development of pedagogical workers. Conclusion. The implementation of the model is impossible without coordinated actions of the pedagogical university, regional government bodies, professional associations (communities) of pedagogical workers, basic schools, as well as systematic information support for its functioning. The key results of the implementation of the model in the Novosibirsk region are the identified effective methodological initiatives in three areas, ready for scaling in other subjects of the Russian Federation.

Introduction. Modeling of the educational process makes it possible to determine the dependence of the level of project culture on the continuity of graphic education. When recreating the process of developing cognitive interest in the practice of graphic activity, the subject, goals and objectives of modeling were determined. In order to rationally organize the process of continuous graphic education, it is necessary to increase the level of development of cognitive interest, graphic training and the formation of a higher level of project culture. Methodology. The research was carried out by a team of teachers of the Design Department of the Moscow State Technical University named after G. I. Nosov in Magnitogorsk using a comprehensive study of theoretical and design materials to identify individual features of the design of decorative and applied art products based on the stages of graphic activity. Discussion. Today, higher schools highlight the priority direction - the education of a comprehensively developed personality of engineering specialties. At the Moscow State Technical University named after G. I. This happens through the implementation of a teaching methodology focused on special conditions for motivating a student to graphic activity through information technology. The used teaching methodology clearly proves that step-by-step teaching of technical graphics allows you to raise the level of graphic training and creates a basis for the development of the project culture of the future engineer. The study does not exhaust the completeness of the problem of the growth of the level of project culture in the educational process, in general, elaboration and adjustment of each stage of graphic education is required. Conclusion. The implemented methodology included an educational and methodological complex aimed at the step-by-step formation of graphic activity within the educational process by means of drawing graphics. The developed materials can be used by teachers of other universities in teaching engineering graphics.

Commemorative article dedicated to the 90^th anniversary of the outstanding Russian scientist and organizer of science, academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexander Sergeevich Isaev.

The article describes the main stages in the development of biological methods for protecting forests from the caterpillars of the Siberian moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. in Russia, from the first half of the 20^th century to the present. It has been shown that the use of bacterial preparations is of the greatest importance in the practice of forest protection; Lepidocide is currently the most widely used biopesticide. Previously, there was a viral preparation as a means of protection, but currently there are no viral preparations approved for use. Information on the development of fungi preparations is given, but it is emphasized that effective and reliable fungi preparations have never been available to combat this pest. A detailed historical analysis of the development of the classical biological control in forest protection from the Siberian moth is given. Cases of successful use of the egg parasitoid Telenomus tetratomus Kieffer and the technology by which this entomophage was used are described. The reasons are discussed that the use of this species has not become an important part of the biological protection system of taiga forests. The authors are convinced that the use of such biological agents of forest protection as entomophages, pathogenic fungi and viruses is possible only in those cases when suitable technologies of application and bio-production will be developed for each of them. Bacterial preparations are widely used in the practice of forest protection from Siberian moth due to the well-developed production technology, and the similarity of the technology of their use with chemical pesticides, while guaranteeing a reliable result.

Models of the population dynamics of forest insects are considered based on the concept of an outbreak as a first order phase transition of the (this sentence is not complete) As objects of the studies, the population of the Siberian silkmoth in Siberia and the Far East, the population of the pine moth in Europe, the population of the gypsy moth in the Urals, and the population of the gray larch leaf worm in the Alps are considered. In this work, models fo same species of forest insects are considered, that make it possible to estimate the critical population densities and, in this regard, to propose algorithms, on the basis of which it is possible to make decisions on the implementation of protective measures. A model of the population dynamics is considered as an analog of a phase transition in physical systems to describe the dynamics of the population. An algorithm for transforming of population dynamics time series is proposed to reduce the level of errors in the course of density counting of pest populations. A state function is proposed as a characteristic of population dynamics, calculated as the reciprocal of the probability of finding a population in a state with a given population density. The functions of the state of populations with modes of outbreaks are characterized by the presence of two local minima and one local maximum - a potential barrier. A method is proposed for calculating the functions of state of populations based on data from time series of population dynamics, characteristics of state functions are described, such as local stable densities, critical and semi-critical density, susceptibility of the state function to changes in population density, and the half-width of the potential barrier. Indicators are introduced - indicators of the risk of outbreaks. Assessments of the risks of outbreaks are given for the studied species of phyllophagous insects.

Regularities of micro and macro-spatial distribution of individuals of Siberian silkworm populations during an outbreak of mass reproduction are considered. When studying the spatial distribution of the Siberian silkworm, a model of the distribution of individuals of the Siberian silkworm among fodder trees on sample plots was considered and the shape of areas damaged by the Siberian silkworm was studied. Additionally, a model of long-term spatial dynamics of insect pest’s population centers is considered. To assess the micro-spatial distribution of individuals on the territory, the spatial dynamics of the distribution of Siberian silkworm caterpillars on trees at different stages of the pest population gradation are considered. To describe the distribution of insects over trees on test plots, a model is proposed - an analogue of the model of phase transitions of the second kind in physical systems. To describe the “movement” of the boundaries of the center of mass reproduction of insect pests, the model of “viscous fingers” is considered and the fractal characteristics of the boundaries of the centers are calculated. By assessing the fractal dimension of the outbreak boundary, it is possible to calculate the ratio of the population density and the time of development of the forage object, and from the fractal dimension of the boundary between the outbreak and the undamaged forest, it is possible to estimate the nature of the further development of the outbreak. Also, based on a single measurement of the structure of the focus boundaries, one can try to estimate the fractal dimension of the focus and the risk of its further development. The considered models were verified according to the observations of various authors. When constructing and verifying the models, we used the data of the counts of the Siberian silkworm population and the population of trees in the foci of its mass reproduction, and remote data on the areas and shape of the foci. Using the proposed models, it is possible to estimate the critical characteristics of the population density and the shape of the foci of mass reproduction of pests at different phases of population gradation based on the data of counts and remote observations.

It is known that weather affects the development of outbreaks of Siberian silkmoth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. breeding. In this regard, the purpose of these studies was to study the influence of weather factors - temperature and precipitation on the possibility of developing of Siberian silkmoth population outbreaks. For a correct assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the dynamics of the number of forest insects and the development of outbreaks of pests, the concept of necessary and sufficient weather conditions was introduced to facilitate outbreaks of phyllophages. An approach is proposed to assess whether certain weather conditions are necessary or sufficient for the development of outbreaks of the Siberian silkworm in Krasnoyarsk Krai. Selyaninov’s hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was chosen as an integral indicator of weather conditions: the ratio of the amount of precipitation for a certain period to the average temperature for this period. The Bayesian approach was used to calculate the conditional flare probabilities. For various forests in the territory of Krasnoyarsk Krai in which outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth were observed, analyses were carried out for May, June, July, August, and September in the period from 1980 to 2017. Analysis of the relationship between weather conditions and the development of outbreaks of the Siberian silk moth showed that a necessary condition for the occurrence of an outbreak of this pest in Krasnoyarsk Krai is dry and warm weather in May of the year preceding the onset of the outbreak. However, dry and warm weather in spring - early summer is not a sufficient condition for a future outbreak, and additional indicators are needed to predict the outbreak. Nevertheless, when the weather with HTC < 1 is realized, it is necessary to start carrying out a more detailed monitoring of the state of the pest population. It seems that the proposed calculation method can be used to assess the effect of weather on the development of the population not only for the Siberian silk moth, but also for other species of forest insect pests.

The Siberian silk moth Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. is one of the most dangerous pests of taiga forests. Large-scale outbreaks of the population and the expansion of the pest’s habitat attract scientists to the study of insect sex pheromones. The Siberian silk moths use pheromones to attract mating partners. Pheromone communication is a complex multistage process, including the synthesis of pheromone, the spread of odorous substances in the environment, the perception of the pheromone signal by other individuals, and the behavioral response of individuals receiving the signal. Effective transmission of the pheromone signal is ensured due to the preservation of the chemical composition and conformation of molecules during propagation in the air, as well as their ability to decompose at a certain time under the influence of external factors. The stability and reactivity of molecules is determined by their physicochemical characteristics. Structural and spectral properties of molecules were investigated using methods of computer molecular modeling. Quantum chemical calculations were performed using the density functional theory B3LYP/DFT, which is widely used to study small organic molecules. A detailed analysis of the atomic and electronic structure of molecules in the ground and excited states was carried out, and the absorption spectra of molecules were calculated. The wavelengths and absorption intensity were determined. Based on the data obtained, a conclusion was made about the stability of pheromone molecules to the effects of sunlight, an assessment was made of the possibility of changing the chemical composition and structure of molecules as a result of absorption of ultraviolet radiation. The calculated data obtained were compared with the data on the daily patterns of insects.

To assess the state of plantations in vast areas of boreal forests, modern methods are needed that allow obtaining information quickly with minimal labor costs. The existing assessment methods are either associated with labor-consuming ground-based observations, or they make it possible to measure the damage that has already occurred using remote sensing data (satellite, aeronautical observation methods). Methods for analyzing the state of forest stands in large areas (such as taiga forests in Siberia) based on remote sensing data are proposed. As an indicator of the state of stands, it is proposed to use the susceptibility index of vegetation index during the season (NDVI) to changes in the radiation temperature (LST), obtained from satellite data of the Terra/Aqua system. The index was calculated as the transfer spectral response function in the integral equation between NDVI and LST. The analysis was made for two types fir stands of Krasnoyarsk Region taiga zone - territories that since 2015 were damaged by of the Siberian silkmoth Dendrolimis sibiricus Tschetv. caterpillars and nearest intact areas. It is shown that indicators of stands’ susceptibility to environmental changes on the studied test plots changed significantly 2-3 years before pest population outbreaks and can be taken into account when assessing the risk of outbreaks. This distinguishes proposed indicator from assessments of the vegetation cover state, which register a significant defoliation of forest stands and cannot be used for forecasting.

The article is devoted to the research of natural regeneration of the pine forest, which suffered from outbreak foci of Siberian moths Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. The studies were carried out in far south of Tomsk Oblast in the subzone of the subtaiga on the southern border of closed Siberian pine forest area on West Siberian plain in 2011-2015. The results of the research of the dynamic of the undergrowth condition of the Siberian pine forest with different defoliation level of maternal canopy were presented in the article. To assess vitality of the undergrowth of various species, a reference method was used that is based on comparison of morphological inventory indicators of young plants with pre-selected standard items. It was shown that the vitality and survivability of the undergrowth influence the damage level of the tree stands by the Siberian moths. In completely-eaten stands, dark coniferous undergrowth of preliminary reforestation died and broad-leaved trees took up the major portion in the composition of the undergrowth. In the stands of heavily weakened trees the increase in portion of aspen was determined. Under the canopy of the plantation with weak defoliation, the dramatic changes in species composition of the undergrowth did not take place. Prevalence of dark coniferous species is still being observed but its quantity is not enough for successful reforestation. The changes of lighting did not cause either positive or negative reactions of Siberian pines or fir trees undergrowth to an increase in lighting.