Sulfate content and runoff in the middle Amur water in high-water years
V.P. SHESTERKIN, N.M. SHESTERKINA
Institute of Water and Environmental Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khabarovsk, Russia
Keywords: Amur, flood, sulfates, content, runoff
Abstract
The article presents an assessment of the sulfate content and runoff in the Amur River water near Khabarovsk in high-water years. It shows differences in the content and runoff values depending on the center of flood formation on the basis of Roshydromet data for 1951-1985. Observations were carried out in 2013, and 2019-2021. The study revealed spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of sulfate content across the Amur River width due to large differences in the chemical composition of the waters of its main tributaries (the Zeya, Bureya, Sungari and Ussuri Rivers) and their contribution at all stages of flood formation. The highest sulfate content was observed in the middle of the river, less frequently in the right-bank part of the Amur due to the influence of the Sungari River, which drains the most developed and densely populated part of the basin; the lowest sulfate content was recorded in the left-bank part of the Amur due to the influence of the regulated Zeya and Bureya Rivers. It was found that at the recession of floods, the sulfate ion content reached its highest values as a result of the inputs from flooded agricultural lands and urbanized areas of China. At the flood peak, the maximum sulfate runoff was observed in 2013 and 2020 (29,5 and 30,4 thousand tons/day, respectively), significantly lower values were noted in 2019 and 2021 (20,3 and 13,9 thousand tons/day, respectively). The maximum sulfate runoff for the entire period of hydrochemical monitoring on the Amur River near Khabarovsk was observed during the historical flood in 2013 (1800 thousand tons). The second largest runoff (1543 thousand tons) was observed during a less prolonged flood in 2020.
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