A.N. Shvetsov
Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow
Keywords: regional development, inter-regional inequality, policy of alignment, state paternalism, naturalness and self-development of regional development processes and phenomena, spatial reorganization, dual role of the state in inter-regional alignment
The article is against the stagnant dogmatism that has been dominating us for many years and distorting our understanding of reality, preventing us from making the right decisions. One of the dogmas of regional development is taken as an example - the imperative of state-centralized leveling of inter-regional inequality. The author discusses the scientific validity and practical expediency of the overdue revision of established views on the essence and sources of interregional inequality, as well as on the absolute necessity and ways to equalize it within the framework of regional development policy in the federal market context of modern Russia. The idea of changing this paradigm is based on the long-term experience of unsuccessful and insufficiently effective state centralized efforts to reduce inter-regional inequality, counteract the reproduction of existing and the emergence of new inter-regional imbalances. The facts speak about the chronic crisis of the equalization system. The alternative put forward by the author is a new attitude towards inequality as a fundamental phenomenon of objectively uneven regional development, which, contrary to stereotypical views, has by no means purely negative consequences, but also serves as an important (especially for the conditions and tasks of the post-Soviet transition from “unitarianism and socialism to federalism and the market") constructive factor in the actual reorganization of space. Provided that the focus is placed on the natural course and self-development of relevant processes and phenomena - aspects that are often underestimated by a paternalistic state. The contradictory role of the state itself is also noted: while declaring the goal of combating inequality and implementing policies to that end, it simultaneously supports and exacerbates this phenomenon through its own decisions.
E.A. Kolomak1,2 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk National Research State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: natural zones, economic development, heterogeneity, Siberia, empirical analysis
The aim of this study is to identify patterns of Siberia’s development in terms of natural zones and to assess the significance of geographical and climatic boundaries for the spatial organization of economic activity, thereby supplementing the traditional picture of the macroregion’s spatial development within the framework of administrative-territorial units. The study identifies three groups of geographical natural zones: 1) steppe, forest-steppe, mixed forests, and broadleaf forests; 2) taiga; 3) forest-tundra, tundra, and Arctic deserts. The source of information on the characteristics of socioeconomic development within the boundaries of these natural zones is Rosstat’s database of municipal indicators. The research methods employed include descriptive statistics, empirical analysis, and econometric estimates. The study revealed that at the boundaries of natural zones, there are sharp contrasts in the availability of labor resources, labor productivity indicators, the development of the road network, budgetary adequacy indicators, and capital intensity. Despite underdeveloped infrastructure and a harsh climate, the taiga and tundra zones are attractive to investors and possess sources of high natural rent. The findings cast doubt on the view that the territory development and expansion of economic activity in the northern latitudes of Siberia are misguided.
G.V. Bobylev
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: fine chemistry, innovative processes, regional development, import substitution, innovation policy
The article examines the implementation of innovation processes in fine chemistry across three types of regions: industrial, resource-based, and scientific-educational. The research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of these processes to develop differentiated support measures. The relevance of the study is determined by the high dependence of the Russian market on imports offine chemical products and the need to ensure the country’s technological sovereignty. In Russia, the share of fine chemical products accounts for only 10-15% of the total chemical production volume, while in developed countries this indicator reaches 40%. The methodological framework is based on the MIT innovation model (Market, Implementation, Technology), which allows for a comprehensive analysis of innovation processes in a regional context. The study covers Republic Tatarstan, the Novosibirsk Oblast, and Republic Tyva. The scientific novelty of the research lies in applying the MIT model to analyze regional innovation processes in Russia and studying fine chemistry innovation processes across various regions. This approach revealed significant differences in the level of uncertainty in the development of such processes and helped to develop differentiated support measures for regions of different types. The practical significance lies in developing recommendations for forming regional policies to promote fine chemistry, considering the specifics of each region type. The results can be used to develop programs and strategies for fine chemistry development at both federal and regional levels. The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to developing fine chemistry, including strengthening state support for the industry, developing professional education systems, creating effective infrastructure, modernizing regulatory frameworks, and stimulating private investments.
V.D. Davydenko, L.V. Nagymanova
National Research University Higher School of Economics in Saint Petersburg, Department of Public Administration, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: digital infrastructure, regional development, industrial clus - ters, indicator system, assessment, digitalization, Russian regions
One of the priorities for the development of regional economies in Russia is the application of the cluster approach. The formation of clusters contributes to strengthening the connectivity of the economic space, consolidating resources, and reducing costs for cluster participants in production, logistics, and service activities. However, clusters, as integrated network systems constituting a dynamic network of interconnected organizations united by a common sectoral focus, objectively necessitate an effective mechanism for communication among the cluster participants as elements of this system. In modern conditions, digital technologies are primarily intended to ensure effective communication. Thus, the presence of a modern digital infrastructure in a region becomes a key motivator for the clustering of economic activity and, for the region itself, a factor in attracting investors and enhancing its competitiveness. For governing bodies, given the increasing role of digital technologies, an urgent task is to assess a region’s readiness to provide digital infrastructure for hosting industrial, scientific, and technological clusters. To conduct this assessment, indicators adapted to Russian conditions were used, drawn from a number of international methodologies (e.g., DESI, NRI and RIS3). The evaluation system covers five key areas of analysis: telecommunications infrastructure, digital public services, development of the IT sector and innovation, digital literacy of the population, and information security. Six subjects of the Russian Federation were selected as model regions for pilot testing of the analysis methodology: the Republic of Tatarstan, Kaluga Oblast, Tyumen Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Moscow Oblast, and Leningrad Oblast. The pilot test was limited to these six regions due to the lack of uniformity in the nomenclature of digitalization indicators reflected in different sources (e.g., the Russian Ministry of Digital Development, the “Gosuslugi ” portal, regional strategies and programs) and relevant to the research objectives. Consequently, the pilot testing was confined to those regions for which the designation and availability of indicators ensured comparability according to the evaluation criteria adopted for the study. One of the results of the research was the identification and quantification of interregional disparities in digital development. The leaders with the highest and most balanced indicators across all areas were the Republic of Tatarstan and Moscow Oblast; Tyumen Oblast and Leningrad Oblast occupied middle positions, while Kaluga and Lipetsk Oblasts were among the outsiders. The analysis of successful practices allowed for the identification of key factors for effective digital transformation that fosters cluster development: the existence of an approved strategy and high-level political support, active partnership with the private IT sector, systematic investment in human capital, ensuring universal access to digital infrastructure, as well as the implementation of principles of data openness and feedback. The developed system provides a tool for the objective assessment of region’s readiness for clustering and for the formulation of targeted digitalization strategies by public authorities.
E.S. Stepanova, P.E. Iakovleva
National Research University Higher School of Economics in Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: pharmaceutical cluster, network interaction, localization coefficient, shift-share analysis, regional development, innovation economy, constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Given the growing importance of import substitution and ensuring Russia’s pharmaceutical security, the study of cluster interactions in the pharmaceutical sector has become particularly relevant. This article examines the characteristics of network cooperation within pharmaceutical clusters. The aim of this work is to identify patterns of network interaction among cluster participants and to determine the factors influencing their effectiveness. The main hypothesis of the study posits that network ties are highly intensive in regions with a pronounced specialization in the pharmaceutical industry. The methodological basis of the study includes a set of complementary approaches: calculation of the localization coefficient to determine the region’s level of specialization in pharmaceuticals, the shift-share analysis method to differentiate national, sectoral, and regional growth factors, as well as social network analysis to assess the structure and density of interactions within the pharmaceutical clusters under consideration (the St. Petersburg Medical and Pharmaceutical Cluster, the Kaluga Pharmaceutical Cluster Association, Kirov Region Industrial Biotechnology Cluster). The results of the study demonstrate the interrelationship between network interaction parameters, the degree of localization, and structural effects in the development of the industry. The practical significance of this work lies in the development of recommendations for adjusting cluster policy and designing support programs for the pharmaceutical and medical technology industries in Russian regions.
Yu.I. Derevyanchenko1, V.V. Ataeva2 1Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Omsk, Russia 2Ministry of Economy of the Omsk Oblast, Omsk, Russia
Keywords: creative industries, fashion industry, symbolism, commodification, entrepreneurship, local identity, regional development, Omsk
This article analyzes the mechanisms of symbolic commodification of local identity in the fashion industry, using Omsk - a regional center characterized by a pronounced institutional deficit and a low level of development in the creative industries - as a case study. Particular attention is paid to how local fashion brands overcome the industry’s structural constraints: weak state support, the inertia of production specialization, the outflow of young people, and low entrepreneurial activity. The study is based on qualitative methodology: 13 in-depth interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs and analyzed using multi-level coding (MAXQDA 2024). The results show that the viability of fashion industry brands is achieved through adaptive strategies - multi-level product symbolization, targeting the social segment of migrants from Omsk with high symbolic demand, and the development of horizontal collaborations within the local creative community. It is concluded that the symbolic commodification of local identity becomes a key resource for the development of creative businesses in industrial regional centers with an institutional deficit of creative infrastructure. The results obtained have practical significance for improving the effectiveness of creative industry support programs, as well as for developing territorial branding strategies.
A.S. Novoselov1, B.A. Kovtun2, L.G. Muravyova2, M.G. Kolesnikova2 1Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Far Eastern State University of Railway Transport, Sakhalin Institute of Railway Transport
Keywords: regional food self-sufficiency, regional food security level, sustainability of the regional food system, Sakhalin Oblast
This article presents the results of a study on current issues related to food self-sufficiency in one of the unique regions of the Russian Federation - the Sakhalin Oblast. The dynamics of per capita production volumes by type of economic activity - which are the main sources of food in the region - are analyzed; the region’s self-sufficiency levels for basic food products are calculated based on coefficients that account for regional consumption patterns, population size, and actual production volumes during the period under review. An assessment is provided of the degree to which the population’s food needs are met, based on the calculation of actual food consumption coefficients for the Russian Federation, the Far Eastern Federal District, and the Sakhalin Oblast. The trends in indicators characterizing the economic affordability of food in the region were analyzed, and a comparative analysis was conducted of the growth rates of food prices and household income; indicators of the region’s population’s access to permanent retail outlets selling food products in the Far Eastern Federal District and Sakhalin Oblast were examined, and a socio-economic assessment of the sustainability of Sakhalin Oblast’s food system was conducted based on key indicators. As a result of the study, current problems regarding the region’s food self-sufficiency and promising directions for their resolution were identified.
The article offers an analysis of the triggers of socio-political interaction in the network communities of the Siberian regions using the example of assembling datasets in the Irkutsk, Tomsk and Kemerovo oblasts. To understand the social “sensitivity " and reactivity of communication, the following trigger bases were selected as key topics that structure and provoke a user response: family and family values, youth, socio-political mobilization, and housing and communal services. The purpose of the article is to describe the stated trigger agendas of socio-political interaction of Siberian online communities. Examples of the key agenda of communication against a regional background are analyzed: family, family relations; youth agendas in the focus of regional socio-political communication; housing and communal services (problems of territorial infrastructure); the topic of socio-political mobilization. The need for virtual communication practices to address issues of local importance with the dominant participation of representatives of the public sector is emphasized. The interregional transparency of socio-political interaction in the aspect of the studied subject is revealed. In general, the triggers of regional network communication demonstrate three levels of thematization: end-to-end (network-wide) content; regional material and the most difficult to identify individual and personal level offormation and placement of trigger agendas in the communities of the Siberian regions.
N.P. Neklyudova, O.A. Kozlova, N.L. Struin
Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: assisted reproductive technologies, in vitro fertilization, donation, reproductive health, sociological study, Sverdlovsk Oblast
The article studies the attitude of the population of the Sverdlovsk Oblast towards Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART), focusing on the level of awareness, factors influencing acceptance, and personal readiness to use the technologies and to donate reproductive materials. The aim of the work was to identify the attitudes and socio-demographic determinants affecting the perception of ART. The study is based on a sociological survey of 596 residents of the Sverdlovsk Oblast aged 18-45, conducted in 2024-2025. Methods of stratified non-probability sampling, descriptive statistics, cross-tabulation, and correlation analysis were applied. It was found that 74.5% of respondents are aware of ART, and the overall attitude towards them is predominantly positive (68.1%). In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is the most popular method for solving a hypothetical infertility problem (58.5%). Only 7.6% of respondents are personally ready to become gamete donors. Statistically significant gender and age differences were revealed, as well as a direct correlation between income level and a positive attitude towards ART. The research results can be used by healthcare authorities and specialized medical institutions to develop targeted public awareness programs, overcome the stigmatization of ART, and generate strategies for attracting donors of reproductive materials.
E.V. Nekhoroshkov1, A.A. Aroshidze1,2, V.A. Kuznetsova1, P.S. Khristenko1 1Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Russia 2Siberian Transport University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Russian Arctic, North Sea Route, Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor, large-scale projects, long-term forecasting, scenario approach
The article examines the problem of long-term forecasting for large-scale infrastructure projects, using as an example the spatial development of the Arctic regions and the maritime transport infrastructure of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) within the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor. Given the heightened state-level focus on the NSR’s development against the backdrop of intensifying global competition for the Arctic, the relevance of the research problem and contemporary challenges for Russia are highlighted. The aim of this work is to structure the problem of long-term forecasting in the implementation of unique infrastructure projects, using the Arctic and the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor as flagship economic initiatives under conditions ofsignificant risk and environmental uncertainty. The paper reviews global and Russian research practices concerning large-scale infrastructure projects, taking into account their impact on economic development and other spheres of national economies, as well as the specifics of research on Russia’s Arctic territories and the development of the NSR as a driver of economic growth. Criteria are identified for assessing the alignment of the Arctic and the Trans-Arctic Transport Corridor with the attributes of an economic flagship. Scenario-based approaches to Arctic studies are analyzed, and the conceptual outlines of external environment scenarios are formulated. Integrating infrastructure projects into these scenario frameworks is proposed as a method to mitigate the impact of risk and uncertainty in long-term forecasting. Considering the specificities of research methodologies for large-scale projects and the unique nature of the given infrastructure initiative, the article formulates further research approaches. These are based on system analysis tools for assessing and forecasting long-term sustainable development under the influence of external risk factors and uncertainties.
A.K. Tulokhonov, S.N. Ivanova
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
Keywords: Asian Russia, border regions, “black box”, depopulation, spatial development, comparative analysis, Chukotka, Alaska, Transbaikalia
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic development of Russia’s eastern borderlands within the context of a comparative study of the adjacent territories of China, Japan, and the United States. The study examines the socio-economic dynamics of the border regions of Asian Russia in comparison with adjacent territories abroad. The topic is explored through an analysis of the underlying causes of the depressed state of the eastern borderlands of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this article is to identify the factors driving population decline and economic stagnation amid rapid growth in regions with similar natural and climatic conditions in China and the United States. The study’s hypothesis is that the reasons for this lag are not related to geographic remoteness or climate severity, but to institutional flaws in the governance system and the underestimation of development factors. The methodology used is a “black box" approach, which allows assessing the internal content of a system by comparing input conditions and final social outcomes. A comparative analysis of living standards is conducted using the examples of Zabaikalsk and Manchuria, Chukotka and Alaska. The results of the study demonstrate that the key barriers to development include a lack of strategic planning, regression in transport infrastructure, insufficient attention to nationalpolicy, and the dominance of a resource-based economic model. It is shown that effective development of the territory is impossible without transport connectivity, support for indigenous peoples, and economic specialization, taking into account competition from neighboring countries. The application of these results extends to regional strategic planning and the adjustment of the National Development Program for the Far East. The authors conclude that continuing with current approaches risks depopulating Asian Russia. Improving spatial strategy requires restoring the role of science and moving from a capital-centric model to a policy of equalizing living standards across borders.
Yu.P. Voronov
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: soil fertility, technological stages, chernozem, black soil, experiments, microorganisms, land reclamation, agricultural science
Two previous articles by the author, focusing on the implications of climate change for agricultural production in Siberia, have been published in this journal (Region: Economics & Sociology, 2024, No. 3, pp. 5-23; 2025, No. 3, pp. 304-323). This article discusses a method for the practical use of land becoming available due to the northward retreat of the southern border of the taiga. Five technological stages of artificial chernozem cultivation are presented, identified by the author based on a variety of specific methods: applying a layer of activated carbon, followed by a layer of starter chernozem, introducing beneficial microorganisms into the soil, colonizing it with earthworms and ants, and sowing grasses and planting shrubs. For each stage of the technology, the advantages of cultivating artificial chernozem on the lands of Southern Siberia-which are being freed from the taiga due to climate warming-are examined. Recent results of experiments on the cultivation of artificial chernozem in various countries around the world are reviewed. The emergence of a new branch of scientific knowledge surrounding these experiments is demonstrated.
O.V. Buryy
Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Socio-Economic and Energy Problems of the North, Syktyvkar, Russia
Keywords: energy transition, sustainable development, economy, energy mix, electricity intensity, energy poverty, ecology, marker pollutants, Komi Republic
Modern society, striving for sustainable development, puts forward strict requirements for energy systems. They must ensure economic growth, universal access to reliable energy supply, and environmental safety. However, the regional aspects of the energy transition in Russia are still poorly understood due to methodological fragmentation and incompleteness of statistical information. This negatively affects the quality of the findings and jeopardizes the achievement of national sustainable development goals and implementation of the climate agenda. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive assessment of the energy system in the Komi Republic on the priorities of sustainable development and energy transition. The analysis of individual parameters of its functioning, taking into account the energy and economic characteristics of the region from 1998 to 2024, is presented. It has been found that regional energy system secures the tasks of economic growth, but the outdated structure of the economy and the actual isolation of the system limit the possibilities of energy transition. A review of the current situation with energy poverty has shown that even with the current “carbon-based" energy sector, households bear a significant financial burden, forcing up to 30% of the Komi Republic’s population to rely on social support measures. The impact of structural changes in the energy sector on the natural environment was assessed through the dynamics of emissions of marker pollutants. It is shown that the twofold decrease in a quarter of a century is due to the crisis in the extractive industry of the region and the increasing effectiveness of environmental protection measures.
From October 14 to 17, 2026, the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) is hosting a conference in memory of the Institute’s former director, Academician Alexander Grigoryevich Granberg, who would have turned 90 this year. Through this event, colleagues and students pay tribute to an extraordinary individual-a distinguished scientist, a leader in the scientific community, a mentor, and a dedicated public and civic figure.
V.V. Kozlov1,2, M.V. Litvinenko3, Yu.A. Litvinenko3, A.S. Tambovtsev3 1S.A. Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 2S.S. Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) 3S.A. Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: hydrogen diffusion combustion, micro-jet combustion, round micro-jet, planar micro-jet, hydrodynamic stability, supersonic air jet, flame "locking" effect, "flame constriction region, " combustion regimes, gravitational acceleration vector, shadowgraphy
This review summarizes the results of recent experimental studies on the diffusion combustion of hydrogen microjets. It examines the influence of nozzle geometry, jet profile and exit velocity, and gravitational factors on flame structure. Particular attention is paid to the combustion of hydrogen mixtures and the interaction mechanisms between a circular supersonic air jet and a coaxial (co-flowing) hydrogen stream.
N.B. Miskiv1, M.M. Vasiliev1, N.A. Nazarov1, A.M. Kargina1, V.S. Sulyaeva2, S.V. Starinskiy1, E.M. Starinskaya1 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia 2Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: contact line pinning, droplet evaporation, deposit morphology, nanofluid, titanium dioxide (TiO2)
This study experimentally investigates the influence of silicon substrate temperature and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofluid concentration on the dynamics of the three-phase contact line and the morphology of deposits formed during droplet evaporation. The nanofluid was produced via pulsed laser ablation in liquid. Mass concentrations of 8.7 × 10⁻⁴ wt% and 2.1 × 10⁻³ wt% were examined at substrate temperatures ranging from 80 to 140 °C. It was found that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles extends the duration of the three-phase contact line pinning stage. Consequently, the contact line diameter changes in a stepwise manner, leading to the formation of concentric ring structures of deposited material with a characteristic spacing. At surface temperatures of 80 and 100 °C, radial capillary transport dominates, resulting in the formation of a "coffee ring." Increasing the surface temperature to 120°C initiates nucleate boiling, which expands the deposition zone, whereas at 140°C, fully developed nucleate boiling disrupts steady particle transport and leads to a redistribution of the deposit.
S.V. Rykov1, I.V. Kudryavtseva2, V.A. Rykov2 1Saint Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, Saint-Petersburg, Russia 2ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: mercury, pressure, critical amplitude, density, heat of vaporization, average diameter, phase equilibrium line
Based on a system of equations, including equations for the saturated vapor pressure and density, the saturated liquid density, and the ‘’apparent’’ heat of vaporization, the phase equilibrium line of mercury is described in the temperature range from the triple point to the critical point. The saturated vapor pressure line within the proposed approach satisfies the requirements of the scaling theory of the critical point, and the saturation line is developed using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, the mean diameter, and the order parameter of the renormalization group. All of these equations are consistent with respect to critical indices and parameters. Within the proposed model of the phase equilibrium line of mercury, all components of the equations describing the vapor and liquid branches of the coexistence curve have exponents calculated using scaling theory.
S.A. Novopashin, V.G. Prikhodko, V.N. Yarygin, I.V. Yarygin
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Novosibirsk
Keywords: vacuum disintegration, non-equilibrium phase transition, porous medium, clay rock, thermoelastic stresses
This paper systematizes current data on the vacuum disintegration of materials of diverse nature-ranging from gold-bearing clay rocks to biopolymers and pharmaceutical substances. It is demonstrated, both experimentally and theoretically, that these processes are governed by a unified physical principle: the non-equilibrium phase transition of capillary- or chemically bound water during a rapid decrease in ambient pressure. Four dominant disintegration mechanisms are identified (degassing-induced cracking, sublimation fragmentation, thermal-gradient cracking, and capillary cavitation), and order-of-magnitude estimates of the resulting stresses are provided. A dimensionless regime criterion is introduced to determine the disintegration type independently of the specific material. The existence of an optimal initial moisture content is demonstrated (20-25% for clays, 10-15% for starch). Examples of industrial implementation in the pharmaceutical and food industries, as well as in soil vacuum leaching, are presented; prospects for applying the method across various technological chains are discussed.
S.V. Konev1,2, O.A. Volodin1, N.I. Pecherkin1, A.N. Pavlenko1 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: falling liquid film, R1233zd(E), laminar-wavy flow, large three-dimensional waves, phase velocity
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the wave characteristics of an R1233zd(E) refrigerant film flowing down a vertical flat surface. The experiments were conducted under saturation conditions at a temperature of 26.7°C and an absolute pressure of approximately 1.4 bar. The film Reynolds numbers investigated-Re_f = 520, 1040, and 1560-correspond to the laminar-wavy flow regime. High-speed video recording was used to determine the length, phase velocity, and passage frequency of large three-dimensional waves. It is shown that as the liquid flow rate increases, the length of the large waves decreases, whereas their phase velocity and passage frequency increase. The measured phase velocities are compared with experimental data for a liquid nitrogen film and with calculated estimates based on the Kholpanov-Shkadov approximation and the correlation by Nosoko et al. It is demonstrated that the Kholpanov-Shkadov relationship significantly overestimates the phase velocity of large waves, while the correlation by Nosoko et al. better captures the order of magnitude but yields an underestimate.
M.M. Vasilev1, A.A. Rodionov1, T. Giannakis2,3, M. Kandyla2, V.S. Sulyaeva4, V.V. Terekhov1, S.V. Starinskiy1,2,5 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece 3Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografou, Athens, Greece 4Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 5Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: nanosecond laser treatment, surface morphology, wetting properties, silicon
Efficient thermal management in modern compact electronics requires surfaces with controlled wettability and strong wicking capability. Although laser-textured silicon is widely studied for its optical response, its wetting and capillary transport properties remain less explored. In this work, silicon wafers were processed using a nanosecond Nd:YAG laser to create two types of textured surfaces, GraySi and BlackSi. The resulting microstructures were characterized in terms of morphology, wettability, and wicking performance using the Wi number. BlackSi exhibited significantly greater wicking capability (Wi = 2.3) compared to GraySi (Wi = 1.3). The evaporation behavior of water droplets was also investigated. Laser texturing was shown to reduce evaporation time due to enhanced hydrophilicity and, importantly, to modify the evaporation mode: BlackSi maintained a constant contact radius regime, while GraySi transitioned to a mixed regime.
V.A. Arkhipov1, O.I. Daneik2,3, O.V. Matvienko1,4, K.G. Perfil’eva1 1National Research Tomsk State University, Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 3Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering,, Tomsk, Russia 4Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: forest fires, convective column, heat transfer, aerodynamics, turbulence, mathematical modeling
The results of mathematical modeling of the flow structure, turbulence characteristic and heat transfer in a convective column occurring during the ground forest fire are presented. The detailed analysis of the temperature, vertical velocity and turbulent kinetic energy distributions along the column's height is conducted. The regression relationships for the change in velocity and temperature along the convective column axis with height are obtained.
A.V. Fedoseev, M.V. Salnikov
Institute of Thermophysics named after. S.S. Kutateladze SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: porous heater, boiling curves, dependence of heat transfer during boiling on gravity, method of lattice Boltzmann equations
The work is devoted to studying the dependence of the boiling process on a porous heater on the force of gravity using a numerical hybrid model based on the method of lattice Boltzmann equations and the heat transfer equation. To test the model, we first studied the dynamics of the growth and separation of a single bubble during boiling on a single flat heater at various values of the gravitational acceleration (from 0.2 g to normal g). The obtained dependences of the separation diameter, separation frequency and average heat flow on the force of gravity confirmed qualitative agreement with the data available in the literature. As a result of modeling the boiling process on a porous heater with an ordered structure of solid heat-conducting rectangular elements, boiling curves and the dependence of the heat transfer degradation coefficient on the thermal pressure were obtained for various values of the acceleration of gravity. It is shown that with a decrease in gravity, the heat flux removed from the porous heater decreases throughout the entire range of thermal pressures, and the boiling crisis begins at a lower thermal pressure.
V.A. Smetanyuk1, I.A. Sadykov1, P.O. Vinogradov1,2, Ya.S. Dudko1,2, S.M. Frolov1,2,3 1Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 3Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: planar detonation pre-chamber, detonation wave, planar front, methane-oxygen mixture, ionization probe, apparent detonation velocity, numerical simulation, experimental test rig
This study provides numerical and experimental validation for forming a planar detonation front within a pulsed detonation prechamber (PDP) designed for simultaneous, full-area ignition of high-speed flows. Using a two-stage simulation and experimental test rig, optimal geometries and operating conditions for a stoichiometric methane-oxygen mixture were established for the prechamber, manifold, and pre-detonation tube. Investigations demonstrate high convergence between numerical and experimental results for a single detonation pulse, confirming the invariance of the planar detonation wave front regardless of pre-filling conditions. Analysis substantiates that measured velocity peaks up to 3,500 m/s, exceeding the 2,380 m/s Chapman-Jouguet velocity, result from the geometric effect of apparent phase velocity, supporting application in advanced air-breathing engines.
R.A. Khayrulin, R.N. Abdullaev, S.V. Stankus, A.Sh. Agazhanov
Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: density, rubidium-lead system, melt, gamma-ray method
The density of liquid rubidium-lead alloys containing 40, 45, 55, and 60 at. % Pb was measured for the first time using the gamma-ray attenuation method (transmission of a narrow gamma-ray beam through the sample) in the temperature range from the liquidus to ~1000 K. Based on the obtained results and data for the Rb50Pb50 melt previously investigated by the authors, the concentration dependencies of the molar volume, relative excess molar volume, and volumetric thermal expansion coefficient were determined for the liquid Rb-Pb system. These dependencies deviate significantly from those characteristic of ideal solutions, confirming a tendency toward the formation of chemical short-range order in the liquid state.
This paper presents the results of the verification and validation of a computational method for modeling two-phase immiscible flows of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media with interface resolution. The mathematical model is based on solving the Navier-Stokes equations within the framework of the well-known Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, accounting for interfacial tension forces and fluid rheology via a non-linear viscoplastic medium model based on the generalized viscosity approach. The developed method was tested on problems involving the displacement of model hydrocarbons by a xanthan gum biopolymer solution in a microfluidic chip simulating a porous medium and in a digital model of an actual core sample with a resolution of 200×200×200 voxels. The calculation results were compared with data from a microfluidic experiment and with calculations performed using the Ansys Fluent CFD code. The testing demonstrated that the numerical simulation results for polymer flooding obtained using the developed method show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with microfluidic experimental data and numerical solutions obtained using Ansys Fluent.
T.A. Gimon, S.V. Lukashevich, M.A. Morozova
Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ITAM SB RAS), Russia, Novosibirsk
Keywords: numerical modeling, flow uniformity, measurement plate, luminescent pressure transducers, sonic boom
As part of efforts to incorporate luminescent pressure transducers (LPTs) into the suite of experimental diagnostic methods, numerical modeling of the flow within the gas-dynamic duct of a wind tunnel was conducted, specifically addressing the analysis of the sonic boom near-field. Expected pressure levels generated by a test model were determined for the surfaces of both flat and curved measurement plates, which serve as substrates for the LPT coating. It was demonstrated that, compared to a flat plate, a curved plate provides a larger measurement area; however, the flat plate yields lower measurement uncertainty.
D.V. Antonov1, D.A. Zhikhrov1, O.V. Nagatkina1,2 1National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 2I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: inhalation delivery, drug aerosol, heat and mass transfer, spatial modeling, deposition, airways, tracheobronchial tree
Inhalation drug delivery is becoming crucial in the treatment of a wide range of conditions, including those not directly related to the respiratory system. The therapy effectiveness is determined by deposition - the drug deposited proportion in the target areas of the respiratory tract. Despite constant improvements in inhalation devices, drug deposition in the therapeutic target rarely exceeds 60%. This is due to the inhaler design features and the dispersed system physicochemical properties, as well as patient inhalation technique errors. Pathological changes in physiological barriers and the architecture of the tracheobronchial tree also have a critical impact on deposition, potentially significantly reducing it. Conversely, maximum deposition may be limited by imperfect delivery systems and the distribution of drug particles by size, velocity, and target areas of the respiratory tract. In this study, we propose a predictive model for managing aerosol flows in the airways, aimed at achieving maximum deposition, taking into account the individual anatomical and physiological characteristics of the patient (airway physiology and airway architecture). The mathematical apparatus for spatial modeling was developed in the COMSOL Multiphysics environment using the Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow, and Particle Tracing modules, as well as user-defined functions. It was found that increasing body temperature from 309.75 K to 312.15 K enhances aerosol evaporation, reducing their diameter and redistributing deposition between airway compartments. It was shown that airway architecture critically influences deposition asymmetry: for geometries with pronounced anatomical asymmetry, the difference in deposition between the right and left bronchus reaches 60-80%, while for symmetrical geometries it does not exceed 10%. The obtained results substantiate the need for personalization of inhalation therapy based on body temperature and individual anatomy of the patient, which opens up opportunities for increasing the effectiveness of the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases.
A.V. Kovalev1,2, A.A. Litvinova1,2, A.S. Yakimov3, A.A. Yagodnitsyna1 1Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: microchannels, deterministic lateral displacement array, DLD, two-phase flows, microdroplets
The processes of microdroplet formation and sorting in a deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) array involving immiscible liquid flows were experimentally investigated. It is shown that as large dispersed-phase slugs move along the DLD array, daughter microdroplets detach via a mechanism resembling the tip-streaming regime. It was found that microdroplets predominantly follow streamlines and are distributed among the DLD chip's outlet channels, whereas large slugs move along displacement trajectories determined by the array geometry. The results demonstrate the potential of using DLD arrays for the simultaneous formation and sorting of microdroplets.
V.V. Matyushkov1, A.G. Shmakov1,2, S.A. Trubachev1 1Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: neural surrogate, optimization, aviation kerosene, skeletal chemical-kinetic mechanism, laminar flame
The work uses the neurosurrogate optimization method to refine the skeletal chemical-kinetic mechanism of KCPsur, which predicts the combustion rate of the model 4-component surrogate aviation fuel SU4 (a mixture of n-decane, isocetane, methylcyclohexane and tetralin). Multilayer perceptron trained on 34 variations of 5 pre-exponential multipliers of rate constants of chemical reactions that have the highest sensitivity coefficient of laminar combustion rate (flow rate) A-factor sensitivity) at 27 control points, was used instead of time-consuming calculations of the speed of propagation of laminar flames in the CHEMKIN software package. To optimize the rate constants of the selected reactions responsible for the conversion of tetralin, the gradient descent method was used, which made it possible to obtain a refined KCPsur_neural mechanism. The new chemical-kinetic model more accurately describes the laminar flame propagation velocity (LBV) of kerosene-air mixtures under lean and near-stoichiometric conditions (φ = 0.70 - 1.05) at pressures up to 8 atm, surpassing the accuracy of the original KCPsur and, in some cases, the detailed CRECK mechanism. An important feature of KCPsur_neural is its ability to correctly describe the concentration profiles of a number of important intermediates in the flame of a SU4/O2/Ar mixture, which indicates a weak influence of the rate constants of refined reactions on the structure of the studied flames. This opens up the possibility of using two independent neurosurrogate models in the future to optimize fuel combustion mechanisms: one to optimize them with respect to LBV, the other to describe the flame structure with the formation of separate training samples of a smaller total dimension. It is shown that the proposed approach speeds up the optimization of reaction rate constants by approximately 106 times when using a limited training set. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of using machine learning to overcome the rigidity of reduced combustion models and expand their applicability to conditions relevant to aircraft engine combustion chambers.
D.A. PRYSOV, O.N. ZUBAREVA, M.A. PLYASHECHNIK, A.V. MUSOKHRANOVA, L.K. KAZARYAN
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: snow cover, dust load, pollutants, heavy metals, pollution level, pollution halos
The article presents the results of the study of the spatial distribution of dust load in the Cheryomushka River catchment area (Krasnoyarsk) based on snow survey data from 2023. The river basin was divided into zones according to this indicator. The dust load within the river basin, according to regulatory values, varies from low to high pollution levels. The influx of dust onto the snow cover exceeds the background value by 4,3-60,5 times. Halos with elevated dust load values are located in the upper and lower parts of the river basin, where the city’s large industrial enterprises are located. The results of determining water-soluble forms of metals and anions in the filtrate of snow melt water are presented. It has been revealed that the MPCfishery is exceeded for the nickel ion, copper ion, manganese ion and aluminum ion. According to the increase in the number of samples exceeding the MPCfishery, the following series can be distinguished: Ni (27 %) ˂ Cu = Mn (91 %) ˂ Al (100 %). The acidity of snow melt water samples in the surveyed catchment area ranges from 6.64 (slightly acidic water) to 7,62 (slightly alkaline water). It has been found that the concentration of pollutants in the filtrate of snow melt water exceeds the background values by 9-636 times for aluminum ions, 1,5-7,5 times for manganese ions, 1,7-77 times for nickel ions, 24,6-330 times for fluoride ions, and 12,9-69,3 times for nitrite ions. Currently, the dust load of the snow cover in the Cheryomushka River basin, according to regulatory values, corresponds to a low pollution level. The priority pollutants of the snow cover of the Cheryomushka River are aluminum and fluorine.
A.S. MANAENKOV
Federal Scientific Center for Agroecology, Integrated Land Reclamation and Protective Afforestation, Volgograd, Russia
Keywords: floodplain lands, suitability for afforestation, pine, phytomass, greenhouse gases, oxygen, recreational potential
The transformation of lands in the riverbed zone of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain into steppe after the Volga River’s flow regime was altered by a cascade of reservoir dams, has resulted in a decline in its economic, nature conservation, and social significance. One of the means of its rehabilitation is to increase the area of forests. For this purpose, a study of the growth and condition of the forest stand was used to determine the quantitative indicators of the phytomass of existing pine stands, their effectiveness as greenhouse gas absorbers and oxygen generators, as well as the aesthetic and recreational value of pine forests on the main groups of lands suitable for afforestation. The area of such lands was identified and an assessment was made of the possibility to increase the forest cover of the floodplain under new quasi-stationary conditions, as well as the dynamics of its forestry, ecological and recreational significance for the Volgograd-Volzhsky urban and local rural agglomerations. Based on archival materials and satellite images, it has been established that at least 5000 hectares of land within the Volgograd part of the floodplain are suitable for pine cultivation. Afforestation will increase the forest cover of the floodplain by 8-10 % and allow for the growth of approximately 1 million m3 of stem wood. It has been determined that this will increase atmospheric carbon sequestration by 13 000-15 000 tons and oxygen production by floodplain ecosystems - by 45-50 tons/ha per year. The capacity of forest lands to provide recreation for people will increase by 5000-6000 people per day. The lifespan of coniferous stands will be 40-60 years.
M.V. BOLGOV1,2, E.A. KOROBKINA1, I.A. FILIPPOVA1 1Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 2Russian Research Institute for Integrated Use and Protection of Water Resources, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
Keywords: water resources, transboundary river, climate change, conditionally natural runoff, irrecoverable water consumption, water management zoning
The article examines the specifics of determining the normal annual runoff under conditions of insufficient moistening using the transboundary Ural River basin as an example. An integrated assessment of current trends in the annual runoff of rivers of the Ural River basin was carried out. The spatiotemporal patterns of changes of long-term fluctuations in the annual runoff of the rivers in this basin were analyzed, and the stationarity of long-term series of annual runoff was revealed. Reliable estimates of the normal annual runoff and its variability were obtained. Based on the updated runoff data, the dependencies of annual runoff on the area and catchment elevation, as well as the dependence of the annual runoff variability on the normal annual runoff, have been refreshed. The catchment area was subdivided into zones in accordance with the dependencies of runoff on the area and elevation of the catchment area, as well as the dependence of annual runoff variability on the normal runoff. A summary of current data on the average annual runoff of the rivers in the Ural-Emba region district is presented in the form of a map of the average runoff depht. The resulting dependencies and maps made it possible to refine the values of runoff from water management units taking into account transboundary water inflow. An approach has been developed to assess irrecoverable losses required to obtain the rate of conditionally natural runoff. An analysis of irretrievable water consumption in water management units of the basin was carried out for the Russian and Kazakh parts of the Ural River catchment. It has been shown that the amount of irretrievable water consumption in the Russian part of the Ural River basin is insignificant. An assessment of water resources in the Russian part of the basin by water management areas was obtained, as well as an estimate of the conditionally natural runoff formed on the territory of the Russian Federation within the Ural River basin.
A.D. KOSHKAROV, V.L. KOSHKAROVA, D.I. NAZIMOVA
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences - a separate division of the Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences”, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Keywords: plant macrofossils, paleocarpological analysis, Holocene, climate, succession of formations and types of vegetation, Western Sayan Range
Based on paleocarpological data (macrofossils of Holocene plants) confirmed by 14C radiocarbon dating, a reconstruction of forest cover on a mountain profile of the northern macroslope of the Western Sayan was performed for time periods characterized by specific climatic regimes from the beginning of the Middle Holocene to the present day (7898 calendar years). The study resulted in the development of an improved method for analyzing paleocarpological material, which makes it possible to interpret the composition of plant communities of the past at local and altitudinal-zonal scale levels. The dynamics of transformations in the structure of zonal vegetation types and altitudinal complexes of forest types, conditioned by the cycles of climate change and the influence of anthropogenic impacts during the last stages of the Holocene, has been revealed. For each time period, distribution patterns of dominant forest formations in different altitudinal zones were constructed - from subtaiga and forest-steppe to mountain dark coniferous taiga and subalpine sparse forests and tundra. Their identification was based not only on the predominance of macrofossils of certain forest-forming plants, but also on the species composition of various ecological-cenotic groups of plants of the herbaceous-dwarf shrub layer. Particular attention was paid to the participation of representatives of belt-zonal groups in the fossil complexes.
A.V. SILAEV, A.A. CHERKASHINA
V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: geoinformational mapping, arable land, satellite images, cartographic analysis, soil properties
The article presents the results of geoinformation mapping of agriculturally developed territories of the Tunka system of basins. A cartographic analysis revealed that during the study period (from 1976 to 2024), the area of arable land reached its maximum value (411 km2) in the 1970s. Insufficient consideration of the erosion potential of slope surfaces led to the formation of eroded, unproductive soils, which was the reason for a significant (up to 110 km2) increase in fallow lands in the early 1980s. The creation of the Tunkinsky National Park and the crisis in the agricultural sector in the 1990s caused a large-scale reduction in arable lands. As a result, currently, arable lands account for only 6 % (25 km2) of the area cultivated during the Soviet period within the Tunka system of basins. On most abandoned agricultural lands, postagrogenic restorative successions are developing, during which changes in the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of soils are observed, reflecting restorative trends. A study of the state of geosystems using modern methods of analyzing and processing different-scale multi-temporal satellite images and digital elevation model analysis made it possible to identify spatiotemporal changes in the land use patterns over the past 100 years, resulting in a transition from the transformative dynamics of geosystems to the restorative one. Changes in the area occupied by arable lands are presented in the form of maps reflecting different time slices.
The article considers the impact of earthquakes on the variability of characteristics of suspended sediment runoff (SSR) (turbidity, discharge, runoff modulus) in rivers at different spatiotemporal scales (daily, seasonal, long-term) in the territory of Kamchatka krai. An analysis of the natural factors responsible for SSR formation in the study area revealed that the main reasons for the formation and variability of suspended sediment runoff in the rivers of Kamchatka krai, along with traditional factors (terrain relief, climate, soil and vegetation cover), are volcanic and seismic activity. It has been established that, as a result of major earthquakes, daily water turbidity can reach its maximum within a year, as was recorded, for example, in some small watercourses in the study region after the earthquake of August 17, 1983 (the earthquake’s energy class was 15,4). An increase in seasonal water turbidity, unrelated to the variability in water discharge or precipitation, as well as an increase in average annual suspended sediment discharge have been observed. A comparison of the quantitative values of the suspended sediment runoff modulus in the outlet sections of the rivers with the peak ground acceleration (PGA, m/s2) showed that with an increase in the latter, there is a tendency towards an increase in sediment runoff. A spatial analysis of the distribution of PGA, water turbidity, and suspended sediment runoff modulus demonstrates consistency in the variability of these characteristics. Naturally, PGA is not the only factor in this distribution of characteristics. For example, one of the most important reasons is the location of active volcanoes in Kamchatka. Increased atmospheric precipitation and its erosive potential, as well as terrain characteristics and rock lithology, also contribute to increased sediment runoff in this direction. An increase in seismic activity from west to east, coupled with the growth of other indicators of sediment runoff formation, leads to the intensification of gravitational processes and, consequently, an increase in the flow of particles into watercourses, i.e., seismic activity can be the cause of constantly increased background values of water turbidity.
T.M. KOMAROVA, E.V. STELMAKH, D.M. FETISOV, S.A. SOLOVCHENKOV
Institute for Complex Analysis of Regional Problems, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Birobidzhan, Russia
Keywords: international transport corridors, infrastructure, Russian Far East, territory of advanced development, territorial-sectoral structure
As part of the implementation of Russia’s “pivot to the East” policy, one of the priority areas in the sphere of improving transport infrastructure to ensure the socioeconomic development of the Far East region and its interaction with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region is the operation of the Nizhneleninskoye - Tongjiang railway bridge border crossing. It is shown that the key result of the project’s implementation at the present time is the development of transport and logistics infrastructure, providing connections between the industrial bases of Northern China and the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia. It is noted that the organization of cross-border interaction and the creation of a transport corridor based on the Nizhneleninskoye - Tongjiang railway bridge crossing are associated with difficulties in logistics, and limitations in both infrastructure (shortfall in throughput capacity) and the range of potential trade turnover (agriculture predominates in the sectoral structure of the economy of the border regions of Heilongjiang Province and Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO)). The economy of the Leninsky district, where the bridge crossing is located, is currently based on agriculture and transport. Projects implemented both in the bridge area and in other parts of JAO are predominantly assigned to the “Amur-Khingan” territory of advanced development (TAD), as this allows investors to take advantage of additional tax breaks and preferences provided for TADs. Based on the analysis of investment projects, the prospects for changing the territorial-sectoral structure of the economy of JAO are considered. It is emphasized that, overall, among individual economic sectors, extractive industries and transportation and logistics services will experience the greatest development. The manufacturing industries will be supplemented by new types of activity for the region - the production of medical devices, the pharmaceutical industry and the production of mineral fertilizers, the placement of which is guided by the availability of qualified personnel and a favorable transport and geographical location.
D.Yu. VASILYEV1, A.A. CHIBILEV2 1Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa, Russia 2Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
Keywords: observation network, air temperature, precipitation, climate change, Buzuluk pine forest
The article provides a brief historical overview of the beginning of instrumental measurements at the Borovoe forestry meteorological station. The analysis was based on the average monthly values of air temperature and daily amounts of atmospheric precipitation with a duration of the analyzed observation series of 120 years. The wavelet analysis method was used to identify periodicity in fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation, and the statistical significance of the obtained results was assessed. A number of statistically significant cycles in fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation were identified; they were conditionally divided into two groups: high-frequency cycles with a duration of 2 to 10 years and low-frequency cycles with periods of 10 years or more. The cross-wavelet analysis method was used to reveal the relationship between fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation and climate indices (North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, East Atlantic-West Russian Oscillation, and Arctic Oscillation). The coherence of fluctuations in air temperature and precipitation with the North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, and East Atlantic-West Russian Oscillation indices was established. A correlation analysis of instrumental measurements of air temperature and precipitation amounts obtained at the Borovoe forestry meteorological station, at stations of the Roshydromet observation network, and NDVI data was carried out. It has been found that the air temperature values from the Borovoe forestry meteorological station are strongly correlated with the NDVI series and data from most meteorological stations located in the European part of Russia (r = 0.55-0.99), while the series of atmospheric precipitation values from the Borovoe forestry meteorological station correlate well with the readings from stations located within the Southern Urals (r = 0.50-0.67).
E.S. LUTSKIN, V.L. MAKUKHIN
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
Keywords: atmospheric pollution, anthropogenic emissions, field observations, mathematical modeling, emission assessment, Lake Baikal
The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the processes of emission and atmospheric transport of gaseous elemental mercury from large thermal power plants of the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo industrial complex. The study includes an integrated approach that combines field observations and mathematical modeling. Radiosonde data, ERA-5 atmospheric reanalysis data, reverse trajectories of air masses (HYSPLIT), and the results of monitoring gaseous elemental mercury were used to verify the model. A quantitative analysis of emissions of gaseous elemental mercury into the atmosphere from large thermal power plants of the Irkutsk-Cheremkhovo industrial complex was carried out. Based on the in-situ measurements of the concentration of gaseous elemental mercury at the Listvyanka monitoring station (southwestern coast of Lake Baikal) and the results of numerical modeling using a nonlinear non-stationary spatial model of turbulent impurity diffusion, the dispersion fields of gaseous elemental mercury were obtained and their convergence with the measured values was assessed. According to the data obtained, the average measured concentration of gaseous elemental mercury was 1,59 ng/m3, while the calculated one was 1,24 ng/m3. It has been established that during the northwesterly transfer of air masses and winter temperature inversions, zones of persistent pollution are formed with concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury up to 1,73 ng/m3, while the level of 1,29 ng/m3 reaches the limits of the central ecological zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. It is concluded that in order to enhance the accuracy of forecasting the spread and deposition of gaseous elemental mercury, it is necessary to integrate numerical models with an extended network of in-situ measurements, which will make it possible to improve emission control and to increase the reliability of estimates.
P. KUMAR, P. RANJAN, S. ANAND, ASHWANI, RAI A. KUMAR, A. RAI, S. JUNAWA
University of Delhi, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi, New Delhi, India
Keywords: correlation, temperature, snowfall, remote sensing, climate change, Himalayas
Climate change poses a serious challenge to sustainable development, particularly in sensitive regions such as the Greater Himalayas. The article considers the state of Himachal Pradesh and analyzes temporal and spatial trends in key environmental parameters (temperature, total precipitation, snowfall, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land surface temperature (LST)) for the periods from 1940 to 2023 for climatic parameters and from 2000 to 2023 for NDVI and LST. Using remote sensing data from the Copernicus Climate Data Archive and MODIS, combined with statistical analysis, the research uncovers noteworthy trends, including an overall increase in temperature and fluctuations in precipitation and snowfall with a decreasing trend over the years. To analyze vegetation dynamics, NDVI and the total area in square kilometers were calculated for each month of the years 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016, and 2023. It was noted that, in lower elevation areas, overall vegetation cover increased every month except for July, when a decrease of 307,74 km2 was observed from 2001 to 2023, indicating a healthy ecosystem. Conversely, a typical trend in land surface temperature (LST) was found, with the highest temperatures observed in June and the lowest in January. The findings have revealed a positive correlation between NDVI and LST, indicating that vegetation cover responds to climate change. The research results demonstrate that, despite the increase in vegetation cover, the region remains vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, requiring effective conservation strategies to mitigate its adverse effects.
T.I. KUKHARCHIK, S.V. KAKAREKA, A.A. MELESHKO, S.V. SALIVONCHIK, M.L. SINITSKAYA
Institute of Nature Management, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
Keywords: reservoir, recreation area, soils, waste, polymeric materials, macroplastics
One of the sources of plastic pollution in the coastal zones of water bodies and watercourses are places of mass public recreation. The article presents the results of the study and assessment of the level of macroplastic pollution of the beaches of urban and suburban water bodies of Minsk. Taking into account international experience, methodological approaches to identifying and quantifying plastic waste and/or its fragments have been defined and tested. Field studies were conducted in the summer of 2024 on the beaches of several reservoirs in Minsk and its suburbs (Tsnyanskoe, Drozdy, Vyacha, Zaslavskoe, Volkovichskoe) and Lake Komsomolskoe using the route and site methods. Plastics larger than 5 mm (macroplastics) were counted. In total, 16 beaches were surveyed using the route method and 31 sites were established. It has been revealed that a wide range of macroplastics, represented primarily by fragments of products (scraps, debris, films, etc.) up to 5 cm in size, are found on all beaches. A wide variability in the content of macroplastics on the surveyed beaches is shown, which is due to their natural features and anthropogenic load. Differences in the pollution levels of sandy and grassy areas of the beaches are presented, and factors contributing to waste accumulation are discussed. The dominant types of waste identified include cigarette filters, plastic bags, film and food packaging. Products and fragments made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, lavsan, and other polymers were detected. The obtained values of macroplastic pollution of the beaches of Minsk are comparable with the published data for freshwater bodies in other countries and are tens and hundreds of times lower than the values for sea beaches. Possible measures to prevent the dispersion of plastic waste within beaches, as well as the need to improve approaches for the purpose of aggregate quantitative assessment of the level of their pollution are discussed.
