Home – Home – Jornals – Advanced Search

The results of BC concentration measurements in Moscow in 2003-2013 and in Beijing in 2004-2010 are presented. Measurement ranges of single BC concentrations in 2004-2010 are 0.1-77 mg/m³ in Beijing and 0.1-22 mg/m³ in Moscow. The seven-year average daytime BC concentration in Beijing is 2.5 times higher than in Moscow. The seasonal variability of the BC concentration is more pronounced in Moscow (in summer it is 33% lower than in winter) than in Beijing (in summer it is only 13% lower). A significant increase in the BC concentration in the air of Beijing occurs when air masses are transferred from industrialized regions south of Beijing. The air pollution with BC mainly decreases in Moscow due to advection under arrival of air masses from northern regions.

Aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial distribution for wavelength 550 nm over Northern China Plain (NCP) and adjacent areas for the smog in summer 2007 has derived on satellite monitoring (MODIS/Terra) data. Increased AOD areas determinated by anthropogenic air pollution regional sources in the neighbor of Beijing and Shanghai are revealed. Substantial increasing AOD on the south-west NCP was produced by the smoke haze which arose of an agricultural biomass burning. Optical and microphysical characteristic similarity of the aerosol in smoke haze over NCP and in smoke haze in Russia is revealed: (1) dominant contribution in the optical characteristics of the smoke aerosol gives a fine mode; (2) extinction spectra at wavelength 340-1020 nm are approximated (in logarithmic coordinates) by parabola or polynomial functions with four power. According to the monitoring data at AERONET station Beijing single scattering albedo in the summer smog over NCP (0.91) in average is less than in the smoke haze over Russia (0.95-0.96). It is shown that radiative regimes of the atmosphere are distinct substantially in the summer smog over NCP and in the smoke haze over Russia: aerosol radiative forcing efficiency on the top of the atmosphere in the smog is less approximately by 30 percent and on the bottom of the atmosphere is more by 30 percent that in the smoke haze.

The numerical analysis of the data of the aircraft sounding plume of impurity carry-over in the summer atmosphere of the Norilsk industrial region has been carried out. A two-parameter model was constructed for numerical retrieval of impurity concentrations in directions transverse to the plume and, based on it, estimates of the lower limits of sulfur dioxide emission corresponding to different emission time. Considerable variability of emission estimates was established due to the nonstationarity of sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. The average emission of SO₂ into the atmosphere was estimated as 1.86 million tons/year, which is close to the official statistics.

Diffusion of hollow nanoparticles in low-density and rarefied gases and the viscosity of aerosols with such particles are studied with the previously developed kinetic theory and molecular dynamics method. Interaction between molecules of a carrier medium is simulated with Lennard-Jones potential, between these molecules and the nanoparticle, with RK potential, and between the nanoparticles, with RKI potential. Nitrogen-based aerosols with hollow and solid aluminum and uranium nanoparticles are considered at a temperature of 300 K and atmospheric pressure. Diameter of the nanoparticles is varied from 5 to 100 nm; the thickness of walls of hollow nanoparticles is 1 nm. It is shown that the diffusion coefficients of hollow nanoparticles always exceed those of solid particles of the same size and the same material, but this difference does not exceed 1%. The viscosity coefficient of aerosol with hollow nanoparticles is always lower than of aerosol with solid particles. The diffusion of hollow and solid aluminum nanoparticles with diameters of 2 and 4 nm in argon of the density ρ = 0.707 at a temperature of 300 K is also molecular dynamics (MD) simulated. It is shown that diffusion coefficients of hollow and solid nanoparticles of the same diameter and the same material in rarefied gases and liquids are the equal.

Results of the study of pollen particles in the atmosphere are presented. A fraction of clusters, which consist of two and more pollen grains, of the total number of pollen particles entering the atmosphere is estimated. It is shown that although the anemophilous plants exhibit morphological peculiarities that prevent cluster formation, many similar clusters were formed in all experiments. The fraction of pollen grains could exceed 50% of the total number of pollen grains entering the atmosphere.

The measurements of methane fluxes (CH₄) obtained by the automatic chamber method in the characteristic plant associations on the Plotnikovo section of the Bakchar bog (the Great Vasyugan Mires) in June 2018 are presented. Air sampling was carried out in wet phytocenoses on the hollow-ridge landscape. The period under consideration was characterized by anomalous weather conditions compared with the same periods of previous years: extreme precipitations and high air temperatures. On the basis of the research, the daily dynamics of CH₄ emission was revealed. The correlation analysis made it possible to describe the dependences of CH₄ fluxes on the hydrometeorological conditions of the surface and upper layers of the bog soil. The high flood of bog waters inhibits the methanogenesis during the period of observation.

An automated algorithm is suggested for detection of gas flaring units. It is based on the calculation of the land temperature from Landsat 8 satellite imagery using two methods for retrieving the Earth’s surface temperature. The methods include calculation of the Earth’s surface emissivity and solution of the equation accounting the atmospheric water vapor content. The difference between Earth's surface temperature calculated and the temperatures measured at meteorological stations does not exceed 2 °C. Two gas flaring units were detected with the algorithm in Tomsk Oblast and in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Carbon monoxide prevails in the emissions associated with gas flaring. The emissions of carbon, nitrogen, and methane oxides significantly contribute to environmental degradation of oil and gas producing regions and to the greenhouse effect.

A technique and results of the experimental study of a drag coefficient of a spherical particle in nonstandard conditions are presented. The effect of the gas injection from a surface of a solid spherical particle on the drag coefficient is analyzed under variations in the ratio of the gas injection velocity and the velocity of airflow around the particle. The dependence of the drag coefficient on the velocity of the gas injection from a particle surface is derived. The influence of the temperature difference between the fluid and particle on the drag coefficient during particle sedimentation in a viscous fluid is studied; the corresponding dependence is found.

The variability of time series of the integral moisture content of the atmosphere and the surface partial pressure of water vapor for the territory of Europe are studied over a long period. It is established that the contribution of fluctuations on time scales from 2 to 5 years is from 35 to 60% of the interannual variance. The spatial dependences of the local coherence of harmonics on the scales of 2-4 Nino3.4 index and the partial water pressure in Europe are found. It is found that the correlation of these variations is 0.7-0.9. It is shown that planetary waves propagating from east to west play a significant role in the energy transfer from equatorial processes to middle latitudes. Their energy begins to increase in winter in the year of El Niño and reaches the maximum in a year.

This paper describes the multisensor oriented solar irradiance meter without moving parts for measuring total, direct, and diffuse irradiance and sunshine duration.