N.P. Pokhilenko1,2, T.G. Shumilova3, V.P. Afanasiev1, and K.D. Litasov1,2
1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2 Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
3 Institute of Geology, Komi
Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul.
Pervomaiskaya 54, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
Keywords: Natural diamond, synthetic diamond, carbonado, volcano, ophiolite, contamination
Lavas of the Kamchatka volcanoes store cubic-octahedral diamonds identical in morphology and structure to synthetic crystals, and their natural origin is doubted. Judging by published data, the diamonds discovered in the Tolbachik lavas are similar to synthetic diamonds made by different producers, and the analyzed samples ra-ther result from contamination with synthetic material. Ophiolite-hosted diamonds reported from Europe, China, Mongolia, and Polar Urals look like the Tolbachik diamonds and are of the same type. The similarity between crystals coming from geologically dissimilar objects indicates that contamination may occur in those cases as well. Thus, diamonds found in unusual hosts or geologic settings require careful checking. These findings have to be reproduced repeatedly in other in situ samples and approved by independent experts; with all respect to the priority of the first finders, the sampling sites should be open to many researchers, especially the respective spe-cialists. The inevitable disproval of false diamond findings is discouraging and discredits the true discoveries. Possible contamination with synthetic or natural material from cutting tools has to be excluded in all newly found diamonds before claiming their natural origin.
V.A. Kontorovich1,2, E.S. Surikova1, and D.V. Ayunova1,2
1 A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Seismic exploration, petroleum prediction, gas pool, «bright spot», dynamic parameters of a seismic record, West Siberia
Seismogeological criteria for the gas potential of the Aptian–Cenomanian sediments of West Siberia are substantiated. The research was carried out by the method of integrated interpretation of seismic materials, well logs, well test results, and petrophysical studies. As a reference object we used the Yubileinoe oil and gas con-densate field located in the Nadym–Pur interfluve, in which a unique gas deposit is concentrated in the Cenoma-nian reservoir PK1 and the Albian sand bed PK18. Based on the research results, seismogeologic criteria for gas prediction have been formulated.
Massive Cenomanian gas pools are displayed in wave seismic fields by: (1) the presence of reflectors formed at the gas–water contacts in time sections and a decrease in the amplitude parameters of the reflector G confined to the roof of Cenomanian sequence; (2) an increase in the time thickness (Δt), a decrease in the interval velocities (vint), and a decrease in the amplitude–energy parameters of a seismic record in the Aptian–Cenomanian sequence.
Aptian–Albian sheet gas pools are displayed in the wave fields by a drastic increase in the amplitudes of a seismic record, forming «bright spot» anomalies in the time sections.
1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, 630090, Russia
2Novosibirsk State University, ul. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
3 Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Nedorezova 16a, Chita, 672014, Russia
Keywords: Magmatism, petrogeochemistry, Au–Cu–Fe skarns, polysulfide and epithermal Ag–Te–Bi mineralization, Kultuminskoe deposit, eastern Transbaikalia
The Kultuminskoe deposit is located within the Gazimur metallogenic zone in eastern Transbaikalia. Min-eralization is associated with the Middle–Upper Jurassic Kultuma pluton composed of subalkaline rock series ranging from quartz monzonites and quartz syenites to granites and of monzodiorite dikes. Dikes of Late Jurassic age are composed of subalkaline gabbro. Analysis of fractionation trends of major and trace elements suggests that the monzonitoids prevailed in the Kultuma pluton and the dike complex formed through the differentiation of subalkaline basaltic melt from an enriched mantle source. The formation of the gold–copper–iron–skarn and me-dium-temperature veinlet-disseminated polysulfide and epithermal Ag–Te–Bi mineralization as well as iron–magnesia and silica–alkaline metasomatites was a long multistage process during the general evolution of the ore-magmatic system.
1 A.P. Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Favorskogo 1a, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
2 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Ore-magmatic systems, age of igneous rocks, geochemical typification of granitoids
Study of granitoids spatially and genetically associated with gold mineralization within the Kara gold ore cluster has provided a new insight into their genesis, association with ore mineralization, and the sources of their ore material.
The regional granitoids associated with gold mineralization are part of two individual complexes. One of them, earlier assigned to the Amanan complex, has an isotopic age of 182.9 ± 2.6 Ma and must be related to the subduction zone that existed on the southern margin of the Siberian continent in that period. Its granitoids differ in age and composition from the granitoids of the Amanan complex and must be separated as an independent taxonomic unit after an additional geological study. The second, Amudzhikan-Sretensk, complex has an isotopic age of 151.7 ± 1.9 Ma and might be related to the collision of the Siberian and Mongol–Chinese continents after the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk ocean.
In geochemistry the granitoids of the Amanan(?) complex correspond to adakites and must be considered melting products of the basaltic layer of the oceanic lithosphere. The granitoids of the Amudzhikan-Sretensk complex are similar in geochemistry to sanukitoids, melting products of subcontinental sources contaminated with continental-crust material.
The granitoids of both complexes have high contents of gold and must be considered gold-bearing. In the Amanan(?) complex, adakites are the gold-richest rocks (as estimated from the slab melt composition), which in-dicates the primary nature of this gold. In the Amudzhikan-Sretensk complex, the highest contents of gold are specific to primitive sanukitoids, melting products of a mantle source with gold signatures. This suggests the primary nature of gold, whose content is determined by the portion of slab melt in the source of the rock material.
The presence of adakites and primitive sanukitoids in the regional granitoid complexes indicates the exist-ence of a subcontinental mantle source with gold signatures during the magma generation. The source formed in the subduction zone that existed on the southern margin of the Siberian continent in the Early Jurassic and was remobilized under collision of the Siberian and Mongol–Chinese continents in the Late Jurassic. This source might have controlled both granitoid magmatism and ore mineralization.
O.P. Smekalin1, A.V. Chipizubov1, N.A. Radziminovich1, and V.S. Imaev1,2
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1Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
2 Diamond and Precious Metal Geology Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lenina 39, Yakutsk, 677027, Russia ";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Khambin active fault, Gusinoe Ozero paleoseismogenic structure, seismic potential, shallow-depth ex-ploration, trenching, Transbaikalia
The paper presents results of a seismogeological study based on analysis of seismic data and historical facts about the seismic activity of the Khambin fault zone. According to the data obtained, a genetic type of dislocations on conjugate faults (Gusinoe Ozero and Orongoi paleoseismogenic structures) is related to reverse faults with a strike-slip component. Geophysical studies of the Gusinoe Ozero structure have determined the dip of the fault plane toward the mountain framing of the depression and its outcrop at the bottom of the seismic scarp. The significant seismic potential of the Khambin fault is responsible for the maximum intensity of shocks in the nearby cities and settlements of southeastern Transbaikalia. The seismic fault activity has been confirmed by the historical earthquakes of 1856 and 1885, the M = 5 earthquake that occurred on 2October 1980, and at least two prehistoric earthquakes. The latest of the latter occurred no earlier than ~4 ka and had M = 7.0–7.3, while the earliest was even more intense and took place in the first half of the Holocene, no later than ~6 ka.
The author has consistently and comprehensively studied the indicators and reasons of cardinal population changes in the country in the 1990s, analyzing the current demographic development of Kazakhstan during the period of independence. The article defines the “terms” encountered in the process of studying the demographic situation in the republic. It shows the main stages of Kazakhstan demographic development during the transition period based on statistical indicators synthesis. In theoretical and methodological regard, the study considers the role of an individual as the main participant in the migration process. The author carries out analysis of problems of the history of the Kazakh diaspora and issues of its repatriation to the historical homeland; considers the reasons of migratory processes, adaptation and integration of “oralmans” in the Kazakhstan society in a context of its growing human capital and intellectual potential. It shows their contribution and role in developing language, traditions, customs and culture of the Kazakh people. Nowadays migration is a factor in restoring the demographic balance in the republic. The article investigates and represents factors influencing the population abundance change and growth, the birth rate increase, the economic processes role in the transition period and their effect on socio-demographic processes. It examines the ethnic history in the Kazakh context. The study objective is to trace the history of ethnic groups settlement in the country, to characterize the modern demographic condition of Kazakhstan people taking into account its specifics. The article is of interest as an experience of studying the ethnos migration process (including “oralmans”), which has been formed and transformed during the XX-XXI centuries in Kazakhstan. In the article the interethnic relations viewed through the prism of profound changes in the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan population.
M.V. Tarasenkov1, V.V. Belov1,2, E.S. Poznakharev1,2 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk, 634055, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050,Russia
Keywords: подводная связь, канал связи на рассеянном излучении вне прямой видимости, метод Монте-Карло, underwater optical communication, NLOS diffuse link, Monte-Carlo method
Subsection: OPTICS OF STOCHASTICALLY-HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA
Using an algorithm of the Monte Carlo method with modified double local estimation, the impulse response of the link of non-line-of-site underwater communication on scattered radiation is simulated for base distances between the source and the receiver from 10 to 100 m at a wavelength of 0.5 mm. The received radiation power and the maximal repetition frequency of pulses transmitted through the communication link are estimated based on the impulse response.
The article presents an analysis of the state and economic policy of resource companies, constituent entities of the Federation, the influence of geopolitical risks on the efficiency of fulfilling state tasks and priorities for creating an oil and gas complex and developing petrochemical chemistry in Eastern Russia. It is proposed to consider the resource megaproject as a tool for coordinating the state policy and interests of resource companies in the formation of the East-Siberian oil and gas complex. Preconditions of cluster activation of the development of related industries and petrochemical complexes of the VOSOGK mega-project for innovative modernization of the economy of the northern and southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East are analyzed.
I.L. Shagalov
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Keywords: сопроизводство, общественно-государственное партнерство, ТОС, местные сообщества, социальный капитал, общественные блага, коллективные ресурсы, co-production, public private partnership, TOS, local communities, social capital, public goods
In economics the co-production of public goods by local communities, consider quite fruitful for replacement of government failures. The article describes the practice of implementing TOS communities (Territorialnoe Obshchestvennoe Samoupravlenie) projects on co-production of social urban infrastructure. Using the cases of local communities in the city of Kirov and the data on the Russian regions, we demonstrate that the effects of co-production can be multidirectional. We found that local government usually supports TOS communities. TOS allows in terms of municipal budget deficit over the citizen’s participation in funding of infrastructural projects to solve local problems and put-off attention of political active citizens for possible protest activities. The research demonstrates that TOS occurs when three conditions (vectors) form in society: civil responsibility, civil helplessness, and paternalism. In these circumstances, the authorities encourage and subsidize the formal self-organization of citizens that capable singly and under their responsibility to solve problems to which the authorities did not get around. At the same time government is in the position of win-win, on the one hand, it “drops” their responsibilities to citizens (through TOS), and on the other hand gets support of the population. These effects demonstrated in the paper.
The article analyzes the current level and dynamics of regional disproportions in Russia. The resulting conclusion demonstrates a high level of differences in social and economic development of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation, despite some positive shifts. There is a need to reconsider public actions aimed at balanced and complex development of the regions. The author reviews positive experience of the European Union that decreased territorial disproportions in the attempt to adapt this to the Russian reality, suggesting a number of recommendations to improve the policy of spatial development in Russia. At the same time, public impact on economically weak regions needs to become a basis for change, allowing them to solve existing problems and ensure sustainable development. Results of conducted research demonstrate the relevance of territorial differentiation as well as the need to improve public policy of regional development in the Russian Federation. The results may be used by public authorities to implement measures for improved territorial development.
