E.V. Sokol1, O.P. Polyansky1, A.N. Semenov1, V.V. Reverdatto1, S.N. Kokh1, A.S. Devyatiyarova1, V.Yu. Kolobov1, P.V. Khvorov2, A.V. Babichev1 1V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Koptuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia 2Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Miass, 456317, Russia
Keywords: Contact metamorphism, spurrite-merwinite facies, Kuzmovka complex traps, simulation, indicator minerals, East Siberia
Spurrite-merwinite marbles on the right bank of the Kochumdek River in the Podkamennaya Tunguska basin formed along the top margin of a flood basalt intrusion (Kuzmovka complex) from a marly limestone protolith of the Rhuddanian Lower Kochumdek Subformation, at a pressure of ~200 bars. The contact aureole comprises four zones of successively decreasing temperatures marked by the respective mineral assemblages: T ≥ 900 °C (merwinite, spurrite, and gehlenite (± rankinite, bredigite); T ≥ 750 °C (spurrite); T ≥ 700 °C (tilleyite, wollastonite, and melilite (Gehl<50)); and ~500-550 °C (diopside, amphibole, and grossular). Very high temperatures at the contact ( T cont > 2/3 T melt) result from magma flow along a conduit. The temperature profiles for the Kochumdek metamorphic complex show good fit between measured and geothermometer-derived values at a magma temperature of 1200 °C, an intrusion thickness of ≥40 m, a heating time of six months, and a magma flow lifespan within one month. Stagnant magma in a conduit of any thickness cools down and crystallizes rapidly and fails to heat up sediments to the temperatures required for spurrite-merwinite metamorphism (above 790 °C).
V.V. Vrublevskii1, A.V. Nikiforov2, A.M. Sugorakova3, and T.V. Kozulina1
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:436:"1 Tomsk State University, pr. Lenina 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
2 Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetnyi per. 35, Moscow, 119017, Russia
3 Tuva Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Internatsional’naya 117a, Kyzyl, Tyva Republic, 667010, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Alkaline magmatism, isotope geochemistry and geochronology, plume–lithosphere interaction, Sangilen upland, Central Asian Orogenic Belt
The Paleozoic foidolite–foyaite plutons of the Sangilen upland (Bayan-Kol, Dakhu-Nur, Chik, and Kharly ones) might have formed in the Late Cambrian–Early Ordovician (~490–500 Ma, Sm–Nd and U–Pb); they are the result of the oldest alkaline magmatism in southeastern Tuva. The intrusion was accompanied by the formation of high-temperature (up to ~600–900 ºC) endogenous carbonate rocks containing calcite, alkali pyroxene, Na–Ca amphibole, biotite, fluorapatite, microcline, and nepheline. Silicate and carbonate derivates were produced, most likely, from genetically related heterogeneous sources with εNd(T) varying from 3.0 to 6.3 and from –0.5 to 6.5, respectively, which might be due to the mixing of the depleted (PREMA) and enriched (EM) mantle materials. Initial ratios 207Pb/206Pb ≈ 0.89 and 208Pb/206Pb ≈ 2.15 in K-feldspar from calcitic rocks are close to those of EM 1. The correlation between the stable-isotope ratios (δ18O ~ 7.2–19.5, δ13C from –6.0 to –1.4 ‰) and the high 87Sr/86Sr(T) ratio (0.7057–0.7076) indicates a significant crustal contamination of magma in the upper horizons of the lithosphere and a minor impact of a meteoric fluid. The assumed synchronous formation of the studied plutons and other alkaline rock complexes of the Early Paleozoic Large Igneous Province in the west of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt as well as their isotope similarity do not rule out that the intrusion took place in the plume–lithosphere interaction setting.
F.P. Lesnov1, M.A.P. Pinheiro2, S.A. Sergeev3,5, and N.S. Medvedev4
a:2:{s:4:"TEXT";s:769:"
1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademika Koptyuga 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
2 Serviço Geológico do Brasil, Av. Brasil 1731, Funcionários, Belo Horizonte, MG 30140-002, Brasil
3 Center of Isotopic Research, A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute, Srednii pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 1999106, Russia
4 A.V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, pr. Akademika Lavrent’eva 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
5 Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, 10-ya
Liniya Vasil’evskogo Ostrova, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia";s:4:"TYPE";s:4:"html";}
Keywords: Ultramafic rocks, zircons, geochemistry, LA–ICP-MS method, isotopic age, U–Pb method, SIMS SHRIMP II, São Francisco Craton, Brazil
We present the first data on the geochemistry and isotopic age of zircons from rocks of the Roseta (lher-zolite and olivine orthopyroxenite) and Córrego da Areia (olivine orthopyroxenite) ultramafic massifs localized among Archean–Proterozoic metamorphic strata in the southern folded framing of the São Francisco Craton. The examined zircons differ in crystal morphology, the intensity and type of cathodoluminescence, oscillatory zoning, the distribution of trace elements, and U–Pb isotopic age. Zircon crystals from the Roseta lherzolite have an age of 800–728 Ma and show negligible cathodoluminescence. Some of them have reaction rims with an age of 663–619 Ma. The crystal cores are enriched in REE but are often depleted in U as compared with the reaction rims. The age of zircons from the Roseta olivine orthopyroxenite showing moderate cathodoluminescence is within 622.6–596.9 Ma. Zircons from the Córrego da Areia olivine orthopyroxenite show moderate to intense cathodo-luminescence and often have a rhythmic oscillatory zoning. They are characterized by an uneven distribution of REE and other trace elements and have high contents of U and Th. Most of these zircons have an ancient isotopic age (2558–2100 Ma). The examined zircons are of several types: relict, inherited (xenogenic), syngenetic, and epigenetic. The Roseta and Córrego da Areia massifs are considered to be protrusive outliers of a deep-seated Precambrian mafic–ultramafic complex, which were tectonically transferred along faults into the intensely meta-morphosed Archean–Proterozoic strata in the southern folded framing of the São Francisco Craton.
1
Tomsk Division of the A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
pr. Akademicheskii 4, Tomsk, 634055, Russia
2 Tomsk Polytechnic University, pr. Lenina 30, Tomsk,
634050, Russia
Keywords: Soda waters, conditions of water spread, chemical and isotope compositions, water–rock system, for-mation mechanisms, equilibrium, Chulym–Yenisei basin
Results of studies of soda waters of the Chulym–Yenisei artesian basin are presented. It is shown that these waters are ubiquitous within Cretaceous or Jurassic sediments at depths of ~100–300 m to 1.5–2.3 km. According to the formation conditions, mineralization, and pH, they are divided into three groups: Type I waters spread to a depth of 600 m and have pH = 7.4–8.4 and TDS 0.5 g/L, type II soda waters occur at depths of 0.6–2.3 km and are characterized by pH = 8.0–8.9 and TDS = 0.7–4.1 g/L, and type III waters («Omega») form a local segment among type II waters and have a unique composition: high alkalinity (pH = 9.0–10.3) and low mineralization (TSD = 0.2–0.6 g/L). We focus special attention on type III waters and present results of studies of their microcomponent, gas, and isotope compositions. The cause of their low salinity and high pH is explained for the first time. Taking into account the isotope data (δD, δ18O, and δ13C), we have established the infiltration origin of soda waters of the three types and the biogenic source of their carbon dioxide. Calculations of equilibria in the water–host-mineral system have shown that all soda waters are in disequilibrium with many primary alu-minosilicate minerals but are in equilibrium with a wide range of carbonates and clays. In passing from type I to type III waters, the number of minerals in equilibrium with water continuously increases (albite, microcline, muscovite, and biotite). Taking into account the data obtained, we present schemes of formation of different types of soda waters in the studied basin at different stages of the evolution of the water–rock–gas–organic-matter sys-tem and estimate the time of each system.
S. V. Serdyukov, M. V. Kurlenya, L. A. Rybalkin, T. V. Shilova
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: угольный пласт, метан, кливаж, напряженное состояние, схема дегазации, скважина, зона дренирования, гидроразрыв, направления развития трещин, фильтрационное сопротивление, проницаемость, проппант, Hydraulic fracturing, mathematical modeling, working fluid leakage, pore pressure
Features of stress state and jointing as well as their effect on hydraulic fracture propagation direction in coal seams are considered. The flow resistance in drainage areas is analyzed depending on hydrofracture orientation, thickness of seams and spacing of holes. The comparison of one-stage and multi-stage hydrofractures created in-plane and orthogonally to hole axes is given. In simulated reservoir conditions, permeability of dense coal is studied without a fracture and with a through propped fracture subjected to confining pressure. The recommendations are developed for improving efficiency of gas drainage in coal seams based on in-seam hydraulic fracturing.
B. A. Anferov, L. V. Kuznetsova
Federal Research Center of Cola and Coal Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kemerovo, Russia
Keywords: рядовой уголь, сжигание, пылевоздушная смесь, разделение потоков, золошлаковые отходы, ценные химические элементы, рудный концентрат, утилизация, Run-of-mine coal, combustion, air-and-dust mixture, separation of flows, ash and slag waste, valuable chemical elements, ore concentrate, recovery
Some kinds of coal in Kuzbass are metalliferous and should be used to the best advantage both as fuel and as a source of valuable components recoverable from ash and slag. It is proposed to initiate a production system composed of a coal mine, heat power plant with multi-stage coal preparation for combustion and a waste treatment plant for: furnace refuses and light-end products in the form of pregnant solution and fly ash.
A. A. Ordin1,2, A. M. Timoshenko3, D. V. Bovenko3, A. A. Meshkov4, M. A. Volkov4 1Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2VostNII Research and Production Center, Kemerovo, Russia 3VostNII Science Center, Kemerovo, Russia 4SUEK-Kizbass, Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Russia
Keywords: шахта, угольный пласт, мощность, челноковая, уступная, технологические схемы, очистной комбайн, цикл, скорость подачи, производительность, скребковый конвейер, дебит и концентрация метана, Mine, coal seam, thickness, shuttle and bench flow charts, shearer, cycle, advance velocity, output, armored face conveyor, methane flow rate and concentration
The studies aimed to evaluate longwall productivity in the Talda-Zapad 1 Mine are carried out with regard to the technological parameters of the drum shearer and capacity of the armored face conveyor in mining thick methane-bearing coal seam. It is found that methane release reduces with increasing output of the shearer, and allowable longwall length and capacity by the gas criterion are determined. The length of longwall 6605 is optimized by the maximum annual profit of the mine.
V. I. Cheskidov, A. V. Reznik
Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: гидроотвал, технологический водоем, вскрышные породы, гидросмесь, намыв, Hydraulic fill, process water body, overburden, slurry, sluice
Overburden dumping in hydraulic fill inside mined-out open pit is discussed. Features of hydraulic filling in an open pit at a gently dipping water-bearing lignite deposit without its drainage are presented. Parameters of hydraulic fill are correlated with hydraulic filling methods. Expediency of hydraulic fill formation without a dike is specified.
T. Šubaranović1, S. Vujić2, M. Radosavljević2, B. Dimitrijević1, S. Ilić3, D. Jagodić Krunić4 1University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2Mining Institute of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 3University of Belgrade 4Ministry of Mining and Energy of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
Keywords: мультиатрибутный, многокритериальный анализ, угольный карьер “Дрмно”, защита карьера от подземных вод, Multi-attribute analysis, multi-criteria analysis, Drmno open pit mine, protection of mine against groundwater
Drmno open pit mine with the annual yield of 9 million tons of coal is one of the main providers of the primary energy source in company Elektroprivreda Srbije. Due to the immediate vicinity of two rivers, the Mlava and the Danube, water abundance in the working environment is high and the problem of protecting the open pit from infiltration of underground waters is relevant to the execution of exploitation works. This paper is focused on the multi-attribute check of the preference of one of the two projected variants of the modification of the system for protecting Drmno open pit mine against the infiltration of groundwater. The outcome of the analysis confirms the signification and justification of applying a multi-attribute or multi-criteria analysis for examining such problems.
L. Yu. Levin, M. A. Semin
Mining Institute, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia
Keywords: рудничная вентиляция, местные сопротивления, сопряжения горных выработок, потери давления, воздухораспределение, вентиляционный трубопровод, Mine ventilation, local resistances, mine intersections, pressure loss, are distribution, ventilation duct
Air resistances are classified depending on their locality in underground mines. Three groups of local resistances are distinguished: shaft and mining horizon intersections; shaft and air channel intersections; stope and ventilation duct intersections in blind drifts. Influence of each group of the local resistances on the mine depression is evaluated as function of geometry and aerodynamics of underground openings. The criteria are proposed for estimating percentage influence of each group on the total mine depression are proposed. The calculation methods are determined for each group to be advisably used in quantitative analysis of air distribution in underground mine ventilation networks under the ventilation mode change.
