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The article explores the issues of modern higher education in relation to the state transition to the knowledge-based economy. Considering the issues within the socio-philosophical aspect results in understanding a phenomenon that prolonged «ob- solescence»of knowledge, separation of theory from practice overextend the measure of sustainability of an educational organization and methodically generate the necessity to modernize its basic processes: education, science and innovations. The research educes the differences between the operational management, focused on performing quantitative indexes, and strategic management, targeted to qualitative changes of the basic processes. The article investigates the processes of forming development strategies and strategic projects of universities. It reveals that strategic projects, focused on strategic management, can provide major breakthroughs of the universities unlike the development programme, realized within the operational management of a university. The article demonstrates the activity results in forming a development programme and experience in realizing strategic projects by Federal State Budget Educational Establishment of Higher Education «Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology» example.

The article aims to establish the causes of dissatisfaction with higher education reforms. The author sees their origins in the discrepancy between the conceptual metaphors of education, which guide faculty and mega-and macro-regulators of the educational system in their decision-making process. The commercial logic of the latter forces individuals and organizations of higher education to focus on competition. However, this is in odds with the Russian mentality, and competition is often carried out through cooperation. Confronting the paternalistic management style is a powerful integrating factor. The author identifies and describes several levels at which competition and cooperation relations can be traced, and also characterizes socially approved and deviant ways to implement them. Relations of cooperation are mechanisms of integration in the subsystem of higher education, and mechanisms of differentiation are realized in competitive relations. Both mechanisms are interrelated and interdependent, and express the processes inherent in the development of any system. However, the methods by which integration and differentiation are implemented will affect the viability of the system and the moral climate within it. In the light of citizens» dissatisfaction with the ongoing reforms of higher education, their axiological aspect is extremely important. It is concluded that it is necessary to return to the ideals of dignity, as well as scientific, teaching and student ethics at higher school, which is possible only if the mega- and macro-regulators adhere to the principles of managerial dialectics; balancing the vertical of power with horizontal network relations based on competition and cooperation mechanisms within the professional community. In this situation, the professional community itself will be able to identify and propose indicators relevant to higher education as a process, result, and value, methods of assessment for the educational and scientific activities of universities and the efficiency of the faculty.

In the last decades, besides the comparatively well-studied “bloom” caused by phytoplankton, a “bloom” of marine and fresh waters caused by littoral benthic macroalgae of three genera: Ulva , Cladophora and Spirogyra have become a global phenomenon. In the present review, an attempt is made to approach a comprehension why namely these taxa of green filamentous algae start to grow rapidly in spring in many water bodies and streams, including oligotrophic waters, and then float up from bottom forming floating mats (metaphyton), and their decaying masses are washed ashore and cause substantial ecological and economical losses. Peculiar and common ecological and physiological features of Ulva , Cladophora and Spirogyra favorable for the “green tides” formation are considered. Although an eutrophication (supply of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural lands, industrial and domestic wastewaters, aquaculture) is the evident cause of the increase of algal biomass, a hypothesis is proposed that a location of external fluxes of inorganic nutrients (surface runoff or groundwater discharge) is of the key importance for the “green tides” formation, as well as a biogenic re-direction of internal fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus from pelagial to littoral (benthification). Measures of mitigation of “green tides” are discussed. A necessity of detailed study of metaphytonic form of vegetation of benthic macroalgae is emphasized. It is remarked that a revision of the present concept of oligotrophic/eutrophic waters, which considers only pelagic compartments of aquatic ecosystems is needed.

The available literature data and materials of own research of 14 mineral and 19 thermal springs of the Lake Baikal region conducted in 1997-2017 are summarized. Soil profiles were made, samples of water, algae, lichens, mosses, vascular plants, qualitative and quantitative samples of zoobenthos were collected. The soils in the area of springs have a short profile and chemical composition corresponding to the water chemistry, they are named “parasoils”. Two hundred fifty seven species of algae were found in mineral springs, most of them (196 species) belong to the diatoms. The lichen flora proved to be non-specific. In the mineral springs 7 species were found, in the surroundings of the thermal springs 100 lower taxa were collected. In the mineral sodium chloride springs 6 types of communities of zoobenthos were distinguished according to the dominant in biomass group of the macroinvertebrates: Gastropoda-like, Turbellaria-like, Chironomidae-like, Amphipoda-like, Psychodidae-like and Ephydridae-like. In thermal springs 4 types of communities of zoobenthos were ascertained: Gastropoda-like (with division into mono-, two- and three-dominant), Odonata-like, Amphipoda-like and Chironomidae-like. High levels of biomass appropriate to the eutrophic and hypertrophic lakes are for the most part characteristic of thermal springs. The species status of endemic to high-thermal springs mollusk Lymnaea thermobaicalica is confirmed.

The paper presents results of study of autochthonous bacteriophages - previously unknown element in the structure of the “microbial loop” in the ecosystem of deep oligotrophic Lake Baikal. Transmission electron microscopy method was applied to study morphological diversity of phages in the water column, surface microlayer and benthic biofilms at the water-rock (marble, granite, mica, quartz, amphibolite, gabbro, urtite) interface. Data on the size structure of the autochthonous bacteriophages, their quantity, seasonal dynamics and vertical distribution from the surface to the maximum depth of 1200 m in comparison with bacteria are given. A few morphotypes of Baikal autochthonous bacteriophages affecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa are isolated and characterized by means of molecular and genetic methods. Full genomes of a gigantic phage PaBG of the family Myoviridae and MD8 of the family Siphoviridae are determined.

The results of a multi-year study of plankton algae and invertebrates in drainless saline lakes of the Uldza-Torey basin are presented. The plankton communities transformation due to climatic fluctuations was characterized by multidirectionality. The influence of abiotic environmental factors (water level, salinity, pH, water temperature) on the composition, structure and abundance of hydrobionts was estimated.

The algorithm of dynamic mass-balance simulating a biotic energy flow in planktonic community containing the microbial organisms has been developed. Inlet parameters of the model are latitude, mean depth of the water body, total phosphorus content and water colour. Biomass and production of the key plankton group are predicted by the model. It is shown that a food base for fish and fish growth depend on extent of protozoan plankton contained in food web.

The estimation of the current ecological state of the Sivash Gulf (the southern part of the Eastern Sivash) was conducted in the conditions of its water regime changes. According to the obtained concentrations of the main pollutants classes, the prevailing type of anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem state of the investigated water area is a reduction in the freshwater runoff. It caused a rise in the salinity of the water. The quantitative indices of the microbial community of sea bottom sediments of the bay characterize their contamination by organic substances. The increase of salinity in the basin caused restructuring of the bottom community main components. Meyo- and macrozoobenthos manifested decrease in biodiversity indicators and change in the taxonomic structure of the biocenosis.

Data on species diversity of Micrasterias C. Agardh ex Ralfs representatives from the water bodies of West Siberia, their occurrence in zones and subzones are generalized. To date 23 specific and intraspecific taxa from the order Desmidiales are known. The representatives of the family occur in mosaic order in all the area of West Siberia. The greatest number of taxa (15) was revealed in middle taiga, significantly less was determined in southern and northern taiga, 9 and 8 taxa, respectively, and 3-5 in other zones. No species were discovered in the steppe zone. Thirteen species (18 taxa) of the genus were found in the lakes of different types, 5 species (7 taxa) in water streams, 4 (5 taxa) in swamps, and 4 species in temporal water bodies. The analysis performed on adaptation of the species to habitat conditions has shown that the representatives of this genus may serve as indicators of acid and brackish water. With relation to mineralization prevail halophobes - 11 taxa, among indicators of pH prevail acidophilous plants - 15 taxa.

Introduction. The modern higher education student should consciously strive for a healthy lifestyle. However, the majority of students, in addition to numerous chronic diseases and disorders in the musculoskeletal system, have a low endurance threshold, which is considered one of the most pressing problems of modern society. Methodology and methods of the study . The study has a pedagogical and psychophysiological character, is based on the practice-activity approach. Pedagogical control includes the analysis of diseases, medical reports, academic progress of students of special medical groups, etc., carried out using techniques developed by teachers E. L. Chesnova, L. A. Kuzmina and R. V. Shlegina, who view endurance as «the ability of the individual to conscious efforts»[1], as well as the methods to strengthen the posture by V. S. Anishchenko [2]. The results of the study. The need to search for modern forms and means, effective methods for correcting posture impairment and educating endurance led to the choice of the topic of our research. To understand the end result of physical culture and health activities, the definitions of the concepts of «posture» and «endurance» are given. A sample teaching and methodical complex of physical exercises for strengthening the back muscles is presented, and recommendations are given for the development of endurance qualities. Conclusion . Practice shows that even in the presence of an objective diagnosis of spinal deformity and, as a result, impaired posture, the person can engage in physical exercise and, by making volitional efforts, nurturing endurance, to achieve high results.