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The qualitative and quantitative effects on the line profile of hard and soft velocity-changing collisions with scattering of absorbing molecules at large and small angles, respectively, are considered. It is shown that in the diffusion model of the profile, known as the model of "soft" collisions, scattering at large angles makes a significant contribution comparable to that in the model of hard collisions. The difference between these traditional models lies only in the mathematical forms of the representation of the collision integral, integral and differential, and the following analytical expressions for the profiles. Simple approximate formulas for the profile were derived and tested, which simultaneously took into account hard and soft collisions.

Calculations of line broadening and line shift of water vapor and carbon oxide confined in nanoporous media are presented. The collisions of free H₂O (CO) molecules with physically adsorbed on the surface molecules are discussed. Changes in the rotational structure of levels in physically adsorbed molecules are taken into account. The comparison with the existing experimental data is performed.

The work compares the chronologies of H₂O and CO₂ and pressure in the vacuum-extracted tree-ring disc gas samples of six Scots pine trees from one growth region. The results are analyzed. The analysis shows that discs have different annual CO₂ distributions, the H₂O data weakly correlate with precipitation, but the detected cyclicity is common to all the chronologies analyzed.

Forward growth of gross regional product in the Far East macro-region does not lead to adequate improvement of socio-demographic indicators in terms of sustainable development. The increase of value-added production mainly comes from commodity-producing industries rather than high-tech manufacturing. There is a significant imbalance in the dynamics of the reproductive sector development: from innovative - investment, consumer or infrastructure towards raw materials and energy. Commodity industry is the principal recipient of investment but it fails to create additional jobs. This, in the long run, undermines implementation of government plans for stable and growing population. The current social and economic policies may not produce expected results. The paper argues for necessary development of an innovative sector of the economy in the macro- region. The proposal is transition to a modern version of the State regional policy of polarized development - the concept of regional innovation system as a method to solve the problem. An efficiency assessment is made of its practical application in the Far East region. The proposed institutional changes will improve the socio- economic situation and start transition to a modern innovative type of reproduction in the macro-region.

This articles continue the series of publications with short reports about results of forecasting Russian economy development with expert-statistical Bayesian method. The special feature of this method is that it can be used under the circumstances of strong uncertainty. The fifth step of the research model focussed on social problems. As a result the picture of the most probable future scenario was formulated according to experts’ estimations and their interpretation. Numerical modeling shows strong connection between this picture and resources, Eastern and peripheral scenarios of our model.

The article analyzes the possibility of economic growth in Russia on the basis of potential of its investors. It is shown that gross domestic product (GDP) is still the main indicator reflecting economic growth. However, the conditions for transition to the Inclusive Development Index (IDI) as an indicator of economic growth are being formed. The revealed features of investment activity of organizations reflect the assessment of risk appetite, dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets. Analysis of investment objectives and sources of financing of investments in fixed assets allowed determining the dynamics of importance of these indicators and recommendations for the use of financial investments of organizations. For this purpose, the relations between investments in fixed capital and financial investments of companies are determined. The place and role of separate financial instruments (equity and debt) for financing investments in fixed capital are investigated. On the example of individual investors (population) a detailed analysis of the population as an investor from the standpoint of investment preferences for financial instruments, which allowed to clarify the financial potential of this type of investors.

The article provides an interim assessment of achieved target indicators of the Strategy for Development of Agricultural Engineering in Russia for the period of up to 2020, which allowed the author to conclude that the results achieved by the industry do not match the expectations. Changes in the strategic planning system associated with coming into force of federal law No. 172-FZ have led to adoption of new strategic documents for development of domestic agricultural engineering. Therefore, the author examines the key intentions of the state regarding the industry in the new realities in terms of their validity and consistency. The result was the conclusion about poor quality of developed strategic documents that have not yet become real management tools.

The paper describes typical strategies that the players of the financial market implement in order to adapt themselves to the FinTech revolution. Sets of strategies are presented as two portfolio matrices based on the following criteria: degree of innovativeness of company’s activities, degree of innovativeness ofproduct, specialization. The latter criterion was introduced due to the fact that many non-financial companies enter financial market.A detailed description is given for each strategy. It is necessary to keep in mind that all strategies that were identified in the present paper are ideal ones. In reality financial market players can combine them. Examples of such combinations are given.

The article disproves the current myths about the functioning of the credit card market in Russia in the area of: a) the insignificance of the banking segment; b) the«usual» cost of borrowing; c) ease of use of grace-periods (preferential interest- free periods); d) low impact on the growth of borrowers’ debt load; e) the possibility of using non-activated cards as a strategic financial reserve; e) economic attractiveness of a new type of credit card - installment cards; g) foreign experience in the functioning of the credit card market in developed countries (using the example of the UK). On the basis of analysis carried out by the author, he has formulated a number of major problems that impede the effective development of the credit card market in Russia at the present stage and suggested a number of debatable solutions.

The article discusses historical forms of PPP, demonstrates that PPP was present throughout the history of the state as such. It is shown at the example of Russia that the advanced forms of PPP (fief, an analogue of concession) may appear earlier than simple ones (farming). It is shown that PPP can generate and systematically generates corruption. Although PPP was present almost everywhere, it took root and developed in different countries in different ways. The development of PPP is intermittent and uneven. PPP contributed to formation of important sustainable forms of economic and legal relationships. The scale of PPPs, measured in terms of their share in gross investment, is relatively small, but significant. Thanks to PPP, the state retains control over important assets, primarily real estate, and receives investments and effective management services from private business.