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We estimated a change in the methane concentration during the periods of atmospheric blocking observed in summer time. Methane concentrations have been derived from continuous measurements carried from 2005 to 2013 in Siberia at Japan-Russia Siberian Tall Tower Inland Observation Network (JR-STATION). The blocking events were identified in accordance with Tibaldi and Molteni criteria and surface temperature anomalies with the use of the Era-interim reanalysis data. The events lasting more than five days have been included in the blocking event list (13 in total). All found events are separated into two groups by spatial coverage (bordering and sector) and three groups by duration (5-6, 7-9, >10 days). We analyzed these events for natural fires and precipitation anomalies before them. It was found that almost all blocking events selected caused an increase in the methane concentration independently of the duration and spatial coverage. The degree of impact differs depending on the blocking characteristics and concomitants. On the basis of these differences, four main groups are distinguished, characterizing the “blocking-methane concentration” connection: “large-long blocking / extensive fires” (maximum impact), “large-long blocking / abnormal rainfall before blocking / local fires” (next in degree of impact), “short blocking / without additional conditions” (the third), and “bordering-long blocking / local fires” (minimum impact).

A substantial temperature rise regarding long-term rates is observed in the stratosphere due to intense tropical eruptions. The detected temperature anomalies account for volcanogenic aerosol absorption of short-wave solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation. An intermediate complexity spectral model of general circulation was used to analyze the atmospheric circulation response to variations in transmission coefficients of short-wave radiation in the stratosphere after volcanic emissions of carbon aerosols which absorb the radiation. The results show considerable differences in the Northern and Southern hemisphere responses. Surface temperature anomalies in the southern polar region may be observed for 10 years following tropical volcanic eruptions.

Correlations of latitudinal dynamics of the atmospheric moisture content (W) with quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO) of zonal wind in the equatorial stratosphere and solar activity over the north-east of Eurasia during 1979-2015 are analyzed with the use of data of AERONET sun-sky photometers (st. Yakutsk, st. Tomsk, st. Irkutsk, and st. Dalanzadgad) and ERA-Interim reanalysis, based on the regular meteorological observations, aerological and satellite information. Reliably significant correlation is found between the mean annual values of W and QBO during its eastern phase. At the same time, variations in W, depending on latitude, reveal the fundamental cycles of solar activity (Schwabe, Hale, and Bruckner).

A semi-empirical model for the description of spectral contribution of main components of natural water, including pure water, chlorophyll, yellow substance, and organo-mineral suspension into spectral light attenuation at three wavelengths of 430, 550, and 670 nm is developed based on the data from field studies conducted at Altai Krai waterbodies, i.e., Lapa, Krasilovskoye, and Bolshoye Ostrovnoye lakes, in 2014-2016. The predictive capabilities of the developed model of integral spectral light attenuation in the multicomponent aqueous medium for solving problems of complex water and environmental monitoring and rational water management are estimated.

Laser technologies used in order to provide the development of ROV sensor elements are presented, as well as the latest results in underwater robotics, where laser spectroscopy methods are applied to underwater environment monitoring. A designed submersible laser spectrometer is presented, intended for research of Raman and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectra. The spectrometer was developed and designed as an element of ROV sensor system for detection and measurements of organic matter concentrations in sea water. LIF spectrometer’s in situ tests in different marine areas including Arctic region are described.

We examine the main sources of uncertainties in measuring the near-infrared water vapor continuum absorption using the Fourier spectrometric complex of Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS. The instrumental and methodical errors are considered, including the error in determining baseline, as well as the possible impact of nanoscale complexes of water molecules.

The description of the improvement of the experimental setup based on Fourier spectrometer Bruker IFS-125 and 30-meter multipath optical cell is given in the paper. The improvement includes the cell equipment with a system of automatic adjustment of the number of beam passes without its depressurization and ensures the cell work at high temperatures.

The system of collection and preparation of patient’s exhalation samples for medical laser photoacoustic gas analyzer is developed and tested. A comparative study of different types of exhaled air dryers is carried out. It is proposed to produce the dehumidification of expiratory sample directly in the sampling bag by freezing the moisture in the freezer, then transferring the drained sample to the analyzer via syringe. It is experimentally shown that when exposing an expiratory sampling probe packet for 10 min at -18 ^oC the water vapor content in the sample decreased by ~20 times. A gas circuit diagram of a medical laser gas analyzer is developed, which allows sterilization of the inner surfaces of the gas system using ozone.

On the basis of a common understanding of the calculation of the response R of photoelectric counters to aerosol particles, a formula for R is derived for commercially available counters with a specific geometry and the spectral characteristics of the source and the radiation detector. To correct size ranges of the counters tables are obtained using the Mie theory. The tables call attention to the difference between the complex refractive index of calibration and test particles. Ignorance of the difference can lead to large errors in the determination of particle size. The attention is drawn to the need to consider the dependence of the complex refractive index of particles in different size ranges on the relative air humidity.

The purpose of the work is to identify the reasons of the problems of Russian education: commercialization, bureaucratization and managerization. The research method is the system approach. The study subject is the ideology of individualistic society. It is shown that, at the post-industrial stage of evolution of this society, education turns into the services sector functioning under laws of the market and operated by managers. Regularity of emergence of problems of commercialization and managerization of education is derived from this regularity. It is shown that the reason behind the bureaucratization problem is low financing and, respectively, the low status of teaching work. The reasons of such low financing are defined.