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This paper presents an extensive review of currently available shallow-depth portable geophysical instrumentation for electromagnetic induction sounding and profiling and the main technical characteristics of the devices. A new ground-based multicoil shallow-depth device with a special arrangement of receiver coils is considered. The latter are placed on the line where the vertical component of the magnetic field from the source coil is zero. The spacing between the source and the receivers is used as a sounding parameter, along with a frequency. This increases the efficiency of the study of the upper section and the contrast between the sounding curves, which simplifies their interpretation. In studies of local anomalous objects, the use of the proposed method and instrumentation significantly improves the quality of geophysical data. The increase in sounding efficiency provided by these devices is demonstrated on both synthetic and real field data.

We describe a setup for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their electrical resistivity at different pressures and temperatures using an AMNB cylindrical four-electrode probe. Methods for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their resistivity are considered. The setup was used in a series of experiments to measure the resistivity of sand samples containing water, ice, or tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate. It is shown that when the rock pores contain hydrates and a partially unfrozen aqueous solution of NaCl and THF, the electrical resistivity is determined by the high resistivity of the solution and increases with the formation of hydrate. The presence of THF hydrate in the experimental samples increased their resistivity by 180-320 Ohm·m at a temperature of about 0 °C. After the formation of hydrate and freezing of residual water, the resistivity of the sample is stabilized at 70-80 kOhm·m at a temperature of -15 °C.

Results of magnetotelluric sounding (MTS) in Gornyi Altai are interpreted on the basis of a numerical model of MTS curve distortions in a 3D earth. The distortions are modelled using the Trefftz method permitting the application of models of different degrees of similarity to the test medium (depending on the available computation tools). The major advantage of this approach is demonstrated. There is no need to choose between different MTS curves (transverse and longitudinal, minimum and maximum, undistorted and distorted). Procedures of normalization of these curves become unnecessary. All recorded curves are used in full measure as input data for their inversion. Optimization of the model of the medium with regard to the distortion of MTS curves caused by surface and depth inhomogeneities improves the reliability of geoelectric sections.

Catalytic heater model in the form of a tubular reactor, in the tube space of which heat is removed using a high-boiling coolant was elaborated. Kinetic parameters of methane oxidation rate constant on a manganese-alumina catalyst (pre-exponential factor and activation energy) that were used to calculate the observable reaction rates on grains of various shapes and sizes were determined. It was demonstrated that the maximum specific heat power of a catalytic heater is 19.25 kW/m³; it can be obtained by applying the catalyst in the form of rings with dimensions of 5 × 5 × 2 mm, under the following conditions: inlet methane concentration of 3 %, inlet temperature of 500 °C, coolant temperature of 400 °C, tube length of 1 m, tube diameter of 8 cm, linear rate of 0.05 m/s. With such parameters, the degree of methane conversion is greater than 98 %, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 770 °C, which meets accepted limitations.

The effect of the reduction period in hydrogen of Pd/Sibunit and Pd-M/Sibunit (M: Ga, Zn, Ag) catalyst, as well as the nature of palladium and zinc precursors on properties of samples in the of liquid-phase hydrogenation reaction of acetylene into ethylene was investigated. It was found that the introduction of the second metal (Ga, Zn, and Ag) into the Pd-catalyst prevented sintering of the active component during reductive thermal treatment resulting in the reduction period does not affect the activity and selectivity of the modified catalysts, unlike an unmodified Pd/Sibunit sample. For the Pd-Zn/Sibunit sample, it was demonstrated that modification with zinc led to a change in the nature of catalytic active sites and an increase in their number, regardless the nature of metal precursors; herewith, the Pd-Zn/Sibunit system synthesized from solutions of palladium nitrate and zinc nitrate is distinguished by a higher activity and selectivity.

A 0.25 % Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was investigated. The sample was tested in modelling of joint conversion of butane and hexane, propane, and heptane with assessing kinetic parameters of the reactions under study. It was found that a decrease in the activation energy by 10.6 kJ/mol and an increase in the rate constant of aromatization by 1.3 times in comparison with hexane conversion was observed at joint conversion of butane and hexane, which leads to an increase in the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons. At the introduction of propane into the reaction medium to heptane, a reverse dependence was detected.

The composition of sulphur compounds of oils in high-sulphur natural bitumen of the Ashalchi deposit (Russia), as well as its thermal cracking products was studied under various conditions. It was demonstrated that depending on thermal treatment conditions gas and coke formation, the composition of the liquid cracking products and sulphur content in them significantly changed. Cracking of bitumen in a reactor autoclave leads to an insignificant decrease in the content of benzothiophene homologs in the composition of oils, the products are enriched with of dibenzothiophene derivatives. Cracking of bitumen in a flow reactor allows decreasing the content of benzothiophene homologs by 37 %, and dibenzothiophene homologs - by 72 rel. % in liquid cracking products.

Analysis of the evolution of carbon black grades manufactured in Russia was given on the example of the Russia largest enterprise that is Omsk Carbon Group. Development trends innovative technologies of the enterprise in expanding varieties of carbon black grades were demonstrated. Innovative products including those manufactured under the brand OMCARB for various designations were presented in detail. Some results of scientific research carried out by the Scientific and Technological Center of Carbon Materials and Institute of Hydrocarbon Processing (IHP SB RAS) in the development trends of carbon black types were presented. Recommendations on rational choice and use of innovative varieties of black carbon were proposed in the first place to tire and industrial rubber goods, as well to as other polymer products manufacturers.

To improve biospecific properties of carbon enterosorbents for purposes of veterinary medicine methods of chemical modification of their surface were proposed. The first area is modification of carbon surfaces by the method of polycondensation of biologically active substances (arginine) and in situ formation of polymers (directly on the surface of carbon sorbents). Another method is impregnating into a porous matrix of carbon carrier nanodispersed betuline in a water soluble form. To study physicochemical characteristics of veterinary preparations synthesized the following methods were used: scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (relief and morphology); X-Ray phase analysis (phase composition); the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption (texture studies); X-Ray microanalysis and CHNOS Elemental Analysis (elemental composition): IR spectroscopic analysis, Kjeldahl method, H. P. Boehm's method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (surface functional composition of the synthesized samples). The article presents the study results of physicochemical properties of carbon sorbents before and after modification, which confirm the presence of polyarginine and betuline in the composition of the resulting samples.

To improve biospecific properties of carbon enterosorbents for veterinary purposes methods for chemical modification of their surface were proposed. Modified samples of carbon sorbent were synthesized: carbon sorbent containing polyarginine and the betuline preparation impregnated into a porous matrix. Adsorption properties of the tested samples in relation to substances modelling low and average molecular mass toxins (Vitamin В12, methylene blue) were studied. The assessment of adsorption properties in relation to proinflammatory cytokines at the example of a sorbent modified with polyarginine was carried out. It was found that adsorption properties of carbon sorbents were influenced by localized application of modifiers to carbon sorbent samples and elevated contents of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups on their surface.