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During the last week of January 2016 total ozone values ca. 200 DU was detected over the northern Ural and Siberia. Such phenomena was classified as ozone “mini-hole”. There was the first time during all the monitoring period since 1970 when ozone “mini-hole” formed here in the first half of the year. Possible causes and factors of extremely low ozone values initiation during the winter 2016 in comparison to other Arctic winters with sufficient ozone losses were analyzed. A primary role of dynamic processes in ozone anomaly formation in January 2016 was shown. The assumption was made that the greater negative ozone anomalies are likely to appear over Arctic in future.

The comparison of results of ozone fields numerical modeling with various experimental data allows assessing the quality of models for using them in predicting the ozone layer development. We compare satellite (SBUV) and ground-based (IFS Bruker 125HR) measurements of ozone in two atmospheric layers (0-25 and 25-60 km) with numerical simulation data (Lower and Middle Atmosphere Model) over St. Petersburg for the period between 2011 and 2014. We analyze the differences between coincident data pairs for daily and monthly averaged values. In general, model describes the experimental ozone with good or satisfactory accuracy. However, we observed some systematic differences between measured and modeled ozone contents for some periods. Usually, model overestimates the ozone columns compared to satellite measurements in 0-25 km layer and underestimates them in 25-60 km layer for the autumn-winter period. The same features we observed for daily and monthly averages. In some cases, model describes high frequency fluctuations of ozone columns, which are not observed in experimental data.

The article analyzes the main factors leading to the rise in intensity of coniferous forests focal drying out on the territory of Southern Siberia, recorded during 1990-s. It has been shown that a significant factor weakening the resistance of coniferous trees, could be a long-term ozone depletion due to the constant presence of stratospheric volcanic aerosols caused by frequent Plinian eruptions of tropical belt volcanoes with VEI ≥ 4, which is why South Siberian region has been under continuous exposure to high doses of short-wave UV-B radiation since 1992 to 2012.

The work presents the results of the study of long-term changes in average seasonal surface air temperature in the Siberian region for the last 43 years (from 1973 to 2015), as well as for the periods from 1973 to 2005 (when there was the most intense global warming) and from 2006 to 2015 (the period of global warming slowdown or even a cooling in some regions). It is shown that winter and spring seasons have made major contribution to the rise in surface air temperature over the territory of Siberia during the period from 1973 to 2015. A cooling in the Arctic regions of Siberia in the winter season, as well as a cooling in the Western Siberia and in the south-western part of Eastern Siberia in the autumn season made the greatest contribution to reducing the intensity of the warming over the last decade.

Comparisons of model forecasts (XTM CHIMERE and COSMO-RU7-ART) air pollution with data of measurements in Moscow in 2015 are presented. Both HTM use predictive fields of meteorological sizes according to model of the atmosphere of COSMO-RU7. It is established that models underestimate average daily concentration of PM10 and predict with an error on the average of 0,01-0,02 mg of m^-3. Concentration of dioxide of XTM COSMO-RU7-ART nitrogen is counted with a margin error on the average by 0,01-0,02 mg of m³, CHIMERE - 0,02-0,03 mg of m^-3 (summer of 0,05-0,08 mg of m^-3), systematically overestimating NO₂. Most often COSMO-RU7-ART underestimates concentration of carbon monoxide (by 0,1-0,2 mg of m^{-3, a daily maximum on 0,4-0,6} mg of m^-3); CHIMERE, on the contrary, systematically overestimates WITH (on 0,2-0,35 mg of m^-3, it is frequent on 0,4-0,5 mg of m^-3 in the summer). Some results of experiments about influence of a way of definition of height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on model calculations of concentration of CO are discussed. PBL paid off: a) directly in XTM CHIMERE, b) in COSMO-RU7.

In the article, evidences of really observed regional transport of air pollutants onto Lake Baikal are compared with calculations with the use of mathematical model. According to observed data the highest air pollution over the lake is connected with atmospheric transport of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides from largest coal Power Plants situated around Irkutsk and Angarsk cities as well as from the side of Buryatia (Ulan-Ude and Gusinoozersk). Particularly strong transport of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides into Baikal atmosphere happens at a night time, due to inversed meteorological condition, with weakly dispersed plumes from high stacks of Power Plants. Data of automatic measurements of sulphur and nitrogen dioxides demonstrate that real mechanisms of pollutant’s transfer on the Lake Baikal are more complicated and varied as compared with simulated results. Simulated estimations of SO₂ concentrations are close to month average observed concentrations, but they do not describe some special events of extremely high concentrations of pollutants in Baikal atmosphere.

Snow samples are selected and the composition of PAHs in sediments of solid snow in the city of Bratsk is studied. A comparison with the industrial towns of Shelekhov, Novokuznetsk, and Syktyvkar. A close correlation between the quality (profile) of PAH in the snow cover near aluminum smelters, and emissions from sources of electrolytic shops of aluminium production technology with self-roasted anodes are found. The values of the relations of various PAHs in the gas and dust emissions from the electrolytic process of producing aluminum are found. The possibility of their use for identifying sources of pollution from aluminum plants is shown. It is found that the carcinogenic activity of PAH in the snow cover is formed mainly by the contribution of benzo(a)pyrene.

Stratification of isotropic ultraviolet emission of atmosphere (λ = 1200-1270 Å) by vertical electric field has been considered as a static polarization of highly excited metastable molecules of ozone cycle (O(¹D), O(³P), O₂(a¹Sg⁺)). Thermodynamic valuations and scalability of Van der Waals collective interactions have been obtained based on the concept of the Rydberg fluid of excited subsystem of atmosphere that plays an important role in stabilization of ionic layers. Additions to the classical tensor of electric field tension of atmosphere Tik have been considered within the limits of the model of average self-consistent electric field (nonlinear-Poisson equation). Polarization components of the tensor Tik stabilizing the system have been calculated. The model of dynamic field-adiabatic dielectric permeability ε(r) as a function of local potential has been proposed.

Results of field experiments performed with bistatic optolectronic communication systems in artificial and natural water reservoirs in 2015 are discussed in the present paper. The experiments were aimed at estimation of the communication quality based on the control of communication error probabilities and their standard deviations. Results of experiments suggest that the OECS can be developed that effectively operate in water and complex media (water-atmosphere and atmosphere-water including ice interface) with communication path lengths from several ten to several hundred meters.

The observation of specular reflection of illuminated underlying surface cloud layer of horizontally oriented ice plates is reported. The conditions and means of observing this phenomenon are described. Certain evaluations of the characteristics of the reflecting layer clouds obtained on the basis of these observations, are presented as well as photographs, illustrating the phenomenon.