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Evolving cognitive technologies of forest cover pattern recognition of different species and ages while hyperspectral airborne imagery processing, characteristic features of the images formation obtained by optical receiving devices are considered together with models of the registered spectra description and forest cover parameters retrieval. Specific conditions are shown of direct problems solution in the form of dependence of the spectral functional on optical properties of the forest canopy and inverse problems of the forest vegetation phytomass volume retrieval as well as its biological productivity parameters in their possible applications in climate models.

The fast atmospheric correction algorithm is described. The algorithm is based upon presentation of the reflectance for any albedo via reflectances for the same atmosphere and model surface albedos. Test results to demonstrate workability of the algorithm for high spatial resolution data processing are presented.

The inversion of the optical contrasts between the ripple and slick areas created by natural processes is analyzed. It is shown that, depending on the solar zenith angle and the angle at which spacecraft-mounted optical scanner observes the slick-ripple areas border, the intensity of light reflected from the slick area may be either greater or less than the intensity of light reflected from the ripple area. The quantitative evaluations of the sea surface slopes corresponding to inversion of the slick-ripple areas optical contrast are obtained.

The method is considered for updating of the coastal water depths according to multi- and hyperspectral remote sensing imagery in the visible and near infrared spectral range. The depth recovery for each element of the image is produced on the basis of solving the inverse problem, which consists in training an artificial neural network using a semi-analytical model of radiation transfer in water taking into account the effects of scattering and absorption of light in the underwater light field at least in three informative spectral channels for each bottom type. At the same time, it is possible to adjust the learning process by means of regression algorithms for determination of organic and mineral impurities in water on their in-situ measurements. We enriched the library of the spectral characteristics of different types of bottom and found informative signs identifying them. The results are tested according to aviation and hyperspectral space imageries.

The article considers internal and external mechanisms of transformation epistemological standards accepted in science. We show that internal mechanisms determine the line of research, and external ones influence on the research organization. Significant external causes transformation of science at the present stage are machinery, computerization and mathematical methods, which determine the composition and structure of the team, and adopted the epistemological assumptions.

Since the end of the XX century considerable high-quality changes take place in science. A number of revolutionary discoveries in the field of physics, biology, information sciences and psychology is made, which become an integral part of reality, significantly transforming natural and social habitat of people. The problem is that introduction of fantastic scientific results in our life happens without deep judgment of an essence and consequences of these changes. The bioethics with interdisciplinary methodology is capable to reveal the scientific potential and possible danger of new convergent technologies, to offer an effective mechanism of the balanced socio-humanitarian expertise of innovations.

The article outlines a historical overview of the basic concepts of life in different periods, the discussion of these concepts, the proposed attempt of the author's definition of this concept.

The paper deals with the problem of cross-disciplinary cooperation between philosophy and cognitive psychology. The experimental cognitive approach is demonstrated via examples of cognitive investigations of mental disorders (autism). It is shown that this approach aims to find correlations between symptoms of a mental disorder, but not to systemiting them into a pattern with some primary disorder as a base. Cognitive approach is also criticized from the point of inaccuracy of the terms used, and of lack of conclusions' persuasion. Thus, the tasks of philosophical approach are: a) heuristic formulation of a hypothesis for further investigations; b) understanding (in Jaspers' terms) of the data received, arranging them into a reasonable system; c) formulating of the question of a primary deficiency; d) making the terms more precise and a criticizing «from outside» the cognitive approach in the cases of the sampling used, the accuracy of conclusions, etc., e) using the data for the development of general philosophical conceptualizations of human reasoning. The models of mentality with the central management and those without it are also analyzed in the paper, using the data about autistic disorder. The author concludes that the efficient cross-disciplinary cooperation between philosophy and cognitive psychology is possible and productive.

In the first article of a series of studies dedicated to ancient meteorology (Filosofiya nauki, 68 [2016], pp. 101-120) I discussed the method and content of Pseudo-Theophrastus’ On weather signs and translated a short treatise On the location and names of the winds, traditionally included in the Corpus Aristotelicum. In this article, based on Aristotle’s Meteorology, the Meteorology of Theophrastus in Syriac and Arabic Translation and Seneca's Naturales Questiones, I approach various theories, designed in Antiquity for explanation of the origin and development of winds and hurricanes.