May 21, 2016 marks the 80th anniversary of the birth of one of the most prominent Russian scientists in the field of atmospheric aerosol research Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor Lev Semenovich Ivlev.
A.R. BAKHTIZIN1, YE.M. BUKHVALD2, A.V. KOLCHUGINA2 1Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy av., 47, Moscow, 117418, Russia 2Institute of Economics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nakhimovskiy av., 32, Moscow, 117218, Russia
Keywords: субъекты Федерации, экономическая дифференциация регионов, региональная политика, subjects of the Russian Federation, economic differentiation of regions, regional policy
Subsection: Regional Policy and Economic Issues of Federalism
The article assessed causes and trends of socio-economic differentiation of the Russian federal subjects, as well as prospects of its overcoming, in particular from the standpoint of being ready to transfer their economies onto an innovative development path. We study the relevant objectives of regional development policy and present the current understanding of priorities to overcome inter-regional economic differentiation. We substantiate the ways of integrating federal innovation policy and regional development policy. To this end, the article distinguishes between groups of regions characterized both by the common level of socio-economic development and the specific features of their disposable investment, innovation, and social potentials. We identify how regional economic growth depends on the development indicators of investment, innovation, and social potentials. The article concludes that only flexible approaches in the federal regional policy, which account for the potential specificities of different regional groups, will help to overcome inter-regional economic differentiation, including that based on innovative development.
A.N. BUFETOVA
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: регионы России, уровень экономического развития, пространственная концентрация экономической активности, распределение экономической активности, эволюция распределения, финальное (эргодическое) распределение, Russian regions, level of economic development, spatial concentration of economic activity, distribution of economic activity, evolution of distribution, final (ergodic) distribution
Subsection: Economic Issues of Regional Development
Using quantitative methods and qualitative analysis, the article explores the spatial distribution of economic activity in Russia. We obtain the characteristics of the evolution of economic activity distribution by analyzing Markov chains and mobility indices. The study shows that the spatial concentration of production has continued in the modern Russian economy. Along with the preservation and enhancement of existing centers of resource specialization, a number of new ones have formed; at the same time, we are witnessing the weakening role of old centers. Our analysis of the evolution of distribution has pointed out the presence of an active «poverty trap», «wealth trap» and a tendency to the formation of a «medial» group of regions according to the level of economic activity. The final distribution of regions in terms of economic activity, achievable by maintaining the trend observed over the test period, shows the establishment of a rather large pole of relative poverty and a pole of wealth that concentrates a significant proportion of value-added production. The emerging group of regions with the average development level is relatively small. Under such circumstances, the regional policy aimed at stimulating regional development only galvanizes the processes of polarization. A more adequate policy seems to be aimed at leveling uneven territorial development in order to avoid excessive exacerbation of interregional disparities and inequalities.
S.P. ZEMTSOV1, V.V. KLIMANOV2, YE.A. BUGAEVA3 1Institute of Applied Economic Research RANEPA, Vernadsky av., 82, Moscow, 119571, Russia 2Faculty at RANEPA, Vernadsky av., Moscow, 82, 119571, Russia 3Committee Chairperson at the Department of Economics, Administration of Tomsk Oblast, Lenin sq., 6, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Keywords: Томская область, районирование, экономический пояс, пространственное планирование, пропульсивные отрасли, Tomsk Oblast, subdivision into districts, economic zone, spatial planning, propulsion industries
Subsection: Economic Issues of Regional Development
The article describes methodology behind the economic subdivision of Tomsk Oblast into districts. The theoretical basis for district identification is the concepts of propulsion industries, poles and axes of growth. We divide the area of the region into three economic zones, depending on the density of economic activity, their specialization and distance from Tomsk. The article sets development priorities for different parts of Tomsk Oblast until 2030. Tomsk agglomeration, center of research and hi-tech industries, has been identified as the main spatial development priority. We introduce multiple scenarios of spatial development that depend on the implementation of major infrastructure projects.
N.A. KRAVCHENKO, V.I. KLISTORIN, G.V. ZHDAN, P.A. AVERKIN
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: реиндустриализация, программа реиндустриализации, система управления программой, дорожная карта, Новосибирская область, reindustrialization, program for reindustrialization, program management system, roadmap, Novosibirsk Oblast
Subsection: Economic Issues of Regional Development
The article justifies the management system for the Program for Reindustrialization of Novosibirsk Oblast based on accounting for the institutional environment and economic situation in the region. We prove that the success of the program is determined by the possibilities to consolidate the concerned parties' efforts, that is why it is necessary to consider interests, motivation, and trust level of all participants. The obligatory conditions are the clarity and transparency of the program management system and decision-making process. We propose a scheme for managing the program and develop its implementation mechanism. In order to implement the program, it is essential to improve the system of support priorities generation; simplify procedures and ensure maximum availability of local resources for business development; increase the possibility of using state property and public procurement to stimulate demand for the products of Novosibirsk Oblast companies.
M.V. NESENA1, V.M. RAZUMOVSKIY2
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Keywords: регион, этническое разнообразие, гетерогенность населения по стране и региону происхождения, производительность труда, совокупная факторная производительность региона, region, ethnic diversity, population heterogeneity by country and region of origin, labor productivity, total factor productivity in a region
Subsection: Social Issues of Regional Development
The article discusses the performance indicators of Russian regions and their association with population heterogeneity by ethnicity, by country and region of origin. As a theoretical background the research used the neoclassical theory of economic growth and new economic geography. The study assessed the labor productivity, capital productivity and total factor productivity of the regions on the basis of the macroeconomic approach. We employed multidimensional statistical method, economic models of panel data, including the ones with spatial effects. The results of the study show that labor productivity and total factor productivity are positively associated with population heterogeneity by country and region of origin. This effect is stable for the regions with a higher population density. The study also shows that the regions that develop the R&D sphere, increase the human capital and attract migration flows are themselves the sources of total factor productivity growth for the neighboring regions. The acquired results are applicable within regional economic policy.
N.D. VAVILINA1, D.A. KOTOV2 1New Siberian Institute, Obyedineniya st., 82/2, Novosibirsk, 630027, Russia 2Department of Information Policy of the Krasnoyarsk Administration, Karl Marx st., 93, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
Keywords: социальная напряженность, социальная тревожность, социальные проблемы, конформистские позиции, протестные настроения, social tension, social anxiety, social problems, conformist position, the protest mood
Subsection: Social Issues of Regional Development
The article presents the results of monitoring the social feeling of Krasnoyarsk residents. Here we show the unique situation of the year 2014 when, despite growing social tension and anxiety, the level of protest activity started to decrease. We consider the conditions for such social phenomenon and identify the sources of increasing trust in major political and social institutions. We characterize the opportunities for cooperation between the population and authorities. The level of conformist attitudes has risen dramatically. The article points out that this «socialpeace» will not last long; the population will adopt other social relations unless there are new strategies for regional development.
G.F. ROMASHKINA, A.O. VYLEGZHANINA
Tyumen State University, Lenin st., 16, Tyumen, 625003, Russia
Keywords: Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ, циркумполярная зона, экологические проблемы, антропогенное воздействие, социальная политика, экология человека, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, circumpolar area, environmental problems, anthropogenic impact, social policy, human ecology
Subsection: Social Issues of Regional Development
Using the example of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the article analyzes the socio-economic aspects of human ecology problems in the circumpolar area basing on the data on environmental issues and ecology-related diseases, as well as peoples' subjective views about their environmental vulnerability. The level of peoples' susceptibility to the objective ecological conditions in YaNAO, as recorded in contrast to the subjective feelings of insecurity from environmental threats, is one of the key parameters of social well-being for residents in this region. We conclude that local residents in the study sample hardly sense any environmental threats compared to the sample of the Russian population in general, and its continuous decline against an increase in actual environmental risks and public health threats associated with an unfavorable environmental setting. An inconsistency between subjective perceptions of environmental threats and the objective growth of environmental threat is defined as a significant social and psychological factor of environmental risk. We practically demonstrate how to increase social and psychosocial environmental awareness.
The article suggests an approach to measuring and evaluating the factor of innovation on macro- and regional levels without common innovation indicators. Innovation activity is seen as a force that can slow down or even overcome the objective increasing in per-unit investment when shifting to a higher technological level of production. We assess the influence of the innovative factor solely in connection with the ratio between investment efforts and the resulting indicators of economic dynamics, growth in labor productivity. Using a particular method of evaluation, we give the assessments of innovation intensity in investment relating to the Russian regions in 2005-2007 and 2008-2013. The article demonstrates significant differences between the line-up of leading regions in some publications. It turns out that the important characteristics of economic development for leading regions identified with the proposed method are much more preferable than those of «innovative» leaders determined with traditional rank-rating approaches. Concerning the Siberian regions, we notice a major polarization of innovation intensity indicators. In fact, no region has moderate innovation indicators.
A.A. KIN
Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev av., 17, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
Keywords: Восточная Сибирь, Дальний Восток, крупномасштабный проект, трансграничный газопровод «Сила Сибири», газохимия, социальная и экономическая эффективность, Eastern Siberia, Far East, large-scale project, the Power of Siberia cross-country gas pipeline, chemical utilization of natural gas, social and economic efficiency
Subsection: Regional and Interregional Aspects of Structural and Investment Policy
The article shows that this large-scale project, which includes constructing the Power of Siberia cross-country gas pipeline, developing Siberian gas fields, building a gas processing plant and a helium plant complex, will promote the economic development of Eastern Siberia and the Far East and improve their investment attractiveness. An important social result of the Power of Siberia project will be increased employment rates at factories producing equipment and components for the gas industry, in construction sector companies, and others. The Power of Siberia pipeline route was chosen in such a manner that it will gasify the maximum possible number of populated localities. Gasification of households and enterprises in regions will improve the quality of life and the environment, allow organizing a series of new high-performance plants and industries, and enhance the competitiveness of their products.
