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The article characterizes representation of results of historical-legal research in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. A wide range of sources is used. The basic concepts are the history of intellectual culture and book culture as its component. Intellectual culture is understood as cumulative mental and verbal resources of society that creates and uses ideas putting them into circulation among its contemporaries through various means of communication. Scientific and journalistic works by A.N. Afanasyev, A.G. Brickner, A.D. Gradovsky, I.I. Dityatin, V.N. Leshkov, A.V. Lokhvitsky, K.P. Pobedonostsev, N.V. Reutsky, B.N. Chicherin, P.K. Shchebalsky have been analyzed. It is noted that works on historical-legal topics were published by the leading experts in this area in the so-called “fat” magazines, which were the means of scientific knowledge dissemination. The article reveals specifics of publishing individual monographs and collected scientific papers the texts first appeared in press and then were published as separate editions turning into a part of book culture. Besides, in some cases publications in magazines could give authors an opportunity to continue their monographic studies. Most of the papers belonged to the Moscow University graduates and scholars, who were colleagues and friends with M.N. Katkov. They used the services of the printing house «Katkov and K°» and published their works in «The Russian Herald». The author concludes that the book culture and periodicals were an important component of intellectual culture of the period under review. They contributed to representation of academic historical-legal knowledge by introducing achievements of scientific jurisprudence to educated society.

The aim of this article is to characterize publications on journeys from Siberia to Saint-Petersburg on the pages of the popular weekly magazines («Niva», «Rodina», «Ogonek» etc.). The article analyzes specifics of thematic discourse about travelers from Siberia in the Russian periodical press of the second half of XIX - early XX centuries. This discourse appeared on the pages of several magazines for mass reading and originally had several functions: educational (stories about the new, unknown areas and exotic peoples), didactic (fostering respect for the brave, hardy and resourceful travelers), identificational (forming the national and regional identity through comparison with the most prominent compatriots). As travels from Siberia became more and more commercialized this discourse correlated with other thematic discourses dealing with controlling function of periodical press, the nature of heroism and criteria of usefulness to the nation and society. This complex of publications includes travelogues describing fictional journeys and information reports, articles about traveling and the photographs taken by travelers. A lack of travelers’ essays and notes can be probably explained by their low literary socialization. Within this discourse the relevant images of the travelers and their journeys were constructed. In the late XIX century the following words-markers dominated: «brave», «courageous», «hardy», «strong». In the early ХХ century such definitions as «tourist», «athlete», «entrepreneur», «Herostratus» were added showing that the emotional perception of traveling changed from enthusiastic to neutral or critical.

The paper describes the situation in the Russian book business in France in the 1920s - 1930s. The emphasis is put on the problems faced by the Russian publishers and distributors working in Paris. In the early 1920s Paris was not a leading publishing center for the Russian emigrants. The main reason was that publishing Russian books was more expensive in France, than in other countries of Europe. The high rate of franc had a significant effect on the final price of books and made them inaccessible for most of the Russian emigrants. Although the Russian emigrant book center later moved to Paris, its production was overpriced while the printing quality was low. As a result, at the beginning of 1930s a question arose about what to do with the Russian émigré press. In fact, the situation with publishing Russian books in France had always been dramatic. Book publishing represented big financial risks, both for writers, and for publishers. In addition to high price and poor quality, it was also marked by insufficient publicity and lack of feedback from readers on the published books. As a result books were stocked in warehouses being unclaimed, although the timely reviews could have promoted their sale significantly. Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines were more successful in Paris. However, their editors, authors and owners typically faced the same financial problems. Nevertheless, periodicals were more popular among the Russian emigrants in France. The example of long existing editions showed that an appropriate editorial approach and low prices were the cornerstone of success. The history of Russian publishing activity shows that even under adverse financial conditions it was possible to keep the pre-revolutionary tradition of publishing Russian books and «fat» journals. In the 1930s Paris became an important center of Russian publishing business.

Since education is a fundamental social process, which we need to understand as ontological one, the author believes that the research of the ontological problems of language education can be conducted by means of philosophy of education in order to understand what geopolitical processes are reflected in the existing language education; what extent the language affects an adequate analysis of the processes taking place in society. The situation occurred in Ukraine is very indicative in this respect. The dominant ethnic group implements a function of socio-cultural violence in the territories conquered, namely in Donetsk and Luhansk self-proclaimed republics. While the example of the Republic of Belarus indicates that the constitutionally endorsed bilingualism in the post-soviet space allows to maintain a stable social situation in the country. Since in accordance with education as one of the most sustainable social institutions next generations are reproduced, therefore the type of education developed by a culture is essential to the formation and regeneration of civilization. Since the beginning of all education is the knowledge of the language, therefore the requirements for language education in modern conditions are defined. Consequently, the level of development of the society is in general higher or lower depending on how exactly the system of education including language education responds to public needs. Thus, it can be argued that intractable conflicts are ethno-linguistic confrontation in Ukraine. Views of residents of Ukraine about the future of their country depend on what part of the country they were born and what language is native for them. This once again confirms that the problems of language education are not only linguistic but first of all social problems.

The article reveals comparative analysis of higher education system in such Western countries as the UK and Germany. The paper focuses on the general and particular in models implementation, role of the government in foundation and development of higher educational space, possibilities for any kinds of people to get vocational education. Non-governmental sector of higher education adopts one of the key features; it is strong sustainability in difficult conditions of market economy and strong governmental control. Competitiveness of private institution depends on its position as a higher institution. Any private institution focuses on training competitive specialists of new (market) formation; it is its strong point which requires much costs. There are a lot of requirements to graduates; they are modern and up-to-date knowledge in the field of market economy, theory and practice of running business, ability to self-education and training, foreign language proficiency, ability to adapt quickly to changes in professional area and market. State institutions are restricted in possibilities in this respect due to bureaucratic way of management; inflexibility and strictness of curricula and limited range of specialties. It is private institutions which are able to carry out market mechanisms efficiently providing work of private institutions as they have great possibilities to invest money in research and scientific development. Private institutions are more active than state ones; they apply market opportunities and set prices for education and training; they are based on the factor of effective demand whereas state institutions are aimed at covering the costs. All mentioned above assures us, that private higher institutions have great outlooks and possibilities for working and development in higher education system.

The paper reveals the problem of paradigmatic shift in national pedagogics on the basis of classical and modern publications analysis; it considers transfer from classical (“Knowledge”) paradigm to competence building one. The competency building paradigm underlying modern modernization processes in the field of education is assessed as being contrary to the values and outlooks of development of both individual and culture in general. The analysis introduces the concept “phenomenon of childhood” as a method for evaluating educational paradigms and values of modern education. Educational system, especially preschool educational and secondary one, deals with children. The situation concerning children in the modern world is estimated as critical one in terms of understanding and assessment of childhood by adults, and problems of relationships between adults and children. The article makes conclusion about the necessity to understand the phenomenon of childhood as the foundation of educational system in Russia, especially due to the dominant position of general teaching stereotypes and approaches of autocratic pedagogy. Therefore, all the modernization processes in education and society are to be failed if there no paradigmatic changes in adults consciousness in respect to children. Socio-philosophic studying of childhood phenomenon is based on interdisciplinary approach and it is significant for founding new paradigms of modern teachers’ consciousness. The studying allows generalizing philosophic and pedagogic knowledge and other subjects in order to found new concept of childhood phenomenon which corresponds new comprehension of values and significance for modern society.

The paper is devoted to Structural shifts in mobility and certifies they demonstrate integration processes and developing competition of different countries for students at international education market. According to UNESCO outlook, the number of students studying abroad can reach 7 million people by 2025. In some countries, profit gained of educational export is so high that it makes the budget. However, the educational export of Russia cannot be considered as profitable one. The article reveals the place of Russian universities in the international educational space and analyzes situation in the Russian universities, which slows down the process of internationalization. Nowadays the number of international students trained in universities of Russia is about 2.5 %; this criterion doesn’t take into account students from the former Soviet Union countries. World university rankings have become an integral part of the global higher education system. High rank of university assumes contribution to country image and improvement of its positions according to other important criteria. The task regulated by the presidential decree includes entree of five Russian universities the top one hundred research universities by 2020 (in accordance with the main world ranking). Many Russian and international experts see this task as more than ambitious. While building an appropriate infrastructure which conforms to the international standards, universities face some problems that slow down international universities integration. Studying the situation of higher education modernization in Russia, researchers identify such problems as less funding in comparison with the leading universities of other countries, the language barrier and slow changes in academic culture of Russian universities. University community will experience significant transformations, which may take more time than it was planned before. Educational community and the government do not have clear guidelines and strategies to make Russian education popular abroad; the system of educational programs advancement and support of international students trained in Russian are very weak.

The article considers the subject-competence concept, reflecting the problem of professional and pedagogical training in three interpenetrating planes: the plane of the creative development of the individual student (individually-creative aspect), the plane of attitudes of prospective teachers to professional activity (motivational and valuable aspect) and the plane of the subject activity (reflective and innovative aspect), which determines the ability to examine the mechanism of updating the creative potential of prospective teachers through the operating and values. This assumes necessity of searching for ways to promote the best revealing of student creativity on the basis of his individuality. According to the authors, this assumes a qualitative rethinking of the nature of educational process at university aimed at creative experience, emotional and value attitude to the world, which is revealed in enhancing creative potential of the personality. The authors consider the scope of theatre activities to be one of the efficient conditions of educational process at University. Students’ stage is considered as a process pedagogically organized and regulated by the teacher; the process is based on the game "actor"-student, contributing to self-creative development of personality. The programme of studio-theatre ETS was developed and implemented in frames of enhancing self-development and self-realization of students. The programme was aimed at enhancing creative potential of the student personality in the scope of stage activities. The programme can be used and applied in higher education not only as a scope of creativity enhancement but as a mechanism of prospective teachers’ professional realization.

The publication is devoted to studying different forms of deviant behavior among students trained in higher institutions. The author adheres to the history of the problem. The paper demonstrates that deviation took place in all the societies in different eras; changes in deviant behavior occurred due to transformations within social systems and social relations. All mentioned above enhanced new views and values in society, especially in the youth. The author explains new social values and standards by means of social development factors. He analyzes the reasons of deviant behavior in modern students and its progress. The article considers deviant behavior to depend on satisfaction with material and moral needs; assessment of deviant behavior should be based on moral and law criteria. The author pays specific attention to educational environment which should prevent students from conflicts. The publication takes into account multidimensional nature of deviant behavior among all the social groups. But when we shift students of higher institutions into specific group we see deviant behavior depends on academic progress of the student. Due to this fact the paper focuses on motivation to studying. Personal social security is considered by means of consideration of threatens from social deviations and the role the person acquires as a way of protection from deviations. The author represents research results on this topic and explains prevention from deviant behavior of students on macro and microlevel.

The article considers the reasons of national educational tradition to remember and honor relationship as continuity of several family generations which is lost by many Russians nowadays. The tradition is revealed in genealogic culture of people, their respect, honor and admitting the microhistory of their family and its role in national history. The paper focuses on the fact that genealogic culture is the basis of moral education, civic consciousness and personal patriotism. Genealogical culture allows person not only to imagine and keep in mind life and culture of ancestors, their way of life, customs and traditions but identify himself with his ancestors. The publication explains why genealogical culture is becoming of great importance in Russia in context of building civil society. It is very significant for education and upbringing in family and cooperation between family and institutions. The paper demonstrates conditions of genealogical culture development in regional social institutes and public organizations. The article analyzes possibilities to enhance efficiency of state educational policy by means of applying regional family policy conceptions in the regions of Russia.