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Located in the north-west of the Murmansk Region, the sulphide Cu-Ni ore deposits were discovered in 1930s. Nowadays they provide approximately 8-10% of the nickel mining in Russia. The deposits are spatially associated with the serpentinite massifs, which have long been pertained to either the ophiolitic complex or basalt magma differentiates. The magma is regionally represented by the wide-spread fields of pillow lavas and gabbro-diabase sills. The ultramafic ferropicritic volcanics, which alternate in cross-section with lavas and basaltic tuffs, were discovered in 1970s. Initially the ore-bearing massifs were intrusions composed by peridotites (wehrlites), clinopyroxenites, and gabbro, which were tectonically metamorphosed during the Svecofennian tectonic genesis. Basing on petrological, geochemical, and isotopic research, scientists have proved that ferropicritic volcanics and ore-bearing intrusions are genetically bonded. The paper concerns the processes of differentiation of all the ferropicritic magma facies, i.e., intrusive (ore and ore-free intrusions), volcanogenic (massive and pillow lavas, stratified flows, sills), and dike ones (dike bodies, cross-cutting intrusions, and dike swarms in the Archean setting). Their relations, period and sequence of formation have been revealed. We also discuss the role that the processes of contamination and assimilation of the Archean basement rocks and hosting sulphide carbonaceous schists have played in sulphide ore formation.

The organic matter (OM) of the terrigenous coal-bearing strata of the Tunguska series (C₂-P) and the Khanar formation (C_2-3), as well as the Devonian carbonate rocks of the North Tunguska OGR, have experienced a complex geological history due to strong heating by traps. Because of this, the values of biomarker genetic parameters C₂₇/C₁₇ in n-alkanes, C₂₉/C₂₇ in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes decrease in a number of terrestrial bitumens, and the tricyclane index I_TC is likely to be altered by the migration effects of accumulation/dispersion of low-molecular compounds. The sterane maturity coefficient in most samples has undergone thermal inversion and is unsuitable for determining the level of catagenesis. Devonian samples as a whole probably contain marine OM (low δ¹³C; high HI in the insoluble residue and in kerogen, H/C_at in kerogen; in the diagram Pr/nC₁₇ – Ph/nC₁₈ are at the boundary or in the field of type II kerogen; low nC₂₇/nC₁₇ and C₂₉/C₂₇ are characteristic), although in the kerogen of the Manturovka formation (D₁), isotopic and pyrolytic characteristics are distorted, possibly due to high catagenesis. The coal-bearing strata contain terrestrial OM (low HI in kerogens; high nC₂₇/nC₁₇, C₂₉/C₂₇ in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes for the Khanar formation). The genetic characteristics of the saturated fractions of bitumen nC₂₇/nC₁₇, C₂₉/C₂₇ in steranes, hopanes/tricyclanes in several samples of the Upper Paleozoic are significantly distorted due to the catagenetic redistribution of compounds in favor of low-molecular compounds. According to the elemental composition of kerogen, half of the samples of the Khanar formation and the Tunguska series can be attributed to type III kerogen, and the other half to type IV, probably due to the high level of thermal transformation by the introductions of traps. In this regard, catagenesis for carbon–permian increases generally from the bottom up along the section from the MK₂ gradation to apocatagenesis (changes in R^o_vt, MPI-1 in the aromatic fraction of bitumen, H/C_at in kerogens and asphaltenes).

This article is devoted to the development and experimental validation of an active thermometry method for quantitatively assessing fluid flow rate in horizontal wells. Two approaches were studied experimentally using a physical well model under single-phase flow conditions: a calorimetric approach (based on the integral superheating of a homogenized flow) and a convective approach based on the dependence of the heated pipe wall temperature on the flow rate. It was established that the Richardson number (Ri) is a key criterion determining the heat transfer mechanism. At Ri > 1 (low flow rate regime), thermogravitational effects dominate, causing significant temperature stratification of the flow. It is shown that under such conditions, the calorimetric method is more reliable and allows for flow rate determination with high accuracy (deviation no more than 10%). At the same time, the limitations of the convective method, the interpretation of which in this study took into account only the forced component of heat transfer (the Dittus-Belter model), are identified: it is correct only for Ri < 0.1 (high flow rates). The work lays the methodological basis for further development of the method, the key areas of which are the complication of the convective model to take into account free (natural) convection and the adaptation of both approaches to the conditions of multiphase flows.

The political vectors of the eastern trend of Russia within the framework of Greater Eurasia are considered. The necessity and importance of its cartographic support has been proved. It is proposed to create the Atlas of Asian Russia (Siberia and the Far East) in digital and printed versions in 2024-2029 by the institutions of the eastern branches of RAS and universities. The atlas will be created on the model of academic atlases created and released by the V.B. Sochava Institute of Geography in recent decades. Developed content, structure, technical conditions of preparation of the Atlas. The atlas will consist of two volumes - «Archaeology, history, natural and cultural heritage» and «Nature, society, economy, ecological environment», from territorial blocks of different spatial level of cartography and modules, separated by thematic content. There are three two-year stages in the creation of the Atlas.

The article presents the experience of creating an atlas information system (AIS) that provides the collection, storage, processing of geodata and automated compilation of thematic maps according to user requests. The territory of Asian Russia, which is actively being developed and dynamically integrating into the Asia-Pacific region, was chosen as the object of cartographic research. AIS is intended to be a scientific reference system, subcontinental in territorial scope, and socio-economic in content. The information, technological and organizational structures of an AIS consisting of a database based on the ArcGIS software environment and four subsystems are described: an access subsystem; a geodata formalization subsystem; a subsystem of cartographic queries and a subsystem of cartographic reports. The information content of AIS is based on the materials of the state statistics. The technological basis is a server, a workstation with licensed ArcGIS software and cartographic workstations connected by a corporate network of BINM SB RAS. The access subsystem provides regulated access to cartographic resources and management tools in accordance with rights based on the system of classification and coding of mapping objects. The geodata formalization subsystem is designed to collect cartographic materials, evaluate their quality and content, vectorize and catalog the created information resources. The subsystem of requests for cartographic resources allows the formation of requests that meet the specified topological criteria and qualitative and quantitative conditions. The subsystem of cartographic reports provides compilation and interactive editing of thematic maps for various purposes and the required scale, as well as creation of any graphic materials and preparation of cartographic reports and presentations. For a comprehensive representation of the territory, a system of territorial and administrative mapping levels has been developed: the state level (:10 000 000-1:20 000 000); the district level (1:5 000 000-1:10 000 000); the subjective level (1:1 000 000-1:5 000 000); the administrative level (:500 000-1:1 000 000). A system of socio-economic indicators has been formed to map the socio-economic dynamics of Asian Russia, a methodology for mapping socio-economic processes based on a statistical data warehouse has been developed, and an example of compiling a thematic map is presented.

Atlas is a system of geographical maps, organically linked and complementary to each other. Previously, the atlas was printed in traditional paper format, limited to a limited number of copies and distributed through a certain network of subscribers. It is shown that with the development of information technology, there is a possibility to present an atlas in the form of a web-application of the Internet. Several advantages of web-access to the atlas are considered: a larger number of users, dynamic map display, constant updating of data, regular addition of new maps and so on. Implementation of computing services in the atlas allows users to carry out operational analysis of data, to display information in different temporal or spatial slices etc. which greatly expands the range of tasks for which an atlas can be useful. The method of composition of services has been developed, which allows to create maps. The methodology forms compositions of services based on statistics of use of services by users, metadata of services and ontologies. It was concluded that the application of the methodology can greatly simplify the creation of new maps and allow to create cartographic works according to user requests. It is also shown that the developed methodology allows atlas users to rapidly apply analysis techniques to atlas data, create new maps and provide software access to data based on standards using a single directory system and search data based on their metadata descriptions, allows users to apply various tools in the form of services for operational data processing, display of information in different time or space positions, i.e. expands the possibilities of using atlas for a wide range of tasks.

Prediction of vegetation fire occurrence, development and effects is impossible without maps containing pyrological characteristics of vegetation fuels (VF). The forest fire maps created in Russia during forest inventory management reflect the fire hazard of forest areas only in a rough integrated form and are intended for fire prevention arrangement of territories, and not for the purpose of fire behavior prediction. Analysis of the international VF mapping experience has shown that it is difficult to borrow it due to historically established approaches to the pyrological classification of vegetation in different countries. In Russia, the VF classification, which made it possible to create multi-scale VF maps, was developed at the V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the basis of many years of fundamental pyrological research. Examples of information databases have been created for making large-scale VF maps for the Chunsky Forest Office in the Krasnoyarsk Angara region and nature reserves: “Stolby” (now a national park), Sayano-Shushensky, Kuznetsky Alatau, Ubsunur basin. Software programs have been developed and registered for predicting fire occurrence, development and immediate effects based on VF maps, which makes it possible to prevent fires, and when they occur, to make optimal plans for their control and suppression, taking into account their possible development from surface to crown or ground fires, as well as to assess the possible tree mortality in stands of different tree species. The article provides an example of a VF map for the Sayano-Shushensky Nature Reserve, made in a GIS system using forest inventory data.

Achieving of long-term economic development is impossible without relying on high-tech business (HTB). It is high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies that contribute to the emergence and implementation of technological changes in the economy, which determine the transition to a higher level of development. The HTB companies’ development is the subject of numerous studies, with the regional level of analysis being particularly emphasized. Existing studies of Russian HTB show significant differentiation in regional development, they also identify characteristics of the regional environment that provide favorable conditions for the activities of high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies. The spatial distribution of Russian high-tech and knowledge-intensive companies is extremely uneven. The most successful companies are located in a limited number of regions, while there are differences between the European and Asian parts of Russia. Given the importance of the geographical level of the analysis, this article is aimed at substantiating the need to single out the geographical distribution of HTB as an independent subject of analysis. This paper presents a generalization of existing approaches to the analysis of the development of Russian HTB at the regional level, which reveals how the spatial factor is taken into account in the study of Russian practice. It is shown that despite the regional aspect of the analysis, the region is often considered as a combination of certain economic conditions, and not as a geographical unit. Thus, especially taking into account the great geographical diversity of Russian regions, there is a need for additional analysis of the inequality of regional development of HTB in terms of the geographical distribution of high-tech and knowledge-intensive activities. At the same time, the need to single out the regions of Asian Russia as a separate object of analysis is emphasized, since the trends in the development of HTB in this territory have their own distinctive features.

The article examines the evolution of scientific cartography in Russia and the mapping of Siberia and the Far East by academic and government expeditions of the XVIII - first half of the XIX century as relevant processes. Materials from the scientific heritage of the expeditions are analyzed from modern theoretical and methodological positions and the historical dynamics of cartography in Russia is traced. It is revealed that the form and content of cartographic works of the participants of the Russian expeditions of the first half of the XVIII century (D.G. Messerschmidt, the First and Second Kamchatka, etc.) indicate the formation of cartography as a science, its further evolution is associated with the results of the expeditions of the 1760s-1790s, and a new stage in the development of cartography is marked by the scientific works of G.A. Sarychev, I.F. Krusenstern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, F.P. Wrangell, F.P. Litke and other travelers of the first half of the XIX century.

The article examines the history of missionary development in Siberia and the Russian Far East from the late 16th to the early 20th centuries. Orthodox missionary activity of ascetics and saints significantly influenced the structuring of the entire space of Russia, contributed to the emergence of new areas, development centers and transport axes. In the developed areas, a symbiosis of religion and economy arose, reflected in the unique features of the sacred cultural landscape. A map of Orthodox missionary work in Siberia and the Russian Far East, as well as in adjacent foreign territories (China, Japan, Mongolia, Korea, etc.) has been compiled. The map shows the centers of missionary distribution in different time periods, educational institutions with missionary programs, places of activity of the most famous missionaries, as well as spiritual missions (Altai, Kyrgyz, Daurian, Kamchatka, Mongolian, Beijing, Korean, Japanese, Kodiak).