V.S. Zykin1,2, V.S. Zykina1, R.N. Kurbanov3,4, A.O. Volvakh1, N.E. Volvakh1, E.L. Malikova1 1 V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Sibirian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
3Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
4Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow, Russia
The article examines the structure, composition, and textural features of the griva unit of the Volchia Griva section and the paragenetically associated relief. Additional data on the aeolian origin of the griva unit and griva relief have been obtained. OSL and ICS dating of the Volchya Griva section allowed us to attribute the formation time of the Griva unit to the epoch of the last glaciation and to correlated it with MIS 2 in its entire volume. It has been confirmed that the formation of aeolian relief and the activation of aeolian processes occurred during the cold glacial periods of the late Pleistocene with the predominance of southwesterly winds. The established textural features of the griva unit section are similar in textural and structural characteristics to the niveo-aeolian sands of the Upper Pleistocene, which were formed in cold, periglacial, arid regions of the world and distributed along the southern edge of the ice sheets of the last glaciation from Northwestern Europe to Western Siberia and Alaska. The formation of a deflationary truncation and of a mega-yardangs system in the northern part of the Lake Chany basin indicates a significant activation of aeolian processes at the boundary between the formation of the lower and upper horizons of the griva unit. The orientation of the griva relief, coinciding with the prevailing direction of modern winds, indicates the same direction of winds during the cold and warm epochs of the Quaternary in the south of Western Siberia. The completeness of the structure of the Volchya Griva section, corresponding to the epoch of the last glaciation and MIS 2, the confinement to this section of the largest in Eurasia location of the remains of the mammoth fauna, distinct lithological characteristics, a fairly high degree of its study allow us to consider this section as one of the typical for the Upper Pleistocene of Siberia and to consider it as a stratotype of the griva unit, widespread in this territory, which should be distinguished into an independent Baraba horizon (suite) for the south of Western Siberia, including the Eltsovka and Bagan loesses and the Suma soil separating them
T. G. Shumilova1, S. I. Isaenko1, V. N. Bocharov2, V. V. Ulyashev1, S. A. Svetov3, D. A. Mandrygina4, A. A. Zubov1, N. S. Kovalchuck1, N. I. Maksimenko1, V. P. Lutoev1, V. K. Kis5
1 N.P. Yushkin Institute of Geology Komi SC, UB RAS, Syktyvkar, Russia
2St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
3 Institute of Geology of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
4 A.N. Zavaritsky Institute of Geology and Geochemistry, UB RAS, Eekaterinburg, Russia
5 HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
Keywords: karite, diamond, meteorite craters, impact metamorphism, fossils.
In the paper, the detail features of karite – the diamond (diamond-containing) fossils of the Kara meteorite crater formed after organic matter, generally after wood fragments, studied by a wide list of modern analytical methods are presented, including structural data at atomic resolution level, chemical composition and spectroscopic characteristics. The diagnostic features, formation mechanism and ontogenic specificity are analyzed. As a result of a detailed study of the ontogenetic specificity, structural and chemical composition of the diamond fossils a fundamental difference in the mechanism of formation from typical paramorphoses and pseudomorphoses has been established, there they have been classified as pseudo-paramorphoses. Taking into account special conditions for the described aggregates of diamond and other forms of carbon formation from organic matter by impact, it is proposed to differ a special variety of fossils – impact fossils. The prospects for using of the diamond fossils for geological studies and application in carbon materials field are estimated.
A.V. Drakon, A.V. Eremin, R.N. Kolotushkin, A.A. Timoshenko, E.S. Khodyko
Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: black carbon aerosol, organic aerosol, combustion, mass spectrometry, soot formation, benzene
Emissions of carbon compounds formed during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels change the thermal balance of the atmosphere, which leads to global warming. Reliable methods for diagnosing and monitoring emissions are necessary to control and assess the content of carbon compounds in the atmosphere. The paper presents a methodology for studying the formation of organic and black carbon aerosol. A flat ethylene/air laminar flame was used as a reactor in various experimental modes. An experimental setup was developed and used to analyze flame gas components by quadrupole mass spectrometry. The signal intensities were compared depending on the mass-to-charge ratio in the range 0-100. It has been shown that kinetic simulation and experimental results are qualitatively consistent when describing such components as H2O, O2, and CO2. It has also been shown that an increase in the equivalence ratio increases the concentrations of compounds associated with the formation of organic and black carbon aerosols. The results can be used to develop diagnostic and monitoring methods for organic and soot aerosols in the ambient air by tracking concentrations of signature compounds.
A.A. Tronin1, M.P. Vasiliev1, G.M. Nerobelov1,2,3 1St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety at the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 2Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia 3Russian State Hydrometeorological University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, satellite and ground-based monitoring, Moscow, St. Petersburg
Nitrogen and sulfur dioxides belong to the priority pollutants of atmospheric air and belong to substances of the 3rd class of hazard. The joint influence of sulfur dioxide and dioxide nitrogen on air quality is extremely negative. Monitoring their content in atmospheric air is an important environmental task. Joint analysis and comparison of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere of Moscow and St. Petersburg on the basis of ground-based measurements, as well as tropospheric content of these aerotoxicants based on satellite data are performed. Satellite data (the OMI spectrometer from the Aura satellite) cover the period from 2005 to 2023, and ground data are collected for the period 2002-2023. The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide slowly decrease in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg both in satellite and ground-based data. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide are significantly reduced according to ground-based measurements in Moscow and Sant-Petersburg. Satellite observations show relatively constant concentrations in St. Petersburg and their growth in Moscow. The hypothesis which explains the divergence of ground-based and satellite data on the content of sulfur dioxide is suggested. The results can be used in the practical work of environmental authorities in Moscow and St. Petersburg.
O.Yu. Antokhina1,2, P.N. Antokhin1, O.S. Zorkal’tseva2, A.V. Gochakov3, M.F. Artamonov2, S.M. Bobrovnikov1, V.I. Zharkov1 1V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia 2Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: stratosphere, troposphere, polar vortex, sudden stratospheric warming, wave propagation, temperature anomaly, polar stratospheric clouds
Winter 2024/2025 was characterized by anomalous stability of the stratospheric polar vortex (SPV), resulting from a combination of weak propagation of wave activity from the troposphere and strong zonal winds that created a barrier to vertical wave transport. Lidar measurements near Tomsk in February showed record-low temperatures (-85 °C) at altitudes of 15-20 km and the formation of polar stratospheric clouds, confirming the uniqueness of stratospheric conditions. In November-January, weak Rossby wave breaking processes and predominant zonal circulation over Eurasia were observed, while the final weakening of the SPV in early March was accompanied by a sharp restructuring of stratospheric circulation. These results are important for understanding the mechanisms of SPV stability and their influence on atmospheric dynamics.
K.N. Pustovalov1,2, P.V. Nagorskiy1, M.V. Oglezneva1, S.V. Smirnov1,2 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems (IMCES) SB RAS, Tomsk, Russia 2National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: clouds, atmospheric electricity, electric field potential gradient, ultraviolet radiation
Atmospheric electricity is the totality of electrical phenomena occurring in the atmosphere, including clouds and precipitation, and forming the global electrical circuit. Studying the functioning of this circuit, particularly the factors that determine its local variability, is a pressing and important scientific problem, especially in the context of the current climate change. Based on atmospheric electrical, spectrophotometric, and meteorological observations Tomsk from 2006 to 2020, we analize the variability of the main characteristic of atmospheric electricity, that is, the surface electric field potential gradient and the spectral transmittance of long-wave UV radiation by clouds depending on their form. The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between variations in the potential gradient and the transmittance of radiation at a wavelength of 380 nm for almost all main cloud forms. The new statistical data complement existing understanding of the interaction of atmospheric-electrical and actinometric characteristics and can be used to improve the models of global electric circuit and atmosphere, among other things, for numerical weather prediction and climate change modeling.
V.A. Gladkikh, A.P. Kamardin, I.V. Nevzorova, S.L. Odintsov, V.A. Fedorov
V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
Keywords: atmosphere, outer turbulence scale, surface air layer, wind speed, air temperature
The outer scales of temperature and wind turbulence in the surface air layer are estimated based on experimental data. Statistics of the outer scales is provided for winter and summer periods at different time of the day at altitudes of 5 and 10 m. The correlations between the scales and temperature and wind velocity stratification in the surface air layer are analyzed. It is found that the temperature stratification has the strongest effect on the outer turbulence scales, and the scales increase with the measurement altitude. The results can be useful for studies of thermodynamic processes in the atmospheric boundary layer and the influence of turbulence on optical wave propagation.
M.Yu. Shikhovtsev1,2, A.Yu. Shikhovtsev1, A.A. Lezhenin3, V.S. Gradov3, V.B. Khaikin4, K.E. Kirichenko1, P.G. Kovadlo1 1Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 2Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Irkutsk, Russia 3Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 4Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Russia
Keywords: precipitable water vapor, millimeter telescope, WRF, Sayan Solar Observatory, Hulugaisha peak
Precipitated water vapor (PWV) is the main gas that causes atmospheric opacity in millimeter and submillimeter wavelength ranges. This study uses the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to effectively estimate PWV levels in order to determine the conditions at existing observatory sites and identify potential locations for a new large millimeter telescope. The results show that the WRF model successfully reproduces the spatio-temporal variability of PWV, identifying areas with minimal moisture content, which can be used for planning telescope observations.
Studies of the content of radioactive gases in the atmosphere are important for assessing their danger to public health and as an auxiliary characteristic of gas exchange between soil and atmosphere. There are very few measurements of radon and thoron concentrations in Russia. Therefore, this paper summarizes the results of their monitoring in the background region near Tomsk over 2020-2024. It has been shown that annual average radon concentrations are in the range 10.7-14.3 Bq/m3; the annual average maximal values can reach 81 Bq/m3. Thoron is characterized by a weaker variability of the average content (8.9-11.8 Bq/m3) and a lower maximal concentration (65 Bq/m3). It is found that radon has a well-defined daily cycle, while thoron does not. There are also significant differences in the annual variations in the concentrations of these gases. Although the main maxima of their concentrations are recorded in July, 222Rn has a secondary maximum in the cold season. A slow increase in the concentrations of both radon and thoron from 2020 to 2024 was found. The content of 222Rn increases at a rate of 0.5 Bq/m3 per year, and of 220Rn, with a rate of 0.2 Bq/m3 per year. The concentration of 222Rn is higher than 220Rn on daily, annual, and long-term scales. The data presented in this paper will be useful in choosing the range and uncertainty of new devices or protection against radiation and assessment of the probability of occurrence of a particular phenomenon.
On January 21, 2026, Valeria Aleksandrovna Sapozhnikova, one of the longest-serving employees of the V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS and an active contributor to the journal "Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics," passed away.
