The characteristics of callus formation of Pinus sibirica trees under use for work on seed plantation were studied. The results obtained in the investigation allowed us to divide the P. sibirica samples under investigation into two groups. In the I group, callus was formed both on bud and on needles, while in the II group it was formed mainly on buds. Callus obtained from the trees of the I group were characterized by higher growth rate. Necrotic regions on callus in the I group appeared after cultivation for six months as a mean, while in the II group they appeared after four months. Total viability of callus in the studied genotypes is correlated with the ability of callus formation on two types of explants (buds and needles). It is concluded that callusogenesis characteristics may be used to differentiate the genotypes of P. sibirica.
The number and activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria, the amount of sulphides and sulphates in the bottom sediments of lake Baikal are presented. The number of sulphate-reducing bacteria ranged from 100 to 15000 cells per 1g of wet sediment, the rate of sulphate reduction - from 0.1 to 3.4 mkg S x kg-1.24-1, the amount of sulphides - from 0 to 44.7 mg S per 1 kg. The research results demonstrate that anthropogenic pollution of water causes an increase in the activity of sulphate-reducing bacteria and degradation of water quality of Baikal lake.
More than 100 thermophilic strains of microorganisms were selected. The generation of lipase and cellulase enzymes was investigated in dynamics for 28 most active strains. Fermentation of model mixtures of solid domestic wastes was carried out using the most active strains. A decrease in C/N was observed in the model substrates of SDW during fermentation. It was revealed in estimation of the toxicity of mixtures and their water extracts that the toxicity of all the tested mixtures for red California worms decreased after fermentation in al the tested mixtures. The results obtained can be used to develop the technology of solid-phase fermentation of solid domestic wastes.
It is established that solid-phase fermentation of the hydrolysis lignin with the participation of microorganisms results at first in the accumulation of low-molecular compounds soluble in dioxan, and then simple water-soluble aromatic compounds. It is revealed that the destruction of lignin occurs under the action of ligninolytic fungi due to the cleavage of the benzene ring, C—O—C and C—C bonds, which causes functionalization of the remaining lignin and the formation of low-molecular compounds: oxy- and dicarboxylic, phenolic and fatty acids, which are not toxic for plant growth. It is shown that the decomposition of the hydrolysis lignin proceeds consecutively and more efficiently under the action of microbial association than with the participation of one of the most active ligninolytic cultures. An artificial association is considered as a consortium and the basis for compost starter.
New experimental data on the analysis of hereditary indices of productivity and adaptively important characteristics of the varieties and hybrids of flax of different qualities, grown under different soil-climatic conditions in order to reveal the scope of variability, are reported. The analysis of biologically valuable characteristics of the varieties and the obtained hybrids is carried out; their technical indices of productivity are estimated. The differences in productivity indices between the parent varieties and the hybrids are shown with respect to the vegetation site.
The Data on the Island Habitats of Siberian Spruce (Picea obovata) are presented for the Territory of the Bolshaya Zemlya Tundra (the basins of the Ortina and the More-Yu rivers) and the Malaya Zemlya Tundra (the basin of the Neruta river), which exist during the last 3500-4000 years under isolation from the main habitat. The genetic uniformity of the morphologically solitary spruce groups in relic islands is shown. These groups are cloning. It is shown using polymorphous peroxidase locus that lengthy isolation of spruce caused a decrease in heterozygosity in the tundra populations situated in the basins of the Neruta and Ortina rivers, in comparison with the forest-tundra population in the Basin of Kharayakha River, which has not lost a connection with the main spruce habitat. However, heterozyigosity level calculated using three polymorphous PER locuses for the tundra island of More-Yu turned out to be the same as that in the forest-tundra population. The tundra population of More-Yu also exhibited closer similarity with the forest-tundra population of the Kharayakha with respect to the Zhivotovsky phenetic similarity index calculated on the basis of EF spectra of superoxide dismutase, esterases and peroxidases.
The comparative study of four native populations of Elymus sibiricus L., maize (Zea maiz L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mitochondrial proteins was performed by one-dimensional SDS-PAAG electrophoresis. The spectra of the mitochondrial proteins in the studied populations of E. sibiricus were found to be almost identical to each other but differ from that of maize by the presence of additional polypeptides. Some differences in the polypeptide composition of E. sibiricus and wheat were detected.
Propagation by seeds and vegetative reproduction of the SPECIES OF Allium L. genus were studied under different habitation conditions in Siberia, Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. Potential and real seed productivities of the individuals of 40 species were determined. It was shown that these values depend on plant species, ontogenetic state and habitation conditions. The association of the way of propagation and type of ontogenesis was established. Types of self-preservation of the coe-nopopulations of the species studied are described.
Growth of the leaves of the main shoot and tillering features of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. in the first year of life cycle when introduced in Novosibirsk region (forest
The results of introduction of ornamental annual plants in the Central Siberian Botanical Garden are summed up; 209 species of 43 families were tested, among which the representatives of Asteraceae, Scrophulariaceae and Lamiaceae are predominant. The introduction potential of the tested species is determined by their origin, ecological features, ability to bearing and life cycle termination under new conditions, stability to frost. In accordance with ecological-biological characteristics of the annuals, five groups of them were established. Introduction of the species from moderate areas of Europe and Asia, as well as North America and Mediterranean coast is revealed to be promising. The major part of annuals originating from Central America and South Africa can be cultivated in West Siberia only with the seedling agrotechnics.
