The article is a critical analysis of minimalist interpretations of the notion of moral obligation. The author considers various arguments for minimal morality as well as major attempts to expand the notion of moral obligation by reconsidering the status of general and positive obligations. Special attention is paid to the notion of
The article provides the results of the analysis of the life, work and the social and psychological state of regional research communities. The study is based on sociological polls conducted in a number of Siberian regions. An important part of this analysis is an assessment of structural transformations of academic and university units at the local level, the degree of adaptation of scientists, and the state of reproductive mechanisms of science.
The article offers the results of social and philosophic analysis of the choice to become a scientist in present-day Russia. The main social determinants are considered to be interrelations of three factors: the value orientation of the person, interest in a certain type of activity on the part of the society and the state. The empirical foundation is provided by the results of the sociological studies of the research community of the Novosibirsk Academic town conducted in 2000 and 2003.
The author considers topical problems mainly related to the legal outlook and the character of present-day Russian reality. The analysis concerns the role and place of the world outlook in the formation of the legal system of the society. Special emphasis is given to the correlation of rational and irrational forms of the legal outlook.
Legal service and legal assistance are notions that express legal phenomena which differ in the content and subject of their realization. They exist in juridical relations which are different due to the differences between juridical branches.
The author analyses legal and economic aspects of the concept of property in relation to natural resources. It is shown that the interpretation of this concept in jurisprudence loses sight of the very sources of income, including natural rent. However, by its very essence, the latter is a public good belonging, on equal terms, to all members of society. The author underlines the importance of the transition to the rent principle of taxation which should be complemented by the principle of common property of the citizens of Russia to natural resources (property of the whole people). It is proposed to single out common joint ownership and common share (civil) types of property. This should allow making optimal use of natural rent which would be used for Russia
Molecular-ecological aspects of investigation and monitoring of transgenic microorganisms under their purposeful or accidental introduction into environment are discussed. Special attention is paid to the problems connected with the attachment of recombinant plasmids in the link of aboriginal microorganisms. The problem concerning the possibility to attach natural plasmids in the cells of transgenic microorganisms is also discussed. A methodological approach, which includes microbiological, genetic and molecular aspects, is proposed for experimental estimations of the potential risk of the spreading of recombinant plasmids and transgenic microorganisms in natural ecosystems.
