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The article analyses the possibility of direct influence of the doctrine of freedom of human acts and Aristotelian doctrine of the Nous on Plotinus

Being in the Iranian tradition consists of two parts, it includes the physical plane and the spiritual plane, with the physical plane including non-being in its own structure. The place of man in this scheme is precisely fixed. The structure of being is revealed, with the possibility of revealing the forms of being-space, emptiness, movement, immovability, time, matter.
The deepest and most comprehensive ontological views in the Iranian written tradition come to light in relatively late texts (XII-XIV centuries AD). The ontological problems are present in the texts of a polemic and missionary character whose primary function was the resolution of disputes and conflicts, both with adherents of other religious doctrines and the doctrines within the Iranian tradition.

The focus of the paper is the scope of moral obligation. The author questions the legitimacy of the traditional distinction between the duties of justice and duties of charity and considers various ways of weakening the burden of a morally concerned individual. He suggests that  the limits of moral obligation are closely related to the justice of social institutions. The two subjects of justice-a moral individual and a social institution-are closely interrelated and the search for an optimal balance between personal interest and the requirements of impartiality is a common theme both for political and moral philosophy.

Among the key factors determining the future development of science and education and their integration are preferences and orientations of college graduates. The focus of the current research is the state of higher education in the Novosibirsk research center and the values of the student community. These values are a mechanism of reproduction of the professional research community. The paper examines the attitude of students towards science which generally coincides with the views prevalent in mass consciousness. It also analyses the external conditions and personality traits required for a successful research career, emigration intentions of the graduates, and ways of attracting young people to science. The analysis of the near-term plans of the respondents shows that it is unrealistic to expect an influx of young people into science.

Modern civil legal proceedings have reached the limits of their development. They are characterized by a crisis which shows itself in the inability of the judicial system to execute the social function declared by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. This circumstance dictates the necessity of the transformation of legal proceedings into a new organizational and legal form.

The subjective right and legitimate interest are fundamental and interacting categories of the same logical order. They are characterized by their distinctive content. In the process of realization of the subjective right both the permitted behavior of a legally authorized person and the proper behavior of an obligated person are important, whereas a legitimate interest can be realized without the corresponding legal obligations of other persons.

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A review of scientific and patent literature reflecting the newest methods of benzene nitration on solid catalysts for the purpose of obtaining nitrobenzene. The published research results are analysed from the viewpoint of possibility of using them for development of a new technology for obtaining nitrobenzene on the basis of heterogeneous catalytic nitration of benzene.

Structures of more than 230 natural halogenated (chlorine-, bromine- and iodine-containing) alkaloids isolated from cyanobacteria, plants, fungi, sea algae and invertebrates, and data on their biological activity are presented.

Changes in thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of catalytic processes under mechanochemical activation of catalysts (mechanochemical catalysis) are considered. It is shown that the activity of catalysts should increase under the mechanochemical activation, while selectivity can vary depending on the relations between the changes in the target reaction and side processes. The considered phenomena are formulated as a new research area which is at the very beginning of its development.