N. P. KRUTKO1, O. N. OPANASENKO1 AND A. V. MININ2 1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Belarus, Ul. Surganova 9, Minsk 220072 (Belarus)
E-mail: krutko@igic.bas-net.by
2Belavtodor, Department of Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus, Ul. Kalvariyskaya 29, Minsk 220073 (Belarus)
Pages: 763-773
Colloid chemical properties of surface-active substances of different classes and bitumen are investigated, their interaction with the mineral material is studied. New materials and emulsion technologies for road coatings are proposed, which allow one to improve the quality and performance characteristics of roadway.
T. G. KUZNETSOVA1, V. A. SADYKOV1, V. A. MATYSHAK2, L. CH. BATUEV1 AND V. A. ROGOV1 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: tgkuzn@catalysis.ru
2Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 117977 (Russia)
Pages: 775-781
Soot oxidation reactions are investigated in the mixture O2 + helium and O2 + NO2 + helium in the presence of substituted perovskites based on lanthanum manganite and modified fluorites based on solid solution Ce-Zr-O, including those promoted with a small amount of platinum. It was shown that the efficiency of soot oxidation is higher in the mixture containing nitrogen dioxide. It was established that the presence of weakly bound surface oxygen is necessary to initiate soot oxidation, while the developed process of soot oxidation requires the mobility of lattice oxygen.
P. E. MATKOVSKIY1, G. P. STARTSEVA1, V. YA. CHURKINA1, S. M. ALDOSHIN1, V. N. TROITSKIY1, V. I. SAVCHENKO1, R. G. KHANNANOV2, M. A. DEMIDOV2, V. G. SHAMSUTDINOV2, G. I. ILYASOV2, R. S. YARULLIN3, J. MIKHAILOVICH4 AND K. IOTANOVICH4 1Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Semenova 1, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russia)
E-mail: pem@icp.ac.ru
2Tatneft-Nizhnekamskneftekhim-Oil JSC, P. O. Box 60, Nizhnekamsk 423574 (Russia)
3Tatneftekhiminvest-holding JSC, Ul. Ershova 29, Kazan¢ 420045 (Russia)
4NIS - Rafineriya Nefti Novi Sad, Put Sajkaskog odreda, 4, Novi Sad 21000 (Serbia)
Pages: 783-787
A new catalytic system for obtaining synthetic oligodecene oil for motor transport is developed. The system includes metal aluminium with particle size 4-40 mm, alkyl aluminium halide (in particular, (C2H5)1.5AlCl1.5), organic halogenated compound (in particular, tert-butyl chloride (CH3)3CCl). It was shown that the application of this system in combination with a tubular-slit reactor of oligomerization allows one to solve a set of the main problems connected with obtaining oligodecene oil. Thus obtained results were confirmed using pilot installations and were implemented in the project of the Nizhnekamsk plant of synthetic oil.
T. P. MINYUKOVA, I. SH. ITENBERG, M. P. DEMESHKINA, N. E. SHTERZER AND T. M. YURIEVA
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
The possibility of fine purification of hydrogen from CO by means of preferable hydrogenation of carbon(I) monoxide into methane till the residual CO content of 1000 ppm is investigated. In order to develop a compact device intended for hydrogen preparation for fuel elements, an efficient nickel-containing catalyst was proposed that provides the required purification degree (not more than 1000 ppm CO at the outlet), selectivity (not less than 70 % of methane is formed from CO) and the level of activity (contact time is not more than 6000 h-1).
A. A. OKHLOPKOVA1, P. N. PETROVA1, S. A. SLEPTSOVA2 AND O. V. GOGOLEVA1 1Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Avtodorozhnaya 20, Yakutsk 677007 (Russia)
E-mail: aitalina@inbox.ru
2Ammosov Yakutsk State University, Ul. Belinskogo 58, Yakutsk 677000 (Russia)
Pages: 793-799
The results of investigation aimed at the development of new wear-resistant polymeric composite materials for friction units on the basis of polytetrafluoroethylene and super-high molecular polyethylene modified by nanometer-sized inorganic compounds are reported. It is shown that their use in crystallizing polymers has a positive effect on the changes in material characteristics and helps one to intensify structural processes in polymers during crystallization.
Experimental work was carried out which allowed us to analyze the ways of solving the problems of simultaneous decrease in the consumption of conventional fuel, emission of toxic and greenhouse gases within a short time. It was shown that upgrading of internal combustion engines (ICE) operating with the conventional fuel makes it possible to meet the requirement 140 g/km CO2; the use of alternative kinds of fuel broadens the possibility to decrease CO2 emission and increase performance index; ICE performance with a thinned homogeneous mixture allows a substantial increase in performance index. Investigation of the operation process in ICE showed the possibility of its performance with a thin homogeneous mixtures; the performance index increases under the rated conditions from 23 to 32-34 % as a mean. It was established that power installations operating with hydrogen are able to provide zero CO2 emission. A concept of the transition to hydrogen as a fuel in the most efficient manner is formulated.
V. G. STEPANOV AND K. G. IONE
Zeosit, Scientific and Engineering Centre of the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Problems concerning the production of diesel fuel and motor petrol at small-scale installations intended for oil and gas condensate processing into motor fuel are considered. It is shown that for a large number of oil and gas condensate deposits the virgin diesel fractions correspond in their physicochemical characteristics to the requirements of standards for diesel fuel. In some cases, graded diesel fuel can be obtained by varying the fraction composition and/or using the corresponding additives. For the production of graded automobile petrol at small-scale installations, the most optimal process is Zeoforming, which is based on the use of a zeolite-containing catalyst. It is shown that varying the process conditions one may manufacture petrol of required grades (from AI-80 to AI-96, of summer and winter kinds) from low-octane hydrocarbon fractions of different origin without preliminary desulphurization or hydrofining and without any use of hydrogen-containing gas. In comparison with reforming, petrol obtained by Zeoforming Process is characterized by lower content of aromatic hydrocarbons, especially benzene.
V. F. TRETJAKOV, T. N. BURDEYNAYA, L. A. BEREZINA AND R. A. LYUBUSHKIN
Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Leninskiy 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
Comparative investigation of the activity of synthesized deposited Cu,Ñî/YxCeyZr1-x-yO2 and Au-, Pt-containing catalytic systems in the reaction of a low-temperature selective CO oxidation in hydrogen-containing gas mixtures had been conducted. It had also been demonstrated that these systems provide a high CO conversion level and selectivity with respect to Î2 in an interval of temperatures up to 150oC. It has been found that Au-containing catalyst is of the highest activity. The activity and selectivity of nanocrystalline Cu/YxCeyZr1-x-yO2 catalysts in the mentioned reaction is higher as compared to Pt-containing catalysts, and they are comparable with an Au containing sample in their selectivity. It had been demonstrated that the use of these catalysts makes it possible to reach the degree of hydrogen cleansing from CO to the level of about 15 ppm, which meets the for fuel cells requirements.
G. G. FURIN1, A. A. IL¢IN2, L. M. IVANOVA2, YU. L. BAKHMUTOV2 AND A. N. IL¢IN2 1Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: furin@nioch.nsc.ru
2Halogen JSC, Ul. Lasvinskaya 98, Perm 614113 (Russia)
A set of problems and directions of the accelerated application of fluorinated materials to solve a number of tasks in automobile industry is considered. The examples of the treatment of mechanical rubber goods with fluorinated reagents coating the surface of rubber parts with protective films that approach the characteristics of fluorinated polymers are shown. Due to these films, the used materials to not swell in petrol vapour, their wear resistance increases, friction coefficient decreases and becomes comparable with that of fluoroplastics, performance characteristics are conserved under irradiation with light. Examples of the use of acrylates modified with fluorine for corrosion-protective coatings on metal units of automobiles are given. New developments of fluorine-containing surface-active substances for use in nickel- and chromium-plating processes of metal parts, providing ecologically safe and pure conditions for the personnel of these works, are considered. The problems connected with the deposition of oil- and water-resistant coatings on glass are discussed. The efficiency of the treatment of cloth materials for car interior furnishing rendering nonflammable properties and making no flame under the action of open fire is demonstrates. New fluorine-containing lubricants for mechanisms are proposed that exceed those in use in performance characteristics. The technology of obtaining a new cleaning agent for the systems of cooling the car engine and carburetor is developed.
The effect of reinforcing the unsaturated polyester resin with wollastonite on primary physical-mechanical and performance characteristics of the hardened composite material is investigated.
