Volf M.N.
Keywords: history of early Greek philosophy, Heraclitus, problem of arche, antitheses, or apparent – unapparent, one-many, general-particular
Properties of and methods to obtain dimethyl ether (DME), a new power supply with the enhanced ecological properties, have been considered. With the use of advanced achievements (reforming of natural gas, based on the experience in creation of rocket technologies, direct synthesis of DME from synthesis gas), one might expect that dimethyl ether will appear competitive as compared to traditional combustibles. In the same manner as methanol, DME can be readily processed to high-grade petrol; however, unlike methanol synthesis, synthesis of DME is only slightly sensitive to the composition of synthesis gas (i.e. to the nature of raw material), which makes it possible to consider the processing diagram "carbon-containing raw material ® synthesis gas ® DME ® petrol" as a versatile scheme to yield synthetic engine fuels. Possible use of steam reforming of methanol to yield pure hydrogen for fuel cells has been discussed. Modern catalysts and decontamination methods are already capable to provide methanol processing to pure hydrogen with the productivity that is theoretically acceptable to arrange the appropriate devices onboard a vehicle. Macrokinetic regime of the reaction is of significant importance for a complete decontamination from CO during selective oxidation.
V. A. SADYKOV1, T. G. KUZNETSOVA1, R. V. BUNINA1, G. M. ALIKINA1, L. CH. BATUEV1, V. A. SOBYANIN1, V. A. KIRILLOV1, V. P. DORONIN2 , V. A. MATYSHAK3, A. YA. ROZOVSKII4, V. F. TRETJAKOV4, T. N. BURDEYNAYA4, V. V. LUNIN5 AND JU. ROSS6 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: sadykov@catalysis.nsk.su
2Institute of Hydrocarbons Processing, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Neftezavodskaya 54, Omsk 644040 (Russia)
3Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 117977 (Russia)
4Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
5Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, Moscow GSP-2, 119992 (Russia)
6University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland)
Pages: 713-724
Possible application of new technologies to remove nitrogen oxides from off-gases of diesel engines has been considered that is based on the use of steady-state and non-steady catalytic processes to reduce nitrogen oxides by diesel fuel or by the products of its selective conversion into synthesis gas or olefines in compact generators. It has been found that the use of synthesis gas, mixed with the main fuel for petrol or diesel engines, makes it possible to drastically abate emissions of hazardous components and to enhance the efficiency of the engines, in particular, when ultralean mixtures are used. A viability has been revealed to apply complex oxidic systems with high mobility of oxygen as catalysts of the oxidation processes for soot particles with nitrogen oxides involved that facilitate the removal of both types of noxious admixtures.
E. I. ANDREYKOV1, I. S. AMOSOVA1, N. A. GRINAVICH2 and O. N. CHUPAKHIN1 1Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Akademicheskaya/S. Kovalevskoy 20/22, Yekaterinburg 620219 (Russia)
Main regularities of thermal solvolysis of comminuted rubber in organic solvents and variations of its application to salvage waste tires have been considered. The advantages of the technology to process tires with the use of heavy petroleum residue as a solvent have been disclosed.
D. A. ARENDARSKIY, A. N. ZAGORUYKO AND B. S. BAL¢ZHINIMAEV
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Results of laboratory and pilot studies of glass-fibre catalysts for the processes to clear off-gases of diesel engines from emissions of noxious substances have been presented. It has been demonstrated that these catalysts provide a high oxidation degree for CO and hydrocarbons as well as reduction of nitrogen oxides in the off-gases of real diesel engines.
A. M. BOLSHAKOV1, L. D. BOLSHAKOVA1, YU. N. SHCHEGOLKOV2, N. A. MAKAROV3 and O. V. SERGEEVA1
1Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: bolsh@igic.ras.ru
2Central Research Geological Prospecting Institute of Non-Ferrous and Noble Metals (TsNIGRI), Varshavskoye Shosse 129b, Moscow 117545 (Russia)
3Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute (NAMI), Ul. Avtomotornaya 2, Moscow 125438 (Russia)
Pages: 737-742
It has been found that thermal decomposition of binary complexes of composition [Co(NH3)5Cl][M*Cl4] (M*= Pt è Pd) and [M(NH3)x][M*Cly] (M= Cu, Ni) that have been obtained for the first time can be used to produce binary catalysts with uniform distribution of active components. The procedure of the controlled formation of multipurpose zones on the surface of Pt-Ni/g-Al2O3 and Pd-Co/g-Al2O3 catalysts has been developed, which significantly increases their activity. As a consequence of the study into the conversion of gas mixture on these catalysts, the possibility for segregative interaction of NO and CO has been found. It has been demonstrated that a non-additive increase in catalytic activity of binary catalysts is caused by oxygen depassivation of Pt and Pd centres owing to spillover of oxygen that is formed during NO decomposition. The mechanism of the spillover of oxygen has been suggested, the sense of which consists in the realization of a new reaction path of slightly bonded states of adsorbates.
T. N. BURDEYNAYA1, V. F. TRETJAKOV1, V. A. MATYSHAK2, yu. P. ZAKORCHEVNAYA1, A. G. ZAKIROVA1, M. N. BAKHTIYAROV1 and V. N. KORCHAK2 1Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: tretjakov@ips.ac.ru
2Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 117334 (Russia)
Pages: 743-749
Formulations of original catalytic compositions have been developed to clear gas emissions of highway transport on the basis of catalysts that are free of precious metals: NTK-10-1, STK, and Ni-Cr oxidic catalyst, the use of which was not made in these processes previously. High activity of the developed catalytic compositions is caused by the effect of synergism that has been discovered and studied for the first time with mechanical mixtures of commercial catalysts. The investigation of the mechanism of the reaction of selective NOx reduction by propane over individual industrial catalysts has demonstrated that the effect of synergism that can be observed with their binary mechanical mixtures is caused by oxidizing activation of propane that proceeds on the surface of STK and Ni-Cr oxidic catalysts with the formation of more efficient reducing agents, namely, propylene and hydrogen respectively. Owing to the interphase diffusion, the last-mentioned fall on the surface of the NTK-10-1 catalyst through the gas phase, and the catalyst activates NOx.
U. F. ZAVJALOVA1, V. F. TRETJAKOV1, T. N. BURDEYNAYA1 AND P. G. TSYRULNIKOV2 1Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: zavjalova@ips.ac.ru
2Institute of Hydrocarbons Processing, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Neftezàvodskàya 54, Omsk 644040 (Russia)
Pages: 751-754
A novel synthetic approach had been worked out for block catalysts of compositions 0.1%Pd-2.9%CuO/g-Al2O3 and 0.1%Pd-2.9%CuCo2O4/g-Al2O3. Their catalytic properties had been investigated in neutralization reactions of toxic components of exhaust gases, i.e. CO oxidation, deep oxidation of hydrocarbons and NOx reduction by propane. It has been demonstrated that, due to higher specific surface area and dispersion of active components synthesized by burning method, the activity of these catalysts is significantly higher as compared to the samples yielded by a standard methods.
v. n. kornopoltsev, n. v. kornopoltsev, d. m. mognonov and i. A. fArion
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sakhyanovoy 6, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
The creation principle and tribotechnical tests of a sheet metal-fluoroplastic material on a steel substrate are featured in the work. An optimal composition of its working layer and the procedure for doping the surface of an inversed steel pair have been selected. Tests have demonstrated that the developed material can outperform domestic commercial analogues. For instance, when the composition of new material layer is: 20_25vol. % copper alloys, 50_55%vol. % F-4 and vol. % Pb, pV factorfor 1000 h continuous operation under dry friction conditions in contact with diffusion-borated steel 45 (admissible wear 200 mm) is as great as 2 MPa×1 m/s.
