V. G. STEPANOV AND K. G. IONE
Zeosit, Scientific and Engineering Centre of the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
Problems concerning the production of diesel fuel and motor petrol at small-scale installations intended for oil and gas condensate processing into motor fuel are considered. It is shown that for a large number of oil and gas condensate deposits the virgin diesel fractions correspond in their physicochemical characteristics to the requirements of standards for diesel fuel. In some cases, graded diesel fuel can be obtained by varying the fraction composition and/or using the corresponding additives. For the production of graded automobile petrol at small-scale installations, the most optimal process is Zeoforming, which is based on the use of a zeolite-containing catalyst. It is shown that varying the process conditions one may manufacture petrol of required grades (from AI-80 to AI-96, of summer and winter kinds) from low-octane hydrocarbon fractions of different origin without preliminary desulphurization or hydrofining and without any use of hydrogen-containing gas. In comparison with reforming, petrol obtained by Zeoforming Process is characterized by lower content of aromatic hydrocarbons, especially benzene.
V. F. TRETJAKOV, T. N. BURDEYNAYA, L. A. BEREZINA AND R. A. LYUBUSHKIN
Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Leninskiy 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
Comparative investigation of the activity of synthesized deposited Cu,Ñî/YxCeyZr1-x-yO2 and Au-, Pt-containing catalytic systems in the reaction of a low-temperature selective CO oxidation in hydrogen-containing gas mixtures had been conducted. It had also been demonstrated that these systems provide a high CO conversion level and selectivity with respect to Î2 in an interval of temperatures up to 150oC. It has been found that Au-containing catalyst is of the highest activity. The activity and selectivity of nanocrystalline Cu/YxCeyZr1-x-yO2 catalysts in the mentioned reaction is higher as compared to Pt-containing catalysts, and they are comparable with an Au containing sample in their selectivity. It had been demonstrated that the use of these catalysts makes it possible to reach the degree of hydrogen cleansing from CO to the level of about 15 ppm, which meets the for fuel cells requirements.
G. G. FURIN1, A. A. IL¢IN2, L. M. IVANOVA2, YU. L. BAKHMUTOV2 AND A. N. IL¢IN2 1Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Akademika Lavrentyeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: furin@nioch.nsc.ru
2Halogen JSC, Ul. Lasvinskaya 98, Perm 614113 (Russia)
A set of problems and directions of the accelerated application of fluorinated materials to solve a number of tasks in automobile industry is considered. The examples of the treatment of mechanical rubber goods with fluorinated reagents coating the surface of rubber parts with protective films that approach the characteristics of fluorinated polymers are shown. Due to these films, the used materials to not swell in petrol vapour, their wear resistance increases, friction coefficient decreases and becomes comparable with that of fluoroplastics, performance characteristics are conserved under irradiation with light. Examples of the use of acrylates modified with fluorine for corrosion-protective coatings on metal units of automobiles are given. New developments of fluorine-containing surface-active substances for use in nickel- and chromium-plating processes of metal parts, providing ecologically safe and pure conditions for the personnel of these works, are considered. The problems connected with the deposition of oil- and water-resistant coatings on glass are discussed. The efficiency of the treatment of cloth materials for car interior furnishing rendering nonflammable properties and making no flame under the action of open fire is demonstrates. New fluorine-containing lubricants for mechanisms are proposed that exceed those in use in performance characteristics. The technology of obtaining a new cleaning agent for the systems of cooling the car engine and carburetor is developed.
The effect of reinforcing the unsaturated polyester resin with wollastonite on primary physical-mechanical and performance characteristics of the hardened composite material is investigated.
E. Z. GOLOSMAN1, G. I. SALOMATIN1, T. N. SMIRNOVA2, V. N. EFREMOV1 and V. I. YAKERSON3 1Novomoskovsk Institute of Nitrogen Industry, Ul. Kirova 11, Novomoskovsk 301650 (Russia)
E-mail: gez@novomoskovsk.ru
2Institute of Motors, Ul. Novoslobodskaya 37, Moscow 125255 (Russia)
3Zelinskiy Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 42, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
Pages: 839-841
The application of Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn-containing catalysts based on alumocalcium cement in catalyst converters of exhaust for motor transport is considered. The possibility of promoting the studied systems both by depositing a small amount of palladium and by charging palladium-free catalysts together with those containing a small amount of it.
V. F. KOMAROV AND G. V. SAKOVITCH
Institute of Problems of Chemical and Energy Technologies, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sotsialisticheskaya 1, Biysk 659322 (Russia)
N. B. KONDRIKOV1, V. S. RUDNEV2, M.S. VASILYEVA1, L. M. TYRINA2, T. P. YAROVAYA2 AND A. V. ROZHKOV1 1Far-Eastern State University, Ul. Oktyabr´skaya 27, Vladivostok 690090 (Russia)
E-mail: kondr@chem.dvgu.ru
2Institute of Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka 159, Vladivostok 690022 (Russia)
In order to solve the problems of fuel combustion in internal-combustion engines and exhaust gas purification, one may use catalytic coatings deposited either on cylinders and pistons or on the surfaces of bulk supports in the systems of catalytic afterburning of exhaust gas. Both problems can be solved by using the manufacturable method of depositing the coatings with catalytic properties - plasma electrolytic oxidation.
D. B. LEMPERT AND G. B. MANELIS
Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Semenova 1, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russia)
Modern requirements to smokeless gas generating compositions for automobile safety bags are described. Possible ways to decrease combustion temperature and the concentrations of toxic gases in combustion products are analyzed. Thermal stability of the potential components of gas-generating compositions (organic compounds) and the phase state of ammonium nitrate within the temperature range from -50 to +100 oC are investigated. The routes of phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate with organic compounds containing no metals or halogens are proposed. The regularities of combustion of the compositions are investigated, the ways of a substantial increase in the combustion rate of compositions based on ammonium nitrate are proposed.
A mathematical model for the determination of the quality of polymer-bitumen binder for road construction on the basis of the raw material from local oil-processing plants was developed. The model obtained on the basis of investigations into the selection of the optimal composition of modified road bitumen allows one to predict the quality of the product depending on the composition of the initial raw material, thus providing the flexibility of the process of obtaining polymer-bitumen binder.
B. A. TROFIMOV, L. V. BAYKALOVA, V. A. BARINOV AND KH. KH. BABANIYAZOV
Favorskiy Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Favorskogo 1, Irkutsk 664033 (Russia)
A complex compound bis(1-vinylimidazole)zincdiacetate is proposed for use as a prophylactic and curative antihypoxic means against poisoning with CO and other products formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fuel in an automobile engine. An efficient method of its manufacture was developed; its molecular structure was revealed. It was determined that, in addition, the preparation possesses antidote properties.
