A. M. BOLSHAKOV1, L. D. BOLSHAKOVA1, YU. N. SHCHEGOLKOV2, N. A. MAKAROV3 and O. V. SERGEEVA1
1Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: bolsh@igic.ras.ru
2Central Research Geological Prospecting Institute of Non-Ferrous and Noble Metals (TsNIGRI), Varshavskoye Shosse 129b, Moscow 117545 (Russia)
3Central Scientific Research Automobile and Automotive Engines Institute (NAMI), Ul. Avtomotornaya 2, Moscow 125438 (Russia)
Pages: 737-742
It has been found that thermal decomposition of binary complexes of composition [Co(NH3)5Cl][M*Cl4] (M*= Pt è Pd) and [M(NH3)x][M*Cly] (M= Cu, Ni) that have been obtained for the first time can be used to produce binary catalysts with uniform distribution of active components. The procedure of the controlled formation of multipurpose zones on the surface of Pt-Ni/g-Al2O3 and Pd-Co/g-Al2O3 catalysts has been developed, which significantly increases their activity. As a consequence of the study into the conversion of gas mixture on these catalysts, the possibility for segregative interaction of NO and CO has been found. It has been demonstrated that a non-additive increase in catalytic activity of binary catalysts is caused by oxygen depassivation of Pt and Pd centres owing to spillover of oxygen that is formed during NO decomposition. The mechanism of the spillover of oxygen has been suggested, the sense of which consists in the realization of a new reaction path of slightly bonded states of adsorbates.
T. N. BURDEYNAYA1, V. F. TRETJAKOV1, V. A. MATYSHAK2, yu. P. ZAKORCHEVNAYA1, A. G. ZAKIROVA1, M. N. BAKHTIYAROV1 and V. N. KORCHAK2 1Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: tretjakov@ips.ac.ru
2Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 117334 (Russia)
Pages: 743-749
Formulations of original catalytic compositions have been developed to clear gas emissions of highway transport on the basis of catalysts that are free of precious metals: NTK-10-1, STK, and Ni-Cr oxidic catalyst, the use of which was not made in these processes previously. High activity of the developed catalytic compositions is caused by the effect of synergism that has been discovered and studied for the first time with mechanical mixtures of commercial catalysts. The investigation of the mechanism of the reaction of selective NOx reduction by propane over individual industrial catalysts has demonstrated that the effect of synergism that can be observed with their binary mechanical mixtures is caused by oxidizing activation of propane that proceeds on the surface of STK and Ni-Cr oxidic catalysts with the formation of more efficient reducing agents, namely, propylene and hydrogen respectively. Owing to the interphase diffusion, the last-mentioned fall on the surface of the NTK-10-1 catalyst through the gas phase, and the catalyst activates NOx.
U. F. ZAVJALOVA1, V. F. TRETJAKOV1, T. N. BURDEYNAYA1 AND P. G. TSYRULNIKOV2 1Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 29, Moscow 119991 (Russia)
E-mail: zavjalova@ips.ac.ru
2Institute of Hydrocarbons Processing, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Neftezàvodskàya 54, Omsk 644040 (Russia)
Pages: 751-754
A novel synthetic approach had been worked out for block catalysts of compositions 0.1%Pd-2.9%CuO/g-Al2O3 and 0.1%Pd-2.9%CuCo2O4/g-Al2O3. Their catalytic properties had been investigated in neutralization reactions of toxic components of exhaust gases, i.e. CO oxidation, deep oxidation of hydrocarbons and NOx reduction by propane. It has been demonstrated that, due to higher specific surface area and dispersion of active components synthesized by burning method, the activity of these catalysts is significantly higher as compared to the samples yielded by a standard methods.
v. n. kornopoltsev, n. v. kornopoltsev, d. m. mognonov and i. A. fArion
Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sakhyanovoy 6, Ulan Ude 670047 (Russia)
The creation principle and tribotechnical tests of a sheet metal-fluoroplastic material on a steel substrate are featured in the work. An optimal composition of its working layer and the procedure for doping the surface of an inversed steel pair have been selected. Tests have demonstrated that the developed material can outperform domestic commercial analogues. For instance, when the composition of new material layer is: 20_25vol. % copper alloys, 50_55%vol. % F-4 and vol. % Pb, pV factorfor 1000 h continuous operation under dry friction conditions in contact with diffusion-borated steel 45 (admissible wear 200 mm) is as great as 2 MPa×1 m/s.
N. P. KRUTKO1, O. N. OPANASENKO1 AND A. V. MININ2 1Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, NAS of Belarus, Ul. Surganova 9, Minsk 220072 (Belarus)
E-mail: krutko@igic.bas-net.by
2Belavtodor, Department of Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Belarus, Ul. Kalvariyskaya 29, Minsk 220073 (Belarus)
Pages: 763-773
Colloid chemical properties of surface-active substances of different classes and bitumen are investigated, their interaction with the mineral material is studied. New materials and emulsion technologies for road coatings are proposed, which allow one to improve the quality and performance characteristics of roadway.
T. G. KUZNETSOVA1, V. A. SADYKOV1, V. A. MATYSHAK2, L. CH. BATUEV1 AND V. A. ROGOV1 1Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
E-mail: tgkuzn@catalysis.ru
2Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kosygina 4, Moscow 117977 (Russia)
Pages: 775-781
Soot oxidation reactions are investigated in the mixture O2 + helium and O2 + NO2 + helium in the presence of substituted perovskites based on lanthanum manganite and modified fluorites based on solid solution Ce-Zr-O, including those promoted with a small amount of platinum. It was shown that the efficiency of soot oxidation is higher in the mixture containing nitrogen dioxide. It was established that the presence of weakly bound surface oxygen is necessary to initiate soot oxidation, while the developed process of soot oxidation requires the mobility of lattice oxygen.
P. E. MATKOVSKIY1, G. P. STARTSEVA1, V. YA. CHURKINA1, S. M. ALDOSHIN1, V. N. TROITSKIY1, V. I. SAVCHENKO1, R. G. KHANNANOV2, M. A. DEMIDOV2, V. G. SHAMSUTDINOV2, G. I. ILYASOV2, R. S. YARULLIN3, J. MIKHAILOVICH4 AND K. IOTANOVICH4 1Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Semenova 1, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka 142432 (Russia)
E-mail: pem@icp.ac.ru
2Tatneft-Nizhnekamskneftekhim-Oil JSC, P. O. Box 60, Nizhnekamsk 423574 (Russia)
3Tatneftekhiminvest-holding JSC, Ul. Ershova 29, Kazan¢ 420045 (Russia)
4NIS - Rafineriya Nefti Novi Sad, Put Sajkaskog odreda, 4, Novi Sad 21000 (Serbia)
Pages: 783-787
A new catalytic system for obtaining synthetic oligodecene oil for motor transport is developed. The system includes metal aluminium with particle size 4-40 mm, alkyl aluminium halide (in particular, (C2H5)1.5AlCl1.5), organic halogenated compound (in particular, tert-butyl chloride (CH3)3CCl). It was shown that the application of this system in combination with a tubular-slit reactor of oligomerization allows one to solve a set of the main problems connected with obtaining oligodecene oil. Thus obtained results were confirmed using pilot installations and were implemented in the project of the Nizhnekamsk plant of synthetic oil.
T. P. MINYUKOVA, I. SH. ITENBERG, M. P. DEMESHKINA, N. E. SHTERZER AND T. M. YURIEVA
Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akademika Lavrentyeva 5, Novosibirsk 630090 (Russia)
The possibility of fine purification of hydrogen from CO by means of preferable hydrogenation of carbon(I) monoxide into methane till the residual CO content of 1000 ppm is investigated. In order to develop a compact device intended for hydrogen preparation for fuel elements, an efficient nickel-containing catalyst was proposed that provides the required purification degree (not more than 1000 ppm CO at the outlet), selectivity (not less than 70 % of methane is formed from CO) and the level of activity (contact time is not more than 6000 h-1).
A. A. OKHLOPKOVA1, P. N. PETROVA1, S. A. SLEPTSOVA2 AND O. V. GOGOLEVA1 1Institute of Non-Metallic Materials, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Avtodorozhnaya 20, Yakutsk 677007 (Russia)
E-mail: aitalina@inbox.ru
2Ammosov Yakutsk State University, Ul. Belinskogo 58, Yakutsk 677000 (Russia)
Pages: 793-799
The results of investigation aimed at the development of new wear-resistant polymeric composite materials for friction units on the basis of polytetrafluoroethylene and super-high molecular polyethylene modified by nanometer-sized inorganic compounds are reported. It is shown that their use in crystallizing polymers has a positive effect on the changes in material characteristics and helps one to intensify structural processes in polymers during crystallization.
Experimental work was carried out which allowed us to analyze the ways of solving the problems of simultaneous decrease in the consumption of conventional fuel, emission of toxic and greenhouse gases within a short time. It was shown that upgrading of internal combustion engines (ICE) operating with the conventional fuel makes it possible to meet the requirement 140 g/km CO2; the use of alternative kinds of fuel broadens the possibility to decrease CO2 emission and increase performance index; ICE performance with a thinned homogeneous mixture allows a substantial increase in performance index. Investigation of the operation process in ICE showed the possibility of its performance with a thin homogeneous mixtures; the performance index increases under the rated conditions from 23 to 32-34 % as a mean. It was established that power installations operating with hydrogen are able to provide zero CO2 emission. A concept of the transition to hydrogen as a fuel in the most efficient manner is formulated.
