P.S. Martyshko, D.D. Byzov, N.V. Fedorova
Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Keywords: Gravitational and magnetic anomalies, inverse problems, Kraka massif
The paper describes methods for three-dimensional interpretation of gravity and magnetic anomalies taking into account the relief of the earth's surface. Parallel algorithms for solving direct problems of gravimetry and magnetometry (calculating field values from sources) are implemented in software for personal computers with graphic accelerators. Based on these algorithms, methods for solving inverse problems on correctness sets have been developed. When modeling, anomaly sources of arbitrary shape are approximated by a dense regular grid, the elements of which are parallelepipeds. Methods for identifying anomalies and localizing sources in the earth's crust, calculating their physical parameters have been applied in modeling the structure of the Kraka ultramafic massifs in the Southern Urals with an area of 50x80 km2. The height of the mountain ranges in this
area reaches 1043 m, and the difference in relief heights is more than 500 m.
1 VIRG-Rudgeofizika Ltd., St. Petersburg, Russia
Keywords: induced polarization, mechanisms and models of rock polarization, stationary polarizability, interphase electrical potential
Unique relationships between the parameters of induced polarization (IP) and the structure of interphase and pore space of rocks provide high interest to applied science — ensures continuous expansion of the scope of the method. The physico-chemical theory of the phenomenon of IP rocks has gaps. This is due to the complex nature of the processes that occur in rocks and produced secondary electric fields. Laboratory studies continue to be the main source of new knowledge about the mechanisms and processes occurring in rocks when an electric field is applied. In recent decades, several new hypotheses, models, and mechanisms of IP for rocks with electron-conducting mineral (EM) inclusions have been proposed. The paper describes the key features of IP mechanisms. These mechanisms are actively discussed and used to interpret IP data collected in the laboratory and field. This paper presents the results of an experimental laboratory study on the IP of interface "shungite-porous moisture", conducted on a synthetic model of rock with EM inclusions. Based on voltametric measurements, we have identified the main characteristics of shungite's polarization in an aqueous NaCl solution. An estimate is given of the magnitude of exchange currents, the dynamics of polarization at the interphase boundary at different current densities, and the relaxation of the surface electric potential. For the first time, we present measurements of electric currents flowing in the model and within the shungite inclusion - the IP currents. It has been proven that the relaxation of the electric field in the model and the IP currents have identical dependencies. The proportionality between the polarization magnitude of shungite inclusions and the normal current component on the interface between shungite and moisture has been experimentally verified. The data obtained and published suggest that the mechanism of electrode polarization of EM inclusions in rocks plays a significant role. A probable mechanism for polarization of the interphase "EM-pore moisture" in rocks has been presented.
A.Yu. Gladenkov1, A.Yu. Kazansky1 1 Geological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Keywords: Oligocene, diatoms, West Kamchatka, magnetostratigraphy, age of diatom datum levels
Results on the age estimates of the Paleogene diatom datums derived from the magnetostratigraphy at marine Cenozoic stratigraphic section of the Kvachina Bay, West Kamchatka, are presented. Based on a direct correlation with the Geomagnetic Polarity Scale, it was possible to determine the age of such levels between Subchron C13r (35.10 - 33.73 Ma) and Subchron C9r (27.86 – 27.44 Ma). Of greatest interest are the age dating of the first and last occurrences of Lisitzinia ornata (27.71 Ma and 27.54 Ma respectively), and the first occurrence of Rocella gelida (27.49 Ma). This is the first experience of absolute age estimates of Oligocene diatom biohorizons based on magnetostratigraphy not only in Kamchatka sections, but in the North Pacific region in general. The obtained age estimates of diatom datum levels are compared with the published estimates from the literature on deep-sea cores in various regions of the World Ocean.
M. A. Zhuravkov1, S. N. Lopatin1, M. A. Nikolaichik1, V. A. Misnikov2, N. M. Klimkovich1 1Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus 2Belgorkhimprom JSC, Minsk, Belarus
Keywords: Mine opening, great depths, geomechanical behavior, limit state, block structure, numerical modeling, finite element method
The stress-strain research of rock mass is carried out, with verification by observations over underground openings at the Starobin and Petrikov deposits of potassium salt. The qualitative and quantitative indicators of the limit state zones in the vicinity of mine openings at moderate and great depths were compared using an integrated criterion. The formulas are proposed for determining sizes of limit state zones at great depths, with regard to geological structure of the test deposits. The numerical modeling algorithm of formation of rock blocks in the vicinity of underground openings on the basis of introduction of special block elements as systems of elastic and viscoelastic links is discussed. The research findings are applicable in stability assessment of mine openings in planning mining operations, and in selection of mine support and protection methods.
S. V. Usanov, Yu. P. Konovalova, S. A. Nogin, E. A. Vinal’eva, N. A. Panzhina
Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Keywords: Deformations, geodynamics, long-term instrumental monitoring, data base, analysis, capital construction facilities, safety, risk
The article presents the ground surface deformation monitoring data for a 40 years-long period. The space and time parameters of geodynamic movements are revealed from the analysis of long-term observation over ground movements. The ground movement data base is created for the classification, modeling and estimation of ground movements, and for the analytical definition of patterns in big data arrays. The statistical and wavelet analyses of rates of change in vertical displacements of ground surface are performed. The ground surface zoning is carried out at the Sarany chromite deposits and in the adjacent areas with a town and industrial facilities. The results are useful for the detection of unknown parameters of geodynamic processes on ground surface, and for the prevention of accidents connected with instability of capital facilities during underground mining.
I. V. Zyryanov1, I. B. Bokii1, O. V. Zoteev1,2, V. V. Reshetova1, V. D. Baryshnikov3 1Yakitniproalmaz Institute, ALROSA, Mirny, Russia 2Institute of Mining, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia 3Chinakal Institute of Mining, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: Kimberlite pipe, mined-out area, displacement process, cemented paste backfill, deformation
The estimation procedure of a displacement zone at a mined-out void filled with cemented paste backfill in mining of kimberlite deposits of ALROSA is described. The applicability of numerical stress-strain modeling and established normative standards is demonstrated. The deficiency of the current methods and norms in delimitation of hazardous displacement zones is identified. The proposed solutions conform with the actual conditions of the Internatsionalny and Aikhal Kimberlite Mines. Localization of a hazardous deformation zone nearby a mined-out area is demonstrated as a case-study of underground mining with cemented paste backfill in the Mir-Gluboky Mine. The displacement zone parameters at the Mir-Gluboky Mine are calculated.
V.M. Mikhailov
Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, North-Eastern Permafrost Research Station, Magadan, Russia
Keywords: permafrost, taliks, hydrogeologic processes, evolution of waterbodies, small-block tectonics, surface-groundwater relationship, retrospective analysis
Landscape-hydrological and hydrogeological changes have been studied in a second-order creek valley with water recharge taliks formed along two linear faults and an isometric depression closing the lower fault. A hypothesis about the tectonic origin of these changes is advanced based on the analysis of aerospace materials, in situ observations, and reference data. At least until 1965, there was no runoff in the valley downstream of the depression, and the maximum water infiltration rate exceeded 4 m3/s. Surface water infiltration, together with the deposition of sediment load, took place mainly in the depression. Subsequently, both processes virtually stopped there because of the rise of the bottom of the depression relative to the valley thalweg, and a fully developed channel was shaped downstream. Surface water infiltration has decreased by more than an order of magnitude and is observed now mainly in the area of linear faults. In the depression, it occurs sporadically at its margin, where a tectonic ditch is perpendicular to the creek channel. The ongoing tectonic activity may cause high intensity of water intake, up to the spontaneous discharge of the channel flow. In the observed case, such a discharge flow developed in the channel in the direction opposite to the slope of the creek thalweg. Such spontaneous phenomena cannot be explained within the framework of modern concepts about the minimum size of mobile tectonic blocks and attest to the need for their revision.
O.F. Danilov1, A.N. Kraev1, Z.Sh. Shankhoev1, A.I. Sinitskiy2 1Tyumen Industrial University, Tyumen, Russia 2Scientific Center for Arctic Studies, Salekhard, Russia
Keywords: highway, foundation stability, design and technological solution, temperature conditions, permafrost soils
A design and technological solution to modify the soil temperature regime and maintain the upper boundary of permafrost in the roadbed at the required depth was developed. The main causes of road failure in permafrost regions were identified. The effect of water accumulated at the base of the roadbed on the temporal variation of the inclined permafrost table depending on the road slope was studied using numerical modeling. Numerical modeling was used to select the key geometric parameters of the design and technological solution controlling the temperature variation of the foundation soils. Regression equations describing the temporal variation of the slope of permafrost table in the roadbed were obtained using the mathematical planning of the experiment.
V.V. Olenchenko, A.A. Zaplavnova, M.V. Medvedeva
Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
Keywords: icing, permafrost, groundwater filtration, ground penetrating radar, electrical resistivity tomography, normalized chargeability
Icing formation represents a hazardous engineering-geological process that adversely affects infrastructure facilities. To predict icing development and suggest adequate control measures, it is necessary to identify the location of the icing water source and plan the placement of water intake wells. Geophysical methods help solve these tasks. The objective of this study was to investigate the structure of the groundwater discharge zone feeding a hydrogeogenic icing to plan anti-icing measures. The investigations employed ground-penetrating radar (GPR) equipped with an OKO-3 system and a 250 MHz antenna, capacitive-coupled resistivity measurements using VEGA instrument at 16.5 kHz frequency, and electrical resistivity tomography with induced polarization measurements using Skala-64k15 system. GPR data revealed that the seasonal freezing depth within the icing mound reaches 1.8-2.7 m. Signs of groundwater discharge were identified as local anomalies with reduced seasonal freezing depth down to 1.3 m. The study established that the icing mound forms over a seasonal frost heave mound containing an ice core, while the bedrock base shows evidence of a fault zone. Electrical resistivity tomography surveys and 3D modeling of resistivity and normalized chargeability distributions to a depth of 100 m enabled the identification and delineation of branching vertical channels of ascending groundwater filtration. These channels form a group source feeding the icing.
M.N. Zheleznyak, V.V. Shepelev, O.I. Alekseeva, I.I. Syromyatnikov
Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russia
Keywords: permafrost, geocryology, natural processes and phenomena, field research, permafrost scientist
On August 8, 2025, Igor Vladimirovich Klimovsky, a senior researcher at the Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Honored Worker of the Economy of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Veteran of Labor, and Honored Veteran of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, passed away at the age of 90. He will be remembered as a remarkable permafrost researcher committed to geocryological science, a tireless explorer, and an excellent field worker.
