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At present, the assessment of the standard of living of the working segments of the population is of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to adapt the traditional methodology of the HDI approach to assessing the standard of living of the working population in the regions of the Volga Federal District (PFD). The methodology proposed by the authors for calculating the human development index (HDI) of the working population, called “HDI-labor”, includes the following components: 1) the index of median wages, correlated with the cost of a fixed set of consumer goods and services (salary purchasing power index); 2) the index of viability of the working-age population; 3) the index of education, based on the number of students of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions per 10 thousand people of the population. A rating of the regions of the Russian Federation supported by calculations of the new HDI-labor indicator based on data for 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2021 indicates that the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2021 dropped two positions compared to 2013, taking 35th place. The article also provides comparisons of HDI-labor with HDI-region as a whole and by their components. In 2021, the value of HDI-labor in the Republic of Bashkortostan was 0.375, including the purchasing power index of the median wage - 0.359, the vitality index - 0.311, the education index - 0.454. The value of obtained results is to complement the methodology for assessing the standard of living of the working population based on the HDI approach. This methodology for assessing the standard of living of the working population based on an integral indicator is suggested for use while developing recommendations for improving the standard of living of the working population in the regions of the Russian Federation.

The article considers socio-economic factors of population migration in municipalities on the example of the Sverdlovsk Oblast. The study is based on the concentration analysis of the spatial distribution of migration flows using a combination of autocorrelation and regression modeling methods. The purpose of the study is to identify the significant factors affecting migration flows of population, taking into account the spatial relationship between municipalities. The main objectives of the analysis include the study and identification of statistically significant indicators affecting the resettlement of people. Migration flows have a noticeable impact on the demographic structure of the population, as well as on the state of local and regional labor markets. During the study period from 2010 to 2022, uneven distribution and increased concentration of migrants in large municipalities increased the outflow of population from sparsely populated areas. The use of a set of methods - assessment of migration flows concentration, spatial autocorrelation and spatial regression analysis - allows us to fully determine the zones of concentration of migration flows and identify factors affecting resettlement within the Sverdlovsk Oblast with the further purpose of using the study to adjust and plan the development of the territory.

Since 2023, according to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, Berezovsky and Beloyarsky municipal districts of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra are the districts of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. These are the two districts where indigenous small-numbered peoples of the region - Khanty and Mansi - predominantly live. The goal of the article is to analyze the situation with indigenous minorities at municipal labor market and to identify peculiarities of their embeddedness. Research hypothesis: In Arctic regions of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, representatives of Khanty and Mansi demonstrate a lower level of employment rate comparing to the rest of the region’s population, which indicates insufficient integration at municipal labor market and a lower level of embeddeness associated with lack of vocational education (65.2% of Khanty and Mansi) and insufficient qualification. The methodology of the research is associated with a comparison of data from open sources. It also includes recommendations for improving the situation at the labor market in the Arctic regions of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, for example, recommendations for of special educational programs, development of traditional crafts, etc. The analysis has shown the correspondence of labor resources with geographic location of enterprises. Khanty and Mansi live in three municipal districts which are considered to be the least balanced in terms of labor market - Berezovsky, Beloyarsky, Kondinsky. The analyzed data for 2023 indicates the aggravation of the situation at municipal labor market for Khanty and Mansi and indicates an acute need for new measures to be taken.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of state support measures for the socio-economic development of Russian regions, based on the assessments by civil servants in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is the perception by regional authorities of various instruments of federal support. The purpose of the work is to identify the problems that arise in the implementation of these measures and to develop proposals for their improvement. The methodological basis of the study was the analysis and generalization of the results of a survey conducted by the RANEPA Center for Regional Policy in cooperation with the Commission of the State Council of the Russian Federation on Economics and Finance in September-October 2024. The survey covered civil servants of various subjects of the Russian Federation. The results of the analysis showed significant differences in estimates of the effectiveness of support measures depending on the group of regions. Some problem areas were identified, in particular, the supervision of deputy prime ministers in the federal districts received low marks. The assessment of the release of funds within the framework of debt restructuring on budget loans turned out to be ambiguous. The tools of the “infrastructure menu" and preferential territories, in general, received positive reviews. The findings of the study contribute to understanding the attitude of regional authorities towards federal support and identify areas for improving its effectiveness. The results obtained can be used to improve the mechanisms of state support for regional development, optimize the allocation of resources and increase the effectiveness of the implementation of federal programs. They may be of interest to government authorities, researchers of regional economics and experts in the field of management.

The article examines the most important modern environmental challenges and the risks and threats caused by them, taking into account both national and regional and international aspects of the growing importance of the environmental agenda. An analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships between the presence of hazards contained in a particular challenge and the real damage that can be caused to the natural environment, living conditions and human health has been carried out. Possible ways to prevent potential risks and threats to the environmental and economic development of the country are proposed. Among the identified challenges, emphasis is placed on challenges that contain risks and threats caused by factors of both a global nature and those associated with the peculiarities of the formation of environmental and economic policy in Russia and its regions. These include tightening environmental requirements for products on foreign markets, taking into account the technologies used for their production and the resulting carbon footprint; close intertwining of environmental issues with technological and economic problems; changes in environmental regulations within the country in connection with external sanctions imposed on it, and others. The statement about the existential nature of the considered environmental challenges is substantiated. It is concluded that the existing institutional environment in Russia, which also determines the effectiveness of state environmental policy, requires transformation, subject to active state support in the field of innovation, technological sovereignization of the economy based on domestic best available technologies and other measures based on socio-economic and environmental motivation, based primarily on the principles of economic efficiency and environmental justice. The proposals made for improving the mechanism of environmental and economic policy can be useful in developing instruments for regulating the environmental sphere at all levels of management.

The article discusses new opportunities and risks on the southern border of the taiga, where swamps are being naturally drained due to climate warming. Highlighting the dangers that arise in these conditions, the author puts the high risk of fires first in connection with the need to take emergency measures. The paper notes that drainage of swamps has stopped all over the world and work on their restoration is beginning. The difficulties of assessing the likelihood of fires, as well as developing technologies for marsh restoration (re-wetting), are discussed. Along with new dangers, the author describes new opportunities that appear for the economy in connection with the processes occurring on the southern border of the taiga. Among the new possibilities, the article discusses new directions for the use of peat and a more active involvement of wild plants from the swamp environment in economic circulation. Particular attention is paid to the problem of increasing soil fertility in areas cleared of swamps and taiga. Options for changing crop rotations and introducing new agricultural crops into them are also considered.

A study was conducted to determine the effect of sample length fixation and mechanical activation of the mixture on the combustion rate and elongation of the samples during synthesis, as well as on the phase composition and morphology of the combustion products in the Ti + C system. After activation for 9 min in an AGO-2 mill with an acceleration of 90g using 9 mm diameter steel balls in air, partial mechanochemical synthesis occurred in the mixture, with the TiC product present in addition to the initial Ti and C components. With activation lasting 9 min, the mixture became pyrophoric and, in some cases, ignited upon removal from the activator drum. After mechanical activation lasting less than 9 min, the combustion rate of the mixture increased and the particle size decreased compared to the combustion rate and particle size of the original mixture. With an increase in activation time in the range of up to 9 min, the amount of impurity gases in the mixture increased, which led to an increase in elongation, and at longer times, to the dispersion of the product samples during synthesis. Fixing the sample length significantly increased their combustion rate, but, like mechanical activation of the mixture, did not affect the phase composition of the synthesis products.

A study was conducted on the macrokinetic combustion of a granulated Zr + 0.5C mixture under nitrogen flow conditions. It was shown that the combustion rate increases nonlinearly with increasing gas flow rate, with the combustion process accompanied by sample shrinkage of up to 26%. Experimental data were analyzed using conductive and convective combustion models. Calculations showed that combustion in a nitrogen flow at gas flow rates exceeding 500 l/h occurs via the convective mechanism. It was established that longitudinal sample shrinkage is due to the presence of a significant amount of zirconium melt during combustion. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the synthesis products are a mixture of zirconium carbonitrides ZrC_xN_y of variable composition. Chemical analysis of the synthesis products revealed that the degree of nitridation of the granulated mixtures is higher than that of the powder mixtures and increases with increasing nitrogen flow through the sample.

A mathematical model is presented, which simulates the oscillatory behaviour reported for the N₂O+H₂ reaction over Ir (110) surface. The model describes successfully the very narrow temperature range for the appearance of oscillations and the properties of oscillations including their period and the waveform. The presented model also can simulate the phase shift, between the maxima of H₂O and N₂ production rates, which has been detected experimentally. It is demonstrated, that this unusual phase shift between production rates of two reaction products is closely connected with the character of lateral interactions in the adlayer.

Some prospects of application of plasma spraying technique for the synthesis of supported catalysts are demonstrated. It was shown that Mn-containing catalysts deposited on γ-Al₂O₃ by means of plasma spraying demonstrate superior activity in methane oxidation reaction compared with those of reference catalysts prepared via standard conventional route. Gradient alumina layer sprayed on the surface of metal supports of different geometry improves the performance characteristics of combustion catalysts on metal supports during long term operation at high temperatures. A catalytic heat-exchanging (HEX) tubular reactor for combining exothermic combustion and endothermic methane steam reforming has been developed. The methane combustion and steam reforming catalysts were synthesized on the heat-conducting metal foam support materials by application of preliminary plasma spraying in order to increase adhesive properties of the active layer. The HEX reactor with perovskite or Pt supported catalyst on Ni–Cr foam material on the external surface of the HEX tube and with Ni containing reforming catalyst on the internal Ni foam was successfully tested in methane combustion reaction combined with methane steam reforming.